Intrinsic Electronic Transport Properties of High-Quality Monolayer and Bilayer MoS₂

We report electronic transport measurements of devices based on monolayers and bilayers of the transition-metal dichalcogenide MoS₂. Through a combination of in situ vacuum annealing and electrostatic gating we obtained ohmic contact to the MoS₂ down to 4 K at high carrier densities. At lower carrier densities, low-temperature four probe transport measurements show a metal–insulator transition in both monolayer and bilayer samples. In the metallic regime, the high-temperature behavior of the mobility showed strong temperature dependence consistent with phonon-dominated transport. At low temperature, intrinsic field-effect mobilities approaching 1000 cm²/(V·s) were observed for both monolayer and bilayer devices. Mobilities extracted from Hall effect measurements were several times lower and showed a strong dependence on density, likely caused by screening of charged impurity scattering at higher densities

Electronic Transport of Encapsulated Graphene and WSe₂ Devices Fabricated by Pick-up of Prepatterned hBN

We report high quality graphene and WSe₂ devices encapsulated between two hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes using a pick-up method with etched hBN flakes. Picking up prepatterned hBN flakes to be used as a gate dielectric or mask for other 2D materials opens new possibilities for the design and fabrication of 2D heterostructures. In this Letter, we demonstrate this technique in two ways: first, a dual-gated graphene device that is encapsulated between an hBN substrate and prepatterned hBN strips. The conductance of the graphene device shows pronounced Fabry–Pérot oscillations as a function of carrier density, which implies strong quantum confinement and ballistic transport in the locally gated region. Second, we describe a WSe₂ device encapsulated in hBN with the top hBN patterned as a mask for the channel of a Hall bar. Ionic liquid selectively tunes the carrier density of the contact region of the device, while the hBN mask allows independent tunability of the contact region for low contact resistance. Hall mobility larger than 600 cm²/(V·s) for few-layer p-type WSe₂ at 220 K is measured, the highest mobility of a thin WSe₂ device reported to date. The observations of ballistic transport in graphene and high mobility in WSe₂ confirm pick-up of prepatterned hBN as a versatile technique to fabricate ultraclean devices with high quality contact

Plasma levels of cardiac Troponin I/T and the correlation between Troponin I/T levels and LVMI/IVS.

<p>There were no significant differences between healthy controls and MHD patients in both biomarkers before the hemodialysis treatment (cTnI: 29.72±16.16 <i>vs</i> 29.55±40.35, P = 0.983; cTnT: 23.85±24.67 <i>vs</i> 27.47±29.16, P = 0.650) (A, B). No significant differences of Troponin I/T levels were found between MHD patients plus LVH and those without LVH (cTnI: 30.85±45.46 <i>vs</i> 26.55±26.85, P = 0.784; cTnT: 25.22±26.92 <i>vs</i> 33.07±35.07, P = 0.480) (A, B). There were no correlation between LVMI and Troponin I/T before hemodialysis treatment (C, D). After hemodialysis, the cardiac Troponin I level remained unchanged in most patients except that it was evident decrease in one patient (E). There were no significant differences of the plasma Troponin T level between before and after hemodialysis (F).</p

Left ventricular mass index estimated by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance.

<p>Left ventricular mass index estimated by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance.</p

The correlation between plasma miR-133a level and cardiac hypertrophy in ESRD patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis treatment.

<p>Liner regression analysis showed that plasma miR-133a concentration was negatively correlated with IVS and LVMI, the correlation coefficient was 0.319 and 0.383 respectively, P = <0.001 (A, B).</p

Univariate logistic regression analysis of plasma miR-133a and clinical characteristics.

<p>CI: confidence interval.</p><p>Univariate logistic regression analysis of plasma miR-133a and clinical characteristics.</p

Clinical characteristics of the study population.

<p>PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; β-blocker: β receptor blocker; CCB: calcium-channel blocker; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II type1 receptor blocker.</p><p>Clinical characteristics of the study population.</p

Plasma concentrations of miR-133a in healthy controls and MHD patients.

<p>The average miR-133a level of MHD patients with LVH was much lower than that of healthy controls and MHD patients without LVH, (0.57±0.46 <i>vs</i> 1.48±0.57, P = 0.000; 0.57±0.46 <i>vs</i> 2.33±1.75, P = <0.001) (A). There were no differences in miR-133a level between male and female in controls (1.40±0.58 <i>vs</i> 1.63±0.58, P = 0.457) and MHD patients either with LVH (0.54±0.41 <i>vs</i> 0.63±0.55, P = 0.565) or without LVH (2.34±1.56 <i>vs</i> 2.31±2.07, P = 0.961) (B). When patients were divided into three groups according to the duration of hemodialysis, there was no significant difference in miR-133a levels between groups (1.15±1.21 <i>vs</i> 1.39±1.50 <i>vs</i> 1.02±1.48, P = 0.806) (C). Among 14 patients receiving hemodialytic treatment, miR-133a concentration remained unchanged after hemodialysis (D). Δct (ct value of 133a subtract ct value of let-7dgi) was used to evaluate the alteration. If Δct was increased, the level of miR-133a was decreased.</p

Efficiency of Launching Highly Confined Polaritons by Infrared Light Incident on a Hyperbolic Material

We investigated phonon–polaritons in hexagonal boron nitridea naturally hyperbolic van der Waals materialby means of the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy. Real-space nanoimages we have obtained detail how the polaritons are launched when the light incident on a thin hexagonal boron nitride slab is scattered by various intrinsic and extrinsic inhomogeneities, including sample edges, metallic nanodisks deposited on its top surface, random defects, and surface impurities. The scanned tip of the near-field microscope is itself a polariton launcher whose efficiency proves to be superior to all the other types of polariton launchers we studied. Our work may inform future development of polaritonic nanodevices as well as fundamental studies of collective modes in van der Waals materials