A CASE STUDY AND CHALLENGES IN REPORTING OF ANO-RECTAL DISORDERS

Ano-rectal disorders namely Haemorrhoids, Fissure-in-ano and Fistula-in-ano here includes a variety of pathological disorders having different and various types of clinical presentation. These ano- rectal disorders generates relevant discomfort and disability to the patient. In this work our primary focus is only on these three anorectal disorders. The prevalence of Ano- rectal disorders are much higher than what we see in the hospital or clinics because most of the patient having such disorders do not seek for medical attention at an early stage. The present paper discusses about the hurdles or challenges faced while trying to enroll, update and increase the cases of Haemorrhoids, Fissure-in-ano and Fistula-in-ano reporting to Shalya Tantra OPD and IPD of Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Varanasi between year 2009-2019. The study had been also carried out to know the prevalence of diagnosed cases of Haemorrhoids, Fissure-in-ano and Fistula-in-ano and the interpretation of the data on the gender basis for better understanding of the disease. It is an institutional data study of total 5158 patients with an aim to estimate and evaluate the epidemiology of these ano–rectal disorders in eastern UP. This work is exploring scientifically the cause behind the prevalence of these three ano-rectal diseases reporting in our hospital

Conversational AI for Natural Language Processing: An Review of ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI, which was introduced in 2019. It employs a transformer-based neural mesh to produce human being responses in real-time, allowing for natural language conversations with a machine. ChatGPT is instructed on huge quantities of data captured using the internet, making it knowledgeable in an extensive span of topics, from news & entertainment to politics and sports. This allows it to generate contextually relevant responses to questions and statements, making the conversation seem more lifelike. The model can be used in various applications, including customer service, personal assistants, and virtual assistants. ChatGPT has also shown promising results in generating creative content, such as jokes and poetry, showcasing its versatility and potential for future applications.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on ChatGPT, highlighting its key advantages, such as improved accuracy and flexibility compared to traditional NLP tools, as well as its limitations and the need for further research to address potential ethical concerns. The review also highlights the potential for ChatGPT to be used in NLP applications, including question-answering and dialogue generation, and highlights the need for further research and development in these areas

SERUM ANTIOXIDANT DERANGEMENTS AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN BIPOLAR DISORDER: A COHORT STUDY.

Background Bipolar disorder causes recurrent mania/hypomania and depression. According to the inflammatory idea, oxidative stress and antioxidants may be imbalanced throughout this illness. This study investigates the role of non-enzymatic antioxidants - serum uric acid, serum albumin, and serum bilirubin in different phases of bipolar disorder and compares them with healthy controls. Method Three groups were studied in this cohort research. One group had bipolar affective disorder patients with manic episodes, the second with depressed episodes, and the third with healthy controls. Serum uric acid, albumin, and bilirubin were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment. The YRMS scale was used for manic episodes and the HAM-D scale was used for depressive episodes to assess disease severity. Results The study included 107 participants: 53 bipolar maniacs, 24 bipolar depressives, and 30 healthy controls. Bipolar mania was associated with considerably higher uric acid levels (5.40 mg/dl) compared to bipolar depression (4.09 mg/dl) and healthy controls (3.16 mg/dl) (p<0.001). Serum albumin levels were lower in bipolar depression (3.08 mg/dl) compared to mania (4.37 mg/dl) and healthy controls (4.60 mg/dl) (p<0.001). Results found no difference in serum bilirubin (p=0.367). Serum uric acid was reduced in bipolar mania (4.08 mg/dl) and depression (3.24 mg/dl) after 4 weeks (p<0.001), but albumin rose in depression (4.03 mg/dl) (p<0.001). Bipolar depression also increased serum bilirubin (0.72 mg/dl, p=0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest a potential role for serum uric acid and albumin as biomarkers in bipolar disorder, reflecting oxidative stress in these patients. This might also have a role in monitoring the progress and treatment of the patients. Recommendation Antioxidants can play a significant role in bipolar disorder but more research work is required. Further research with larger cohorts, consideration of confounding factors, and including measurement of more antioxidant molecules is essential to validate these findings

DEVELOPMENT OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE PELLETS BY HOT-MELT EXTRUSION FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: STUDY OF EFFECT OF VARIABLES

Objective: Objective of the study was to develop tamoxifen citrate immediate release pellets by hot-melt extrusion (HME) and to study the effect of various formulation and process variables. Methods: Pellets were prepared by HME technique. Effect of various parameters such as the concentration of ethylcellulose, PEG 6000, croscarmellose sodium, and spheronization speed were studied by using Central Composite Design. Pellets were evaluated for theoretical yield (%), mean pellet size (mm), sphericity (pellips), friability (%), porosity (%), mechanical crushing force (n), and dissolution efficiency. Optimized formulation was studied for compatibility study using IR, DSC, and XRD, SEM, In vitro drug release. In vitro Cell Cytotoxicity and Viability Assay were carried out using MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) by MTT assay. Results: Results showed that a variable such as the amount of Methyl Cellulose, PEG 6000 and Spheronization speed showed positive correlation and amount of Croscarmellose sodium showed a negative correlation with dependent variables. Optimized formulation showed Korsmeyer Peppas model as a mechanism of drug release. Value of n was found to be in between 0.77+0.04, which reveals that, release mechanism of the drug as non-Fickian transport (0.45<n<0.89). MTT results of MCF-7 cells showed that optimized immediate release pellets have maximum cytotoxicity at 80 µg/ml. Conclusion: Study concluded that HME method and materials i.e. PEG 6000 and methylcellulose can effectively use to get immediate release of tamoxifen citrate so as to increase dissolution rate and cytotoxic effect

Business Decision Making by Big Data Analytics

Information is the key component towards success when it comes to controlling the decision-makers performance with the quality of a decision. In the modern era, an absolute amount of data is available to organizations for analysis usage. Data is the most important component of the business in the 21st century and a significant number of devices are already equipped with the internet. Based on this the solutions should be studied in order to control and capture the knowledge value pair out of the datasets. Following this, the decision-makers should have access to insightful and valuable data based on the dynamic high volume & velocity using big data analytics. Our research focuses on how to integrate big data analytics into the decision-making process. The B-DAD (big data analytics and decision) framework was created to map the big data tools, its architecture, and analytics for the several decision-making steps by the adoption of methodology based on design science. The ideal goal and offerings of the framework are adopting big data analytics in order to intensify & aid decision making for the organization using an integration of big data analytics into the corresponding decision-making process. Thus, the experiment was carried out in the retail domain to test the framework. As an end result, the results showcased the value-added if big data analytics is integrated with corresponding decision-making activity

Study of factors affecting maternal and fetal outcome in HIV positive women

Background: HIV virus infection was detected first time in India in Tamil Nadu in April 1986; India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. In 2013, HIV prevalence in India was an estimated 0.3 percent. The pregnant women and her unborn child who are HIV reactive are mostly innocent bearers of the brunt of the infection. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a major route of new infections in children. Without any intervention, the risk of transmission of HIV from infected pregnant women to her child is estimated to be around 20- 45%.Early diagnosis of children born to HIV positive mother using HIV DNA PCR and treating children who are diagnosed HIV-positive with antiretroviral drugs within their first 12 weeks of life reduces mortality by 75%.Methods: This retrospective data analytic study of HIV positive pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic and delivered at M.Y. Hospital, Indore from January 2011 to December 2013 .For screening of ANC patients ELISA method was used. For the children, HIV DNA was done by sending the dried blood smear on blot paper and was sent to the reference laboratory Kasturba Hospital, Mumbai and used for diagnosis at 6 week and 6 month.Results: Only 50% of HIV positive children were started on ART, 20% died, 20% loss to follow up and 10% were not willing for follow up. Also 30% mothers practiced mixed feeding. Neonatal mortality rate was 54.87 per thousand live births which is more than the seronegative mothers.Conclusions: First HIV DNA testing can be done at 72 hours to detect antenatal HIV transmission. Early testing can pick up these cases early and ensure treatment. Mixed feeding should be strongly discouraged by counseling and modern methods of communication

A Review on Different Methods Used for Performance Enhancement of Solar Air Heater

With the increased attention the efficiency of solar heating facilities and the performance of additional equipment are becoming increasingly important. In the present study, thinking is giving on the heat transfer characteristics of solar air heater with some modifications in design to increase air travel length. Performance of solar air dryer would be checked with and without air heater. Effect of climate conditions would also be studied on its performance. Keywords: Solar Air Heater, Air Heater, Heat transfer, Solar Collector, Solar Energy

Performance Enhancement of Solar Air Heater by Increase Air Travel Distance in Solar Air Heater

With the increased attention the efficiency of solar heating facilities and the performance of additional equipment are becoming increasingly important. In the present study, thinking is giving on the heat transfer characteristics of solar air heater with some modifications in design to increase air travel length. Performance of solar air dryer would be checked with and without air heater. Effect of climate conditions would also be studied on its performance. Keywords:Solar Air Heater, Air Heater, Heat transfer, Solar Collector, Solar Energy

Medical Knowledge-enriched Textual Entailment Framework

One of the cardinal tasks in achieving robust medical question answering systems is textual entailment. The existing approaches make use of an ensemble of pre-trained language models or data augmentation, often to clock higher numbers on the validation metrics. However, two major shortcomings impede higher success in identifying entailment: (1) understanding the focus/intent of the question and (2) ability to utilize the real-world background knowledge to capture the context beyond the sentence. In this paper, we present a novel Medical Knowledge-Enriched Textual Entailment framework that allows the model to acquire a semantic and global representation of the input medical text with the help of a relevant domain-specific knowledge graph. We evaluate our framework on the benchmark MEDIQA-RQE dataset and manifest that the use of knowledge enriched dual-encoding mechanism help in achieving an absolute improvement of 8.27% over SOTA language models. We have made the source code available here