An interventional study on functional outcome of combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament reconstruction

Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is an important structure for rotational stability of knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Outcome of combined ACL and ALL reconstruction will change view of high demanding ACL tear cases.Methods: A hospital based prospective interventional study was done in Department of Orthopaedics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur to find the functional outcome of combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament reconstruction. A total of 45 patients underwent ACL and ALL reconstruction. Indications for a combined procedure were associated grade 3 pivot shifts, high level of sporting activity and pivoting sports. Patients were assessed pre- and post-operatively with objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity scale.Results: The mean follow up time was around 5 months. Two patients lost to follow up. Leaving 45 patients for final evaluation. At the last follow-up, all patients had full range of motion. The Lysholm, subjective IKDC, and objective IKDC scores were significantly improved (all p<0.0001). Pre-operatively, 38 patients had a grade 3 pivot shifts and 7 had a grade 2 according to the IKDC criteria. Post-operatively, 42 patients had a negative pivot shift (grade 0), and 3 patients were grade 1 (p<0.0001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a combined reconstruction can be an effective procedure without specific complications at a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Longer follow up is required to know any long term complications and functional outcome

Gravitational baryogenesis of cosmological constant dominated universe

In this paper, we have studied the gravitational baryogenesis of isotropic and homogeneous universe in the frame-work of general relativity. We investigate an exact and new solution of Einstein's field equations for FRW metric. Our solution represents a transitioning model of the universe which was expanding in decelerated mode and it transit in accelerated mode after dominance of cosmological constant $\Lambda$. We observe that gravitational baryogenesis occurs in the derived universe and derived baryon entropy ratio is in good agreement with its observational value.Comment: 8 Pages, 4 Figures, Accepted in Gravitation and Cosmolog

Enhanced Spam Detection System for Twitter Social Networking Platform

Twitter social site is one of the most popular Online Social Networking Site (OSN) used by popular people such as Ministers, businessman, large companies, actors to share their information. In this site, around 500 million of tweets are posted monthly by the total 313 million Twitter active users. The widespread of Twitter has drawn the interest of spammers. These malicious actors exploit the platform for various nefarious purposes, including monitoring authentic users, disseminating harmful software, and promoting their agendas through URLs embedded in tweets. They engage in tactics like secret following and unfollowing legitimate users, all with the intent of gathering sensitive information.To resolve this problem, a secure spam detection based on machine learning approach is designed. The designed used stop word removal, word to vector model to refined and dimensionally reduced the data. To enhance the quality of the data Cosine similarity is also been applied to measure the similarity score among the tweets and based upon that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained. Later on, it is used to test the efficiency by examining the performance parameters in terms of precision, recall and F-measure. Also, the comparative analysis has been performed to present the efficiency of the work. The average precision, recall and F measure of proposed spam detection model of 0.9252, 0.6107 and 0.734 are obtained

Scrub typhus in North India: clinical spectrum, laboratory parameters and treatment outcome in tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness causing serious complications leading to significant mortality especially if there is delay in diagnosis and treatment. It is caused by Orentia tsutsugamushi a gram negative bacterium and transmitted by the bite of the trombiculid mite (chigger). This study was undertaken to document the clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters and treatment outcomes of scrub typhus cases.Methods: This retrospective study was done in a tertiary care teaching hospital which included 40 confirmed cases of scrub typhus. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive IgM ELISA. Clinical spectrum and manifestations, laboratory parameters and course in hospital with outcomes were evaluated. Factors associated with complications and mortality were analyzed.Results: The mean age of the patients was 40 ±15 yrs with almost equal proportion of males and females (47.5 vs 52.5%). The most common presenting symptoms were Fever (100%), shortness of breath (40%), altered sensorium (22.5%), nausea/vomiting (10%), and diarrhea (7.5%). Mean duration of fever before presentation to hospital was 11.1±4.9 days. Eschar was seen in 15% of patients. Common laboratory abnormalities documented was thrombocytopenia (85%), elevated transaminases (57%) leukocytosis (45%), and leucopenia (15%). About 37.5% of patients developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with case fatality rate was 10%. Acute renal failure, acute hepatitis, need of ventilator support and CNS dysfunction was higher among patient with MODS.Conclusions: Scrub typhus patients can have a wide range of manifestation ranging from mild illness to serious and life threatening complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, and acute hepatitis and CNS dysfunction. High index of suspicion with early recognition and treatment is key for good outcome. Use of empirical doxycycline may be lifesaving

STUDY OF THE EVALUATION OF MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUG CHLOROQUINE IN AMES SALMONELLA ASSAY

Antimalarial drugs are frequently administered to people in topical regions of the world. It is known that commonly used antimalarial drug Chloroquine binds strongly to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).  In the present study the mutagenic effects of antimalarial drug Chloroquine was evaluated in the Ames Salmonella assay .CHQ is the most commonly used antimalarial drug at present in different parts of the world. After the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum started to develop widespread resistance to CHQ, new potential utilizations of this cheap and widely available drug have been investigated. CHQ has been extensively used in mass drug administration’s which may have contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance. As it mildly suppresses the immune system, it is used in some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. CHQ is in clinical trials as an investigational antiretroviral in humans with HIV-1/AIDS The results of the mutagenicity assay indicate that chloroquine is a weak mutagen in Salmonella strain TA100. CHQ showed a very weak mutagenic effect in the absence of S9 mix in strain TA100. But this compound didn’t show any mutagenic effect on TA98 strain both in presence or absence of S9 mix. This observation suggests that metabolic products of CHQ might not play a significant role in induction of mutation. Keywords: Chloroquine, Ames Salmonella assay, mutagenic effec

Burden of anxiety in Adolescent: A community-based study in Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Anxiety is a prevalent issue among adolescents and can adversely affect their academic performance and everyday functioning. Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas and to study the socio-demographic correlates of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas. Methods: A comprehensive survey was conducted in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of a Medical College in western district of Uttar Pradesh. The survey was aimed at young people between the ages of 10 and 19 who lived in the practice area of the medical college. Result: The burden of anxiety was observed to be 19.6 % (n=92). Female gender, urban residence, early adolescent age-group (10-13 yr), nuclear family, day-time somnolence and family history of mental illness were factors having statistical significance. Poor education level of parents was also statistically significant. Physical activity and substance abuse did not have significant contribution in burden of anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety in adolescents is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Early intervention and support are crucial

Potency test of a rape accused in India – Rationale, problems and suggestions in light of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013

AbstractIndian legal system makes it mandatory to medically examine any accused of rape as well as other forms of sexual assault. Accused is brought in the police custody for conducting medical examination which includes general physical examination, potency test and evidence collection. The medical examination report of the accused is labeled as the “POTENCY TEST REPORT”. As per the changed definition of rape after Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, potency test stands irrelevant in rape cases because the changed law does not require peno-vaginal intercourse to call it as rape. However, even after the change in definition of rape and laws related to it, potency test is still a mandatory part of medical examination of accused. Displeasure about the same has also been raised by a fast track court of Delhi. In this paper, we have discussed the rationale of potency test of sexual assault in light of Criminal Law Amendment Act (2013), court judgment and other available literature

Black Tea and Theaflavins Assist Healing of Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Mice by Antioxidative Action

The healing activities of black tea (BT) and the theaflavins (TF) against the indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration were studied in a mouse model. Indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p.o.) administration induced maximum ulceration in the glandular portion of the gastric mucosa on the 3rd day, accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, depletion of thiol-defense and mucin, as well as reduced expressions of cyclooxygenases (COX) and prostaglandin (PG) E synthesis in the gastric tissues, and plasma total antioxidant status of mice. Treatment with BT (40 mg/kg), TF (1 mg/kg), and omeprazole (3 mg/kg) produced similar (74%–76%) ulcer healing, as revealed from the histopathological studies. Treatment with all the above samples reversed the adverse oxidative effects of indomethacin significantly. BT and TF also enhanced the PGE synthesis by augmenting the expressions of COX 1 and 2, but did not modulate acid secretion

A review on distribution, properties, genetic organization, immobilisation and applications of urease

Urease, a nickel-containing metalloenzyme is getting remarkable attention due to a diverse range of applications for mankind. Urease plays a magnificent role in various field like agriculture, analytical, geological phenomena, beverage industry and is an important diagnostic tool. Urease is mainly present in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates and its manifestation in specific genera may open new vistas for its taxonomic position. Various qualitative and quantitative assays are also reported for the estimation of urease enzyme. Urease based biosensors utilizing green synthesis on nanoparticles are also trending. Recently developed inhibitors against urease were discussed in the review. Inhibitory mechanisms involving the structural similarity of the substrate through modification or derivatization can also help in rational drug design by two possible competitive ways either by mimicking monodentate urea binding or binding as a tetrahedral intermediate. Immobilisation of urease through gel entrapment, using non-covalent and covalent protein tags, cross linkage, covalent bonding, using composite films, Teflon, co-precipitation and coating on nanoparticles is also reported. This review also comprised of various application of urease including enhancement of fertility in the soil, cell to cell organization, protection to predators, treatment of various bladder related diseases and infections, analysis of urea and heavy metal ions, biocementation, pollution control by bioleaching of heavy metals and making beverages urea and ethyl carbamate free. As researchers have a keen interest in urease enzyme at present, most of its aspects were incorporated in the article to make it helpful to the scientific community for further research related to the development of new inhibitors and add on applications of urease for the upliftment of the human as well as environment.