DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEST RIGS TO EXPERIMENTALLY INVESTIGATE FLOW LOSS AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A STIRLING ENGINE HEATER HEAD

The Stirling engines are attractive alternative for combined heat and power (CHP) systems, especially for high efficiency power generation using different heat sources. The hot side heat exchanger or heater head (HH) is one of the indispensable components of Stirling engines which transfers the heat from outside of the system into the working fluid. For development of a low cost, highly efficient and reliable CHP system, a novel HH has been designed and additively manufactured from Inconel 625. For the investigation of flow loss and heat transfer through this Stirling engine heater head, two benchtop test rigs were designed, developed, and manufactured. One rig is to evaluate flow loss in oscillating flow conditions (called flow loss test rig- FLTR) and another is to evaluate heat transfer in unidirectional flow conditions (called heat transfer test rig- HTTR). For the FLTR, a linear actuator from Parker is used to generate and maintain the oscillating flow by driving a piston in oscillatory motion. The rod and the piston are sealed against the working fluid leakage using Trelleborg seals. At room temperature, by varying the charge pressure, frequency, and stroke length, multiple test conditions were achieved for experimentation. For the HTTR, a Gast’s highflow, low-pressure compressed air blower is used to deliver the unidirectional flow. The data acquisition (DAQ) is comprised of National Instruments’ cDAQ and modules to measure piston’s motion in real time and dynamic pressure with Kistler’s pressure transducers. Presented also are the detailed testing procedures, some preliminary results, expected results from Sage, and discussion of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) outputs that were used to check against the experimentally measured data from the FLTR. Preliminary results from FLTR showed higher pressure drop across the heater head tubes when compared to the Sage and CFD predictions, and higher coefficient of friction (Cf) when compared to Sage

Web Application and Penetration Testing

In the present scenario, the usage of internet is enormous and is escalating day by day. Internet facilities are employed in almost every field of work and people are becoming depending on it, with the increasing dependency on the internet, concern regarding information security has been increased. Because most of the work, e-commerce, chatting, payment of the bill, etc. are work through over the internet. That is why security is most important for any web site. Basically, such security concern is high in the field of organizations, institutions, and the financial sector. This paper aims to address the top most vulnerability concerns and how to overcome them. This paper addresses most of the popular vulnerabilities, which are amongst the top 10 according to OWASP and addresses the precautions to be taken to deal with these vulnerabilities. This paper provides a better understanding in a simple and easy way. When the entire world is behind new technologies and everything is moving towards the internet, the need for security increases. One has to be sure about the security of their website as well as the security and privacy of the end users. So, when the world is demanding for new technologies there will be an increase in demand for security testing. Every application or website is considered good only when it is secure and it can only be done by a web tester. This paper explores the vulnerabilities in a precise manner

Numerical Simulation and Design Assessment of Limited Feedback Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO Communication System

The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted a great deal of interest in various fields including governments, business, academia as an evolving technology that aims to make anything connected, communicate, and exchange of data. The massive connectivity, stringent energy restrictions, and ultra-reliable transmission requirements are also defined as the most distinctive features of IoT. This feature is a natural IoT supporting technology, as massive multiple input (MIMO) inputs will result in enormous spectral/energy efficiency gains and boost IoT transmission reliability dramatically through a coherent processing of the large-scale antenna array signals. However, the processing is coherent and relies on accurate estimation of channel state information (CSI) between BS and users. Massive multiple input (MIMO) is a powerous support technology that fulfils the Internet of Things' (IoT) energy/spectral performance and reliability needs. However, the benefit of MIMOs is dependent on the availability of CSIs. This research proposes an adaptive sparse channel calculation with limited feedback to estimate accurate and prompt CSIs for large multi-intimate-output systems based on Duplex Frequency Division (DFD) systems. The minimal retro-feedback scheme must retrofit the burden of the base station antennas in a linear proportion. This work offers a narrow feedback algorithm to elevate the burden by means of a MIMO double-way representation (DD) channel using uniform dictionaries linked to the arrival angle and start angle (AoA) (AoD). Although the number of transmission antennas in the BS is high, the algorithms offer an acceptable channel estimation accuracy using a limited number of feedback bits, making it suitable for 5G massively MIMO. The results of the simulation indicate the output limit can be achieved with the proposed algorithm

Comparative study between vaginal isosorbide mononitrate and misoprostol for induction of cervical ripening prior to surgical evacuation of first trimester embryonic demise

Background: Objective: To compare the efficacy & safety of Nitric Oxide (NO) donor, isosorbide mononitrate (ISN) to that of misoprostol, applied vaginally as tablets for cervical ripening prior to suction evacuation of first trimester embryonic demise.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double blind controlled trial conducted at tertiary level teaching hospital. 50 women with first trimester embryonic demise with closed cervix requiring suction evacuation were divided randomly into two groups of 25 women each. In group A, tab. isosorbide mononitrate 80 mg and in group B, tab. misoprostol 400 µg was applied vaginally. Both the drugs were repeated every three hourly up to a maximum of four doses or until reaching cervical dilation of 8 mm. Cervical dilatation was assessed at baseline & every three hours after each dose. A set of questionnaire was used for the appearance of side effects. Once 8 mm cervical dilatation achieved, suction evacuation was done. Total volume of blood lost at suction evacuation was measured.Results: Frequency of doses, induction to ripening interval & intra operative blood loss was significantly higher with isosorbide mononitrate as compared to misoprostol. Headache & palpitation were main side effects of isosorbide mononitrate. The percentages of successful & failed inductions were comparable in both the groups.Conclusions: Misoprostol is better cervical dilator prior to suction evacuation in first trimester embryonic demise with minimal side effects which are acceptable to the patient

Knowledge and factors affecting initiation of breast feeding in post-natal mothers in a tertiary care center

Background: The study was planned to evaluate awareness of breast feeding among mother, institutional quality indicators of early breast feeding. The objective was to know factors causing delay in breast feeding initiation, to assess knowledge, cultural practices, and quality indicators of hospital regarding breast feeding initiative.Methods: The observational study was conducted over a period of 3months from July 2017-Sept 2017 in a tertiary care centre of India. 118 postnatal mothers were interviewed for time of first breast feeding (dependent variable or outcome), and independent variables age, education , religion, parity, occupation of mother, antenatal visits, prelacteal feeds, customs of not breast feeding, duration of labour, mode of delivery, sedation, pain after delivery, baby over mother abdomen after birth, institutional quality indicators-knowledge of breast feeding given by doctor /nurses, relatives, self reading, mothers with correct attachment and position of baby during breast feeding and separation of mother and baby post delivery.Results: Mean time of initiation of breast feeding was 1340.262min after birth. Prelacteal feeds, lack of education, cesarean deliveries, parity of mother, sedation, anesthesia during cesarean and lack of counselling by staff nurses were found to have early increased time of initiation of breast feeding.Conclusions: Great lacuna in knowledge, attitude and practice of early breast feeding of mother

An Economic Assessment along the Jatropha-based Biodiesel Value Chain In India

The Government of India had launched the National Biofuel Mission in the year 2003 as an initiative to limit the country’s dependence on crude oil imports. An integral part of this mission is the Biodiesel Blending program and Jatropha, a tree-borne biodiesel yielding crop, is the cornerstone of the program. This study has been specifically designed to carry out economic assessment of the upcoming jatropha-based biodiesel value chain in the country. The study, based on primary data collected from three major jatropha growing states, has observed that jatropha cultivation is an economically viable proposition in the long-run as indicated by favourable values of net present value, internal rate of return and benefit cost ratio. Nevertheless, initial government support till attaining break even point is crucial to sustain the interest of the farmers. The jatropha seed processing industry has been found to be viable if operated at sufficient economies of scale, which in turn is determined by the level of backward integration with the seed market and a forward integration with biodiesel distribution channels. However, the existing biodiesel value chain in India lacks this integration and is characterized by under-developed seed markets, sub-optimal processing infrastructure and ill-defined biodiesel distribution channels. The involvement of corporate players to participate in processing and distribution activities has further delayed the program to take off. The study has cautioned that unless proactive orientation of all the stakeholders is ensured, the program may fail to meet its objectives, at least in the medium-term.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Adoption Behaviour of Improved Sugarcane Cultivation Practices among the Farmers of Gonda District of Uttar Pradesh

The present study is an attempt to assess the socio-economic characteristics and utilization level of source of Information in improved cultivation practices of sugarcane by the farmers of Gonda District in Uttar Pradesh. Sugarcane cultivation is not prominent in this area however a large number of farmers cultivate cash crop, due to availability of information or communication channel about package of practices. Primary data from 120 respondents were collected through face to face interview. Descriptive research design had been followed for the present study. Random and Purposive sampling had been used for the present study. Farmers had a highest utilization of information by friend, neighbor and relatives (83.34%), followed by radio i.e.75%.Majority of (48.33%) farmers had medium level of utilization, followed by 29.16% of farmers had high level utilization about improved cultivation practices of sugarcane. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.00

Effectiveness of UV-Visible Spectroscopy (with Multi-Mode Plate Reader) and ATR-FTIR for the Discrimination of Black Marker Inks

In the ambit of Forensic examination of the questioned documents, writing instruments often serve as an essential tool in disclosing the legitimacy of a document. In the present study, a total of 18 marker samples including 9 permanent and 9 whiteboard (commonly known as dry erase) markers of black color of different brands were purchased from the local market of district Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. UV-Visible spectroscopy with Multi-Mode Plate Reader and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were used for the discrimination of samples. In the case of permanent marker inks, peaks near 390-405 nm and at 570-585 nm were found to be more prominent and differentiating than that of the whiteboard marker inks. Qualitative comparative analysis of the permanent and the whiteboard black marker ink samples showed 97.2% and 91.6% DP respectively based on their UV-Vis. spectral responses. FTIR spectroscopy of whiteboard markers confirmed the presence of characteristic peak at 1743 cm-1 (C=O stretch) together with a doublet in the region 2920-2850 cm-1 corresponding to asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretch in almost all the whiteboard marker inks, whereas in case of permanent marker inks the former peak 1743 cm-1 was completely absent and the later appeared as a single peak around 2900 cm-1. The results obtained from ATR-FTIR was analyzed using multivariate techniques such as PCA and DFA. PCA was used for the segregation of samples into different groups, whereas DFA was used for the discrimination and classification of marker ink samples. DFA provided a correct classification of 88.9% of the marker ink samples analyzed by FTIR. It is concluded that Multi Mode Plate Reader can be used as a substantial tool for the discrimination of marker inks and was found to be fast and cost effective with high throughput. Moreover, ATR-FTIR results gave some additional information related to the chemical composition of the samples and provided better discrimination when coupled with chemometrics

Evaluation of clinical outcome of thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients in Western Rajasthan: a single centre experience

Background: Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in population above the age of 65 years. Severity and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increase with increasing age. Thrombolysis remains the standard of care in the management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in developing countries like India where primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still not possible in the majority of patients. The risks and benefits of thrombolytic reperfusion therapy among the elderly patients with STEMI is much less known. Authors aimed to evaluate the outcome and complications of thrombolytic therapy in elderly patients admitted with acute STEMI.Methods: The present observational study was done between January 2017 and January 2019 in the department of cardiology, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, India. It included a study group comprising 102 consecutive elderly patients who had acute STEMI and underwent thrombolytic therapy and a control group comprising 102 consecutive elderly patients who had STEMI who were not given thrombolytic therapy. Both groups were evaluated for an outcome (in-hospital mortality) and complications.Results: The overall in-hospital mortality was less in thrombolytic therapy group as compared to control group although not statistically significant (8.82% versus 14.70%, p=0.277). Similarly, in-hospital mortality was less in thrombolytic therapy subgroup A (age 66-74 years) as compared to control subgroup A (6.45% versus 10.75%, p=0.583) and also less in thrombolytic therapy subgroup B (age 75-85years) as compared to control subgroup B (12.50% versus 21.62%, p=0.445).  Among the traditional risk factors, co-morbid conditions and complications, there was less prevalence of diabetes mellitus (4.90% versus 15.68%, p=0.021), hypertension (5.88% versus 6.86%, p=1.000), cardiogenic shock (8.82% versus 9.80%, p=1.000), left ventricular failure (LVF) (0.98% versus 3.92%, p=0.365) and atrioventricular (AV) block (0% versus 4.90%, p=0.245) but more acute kidney injury (AKI) (2.94% versus 0%, p=0.070) in thrombolytic therapy group patients as compared to control group patients.  Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) did not occur in both group patients.Conclusion: Despite the higher prevalence of co-morbidities and high risk features in elderly patients of acute STEMI, timely thrombolysis is beneficial. A mortality benefit was seen in all groups suggesting net benefit regardless of increasing age up to the age of 85 years

Laparoscopic management of giant ovarian cyst in young woman: a case report

Giant ovarian cysts are very rare nowadays and were conventionally treated by full midline laparotomy. In recent years, the laparoscopic approach is also practiced but it needs a lot of expertise and only a few cases have been reported. As the surgical treatment of choice has become less invasive, laparoscopic surgery is considered more beneficial over laparotomy because of better cosmetic results, less blood loss, reduced postoperative analgesic requirement, early mobilization and faster discharge from the hospital and early resumption to normal day to day activity. We report a case of laparoscopic extirpation of a giant right ovarian cyst measuring 15 × 21 × 22 cm in young 24-year female