Assessment of diverse resources of ground water quality in Budaun district (U.P.), India

Ground water is one of most important source of the domestic water use. The water supply bodies’ i.e. Municipal Corporation Jal nigam, or Nagar nigam are mainly depends on the ground water resources of the area. In the light of all these facts the work was demonstrate in the Budaun city to access the current ground water quality of the city.The minimum to maximum temperature value was observed 20.4oC to 21.6 oC while pH value ranged between 7.0 to 7.5. The minimum to maximum Turbidity value was observed 4.1 to 4.6 NTU. The minimum to maximum Dissolve Oxygen value was observed 4.0 to 4.9mg/lit. The minimum to maximum TDS value was observed 335 to 369 mg/l. The minimum and maximum Total Hardness value was observed 119 and 135 mg/l. The minimum to maximum Calcium Hardness value was observed 64 to 75 mg/l. The minimum to maximum Magnesium Hardness value was observed 24 to 30 mg/l. The result comes out of study shows that the ground water is fit for consumption

Conversational AI for Natural Language Processing: An Review of ChatGPT

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI, which was introduced in 2019. It employs a transformer-based neural mesh to produce human being responses in real-time, allowing for natural language conversations with a machine. ChatGPT is instructed on huge quantities of data captured using the internet, making it knowledgeable in an extensive span of topics, from news & entertainment to politics and sports. This allows it to generate contextually relevant responses to questions and statements, making the conversation seem more lifelike. The model can be used in various applications, including customer service, personal assistants, and virtual assistants. ChatGPT has also shown promising results in generating creative content, such as jokes and poetry, showcasing its versatility and potential for future applications.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on ChatGPT, highlighting its key advantages, such as improved accuracy and flexibility compared to traditional NLP tools, as well as its limitations and the need for further research to address potential ethical concerns. The review also highlights the potential for ChatGPT to be used in NLP applications, including question-answering and dialogue generation, and highlights the need for further research and development in these areas

Complementary Feeding Patterns and Factors Affecting Timely Introduction in a Tribal Population: A Mixed-Methods Study

Introduction: About 29-60% of tribal children are underweight due to limited healthcare access. The Kols, a tribe in central India, face similar issues and our study will examine their complementary feeding practices. Methodology: A sequential explanatory mixed-method research design was conducted on 218 Kol tribe women in the Manikpur block of Chitrakoot district Uttar Pradesh. In the first phase, the quantitative interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and in the second phase, an in-depth interview of 20 Kol mothers was conducted using an interview guide. Results: About 52.3% of the women were aged between 26- 35 years, and about 83.9% were illiterate. About half of the children (n=116, 53.5%) were introduced to complementary feed at 6-8 months of age. The independent predictors of the timely initiation of complementary feeding were education (AOR: 2.422, p 0.037), age of the mothers (AOR: 1.2106, p 0.047) and the number of children of the mothers (AOR: 2.715 p 0.004) diet diversity was rarely maintained. Conclusion: Complementary feed was introduced timely for half of the tribal women but diet diversity was not maintained. Health education and counselling to utilize locally available food items should be encouraged

Effect of Transition Metal on Structural and Dielectric Properties of Mg_0.5Tm_0.5Fe₂O₄ (Tm = Zn and Cu) System

This study explored the structural and dielectric features of Mg0.5Tm0.5Fe2O4 (Tm = Zn and Cu) that were synthesized by the Solid-state reaction (SSR) method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the prepared samples are single-phase cubic structure without any impurity. Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction results reveal the formation of cubic structure and all the peaks of Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Mg0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 are perfectly indexed in the cubic (Fd-3 m) structure. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss variation with frequency were also explored. Both decrease when the relevant alternating field is increasing and become constant at high frequencies which reflects the important role of interfacial polarization. Furthermore, the Mg0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 having the smallest crystallite size (~ 44.73 nm) has a high dielectric constant (~ 4.41 × 104) value as compare to Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4

The Place of Fieldwork in Geography and Science Qualifications

1. The place of fieldwork in geography and science qualifications across the 14-19 age range remains contested, unclear and sometimes under threat. This report explores these issues and was informed by a one-day, invitation-only workshop that we ran at the behest of the Field Studies Council. 2. We focus on issues relevant for those countries that use GCSEs (General Certificates of Secondary Education) as qualifications for 14-16 year-olds and Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and General Certificate of Education Advanced (A) levels as qualifications for 16-19 year-olds. We hope that this report will also be of value to those working in other jurisdictions that have or are introducing fieldwork at school level. 3. Fieldwork, which can be defined as any curriculum component that involves leaving the classroom and engaging in teaching and learning activities through first-hand experience of phenomena out-of-doors, has a long tradition in geography and in certain of the sciences, notably biology and environmental science/studies. 4. In geography, learning in the ‘real world’ is thought to be absolutely essential, contributing particular qualities that run through geography’s identity as a subject discipline from primary education to undergraduate study. It expresses a commitment to exploration and enquiry, and geography’s concern to discover and to be curious about the world. 5. In the sciences too, fieldwork is crucial. It can be regarded as that sub-set of practical science that is particularly valuable for introducing students to investigating the complexity and messiness of the real world. 6. Despite its benefits for student learning and motivation, fieldwork is perceived by some school managers as expendable; desirable but not a core requirement. 7. High quality qualifications in geography at GCSE and AS/A level require that students have experienced, from start to finish, a first-hand geographical investigation of a specific aspect of the world. 8. In geography, the individual study should be the method of assessment of fieldwork at AS/A level. At GCSE, where the 2014 criteria provide no option but to assess fieldwork through terminal examination, the potential of enhancing the place of fieldwork in specifications in a way that invests in curriculum and pedagogic advancement should be examined further, for example through the use of moderated student portfolios. 9. In the sciences, at both GCSE and AS/A level, it is important that practical work, of which fieldwork is a unique component, is subject to high quality assessment. The use of moderated student portfolios for the assessment of fieldwork has many strengths and should be explored to see if it can be introduced as a component within formal, summative assessment. 10. The more widespread practice of excellent fieldwork in the sciences and geography will require enhanced initial teacher education and subsequent teacher professional development. It takes time to become a teacher who can ensure that students have an outstanding fieldwork experience

A Study on Concepts De-Laval Nozzle using CFD Tool

A device that is used to control the characteristics of fluid is known as a nozzle. Its primary function is to increase the fluid\u27s rate of motion. A traditional De-Laval nozzle will have three distinct parts: a throat, a converging section, and a diverging part. This paper will attempt to detail the bulk of the nozzle concepts developed by De Laval. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the nozzle\u27s operational philosophy. In addition, theoretical flow analysis is carried out at a number of locations along the length of the nozzle. The dynamic changes in flow parameters such as pressure, temperature, velocity, and density may be seen with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The use of CFD is also employed in the simulation of shockwaves

Problems Associated with Menstruation among School Going Adolescent Girls and Their Health-Seeking Behavior

Introduction: Start of menstruation among adolescent girls is a major concern, which leads to stress and physical conditions. Objectives: To find menstruation-related problems among the school-going adolescent girls and to assess their health-seeking behavior in relation to these problems.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2013 to December 2013 in a government higher secondary school of Pooth Khurd village in North West Delhi, near rural residential health training center of Maulana Azad Medical College. All adolescent girls who gave consent (196 girls) from class 7 to 10 of the selected government higher secondary school were included in the study. A predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used. One of the investigators explained the questions to the respondents. The data was entered in MS-Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test have been used for comparison between proportions. “P” value less than 0.05 is considered to be statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 15.31 (±1.35) years, with a range from 13 to 19 years. The mean age of menarche was 13.24 years, minimum reported age of onset of menarche was 10 years and maximum was 16 years. Out of 196 girls, 191 (97.4%) girls have attained menarche, while 57 (29.8%) girls complained of menstrual cycle-related problems, either in the form of irregular menstruation (47) or a current missing period in 10 girls.The school girls also experience a lot of somatic complaints during or just a day prior to onset of menstruation. It was found that a great number (21) of girls expressed their inability to perform simple daily activities owing to painful menstruation along with attending school and playing outdoor games.Only 28 girls (14.7%) would discuss menstrual problems with their mother who most of the time simply advises them to take rest. It was found that only few of them (14%) consult a doctor and few girls told they take self-medication (17.3%) during their painful menstruation

Two Dimensional CFD Analysis on Different Rocket Nozzles

The reduction of Earth-to-orbit launch costs in conjunction with an increase in launcher reliability and operational Efficiency is the key demands on future space transportation systems, like single-stage-to-orbit vehicles (SSTO). The realization of these vehicles strongly depends on the performance of the engines, which should deliver high performance with low system complexity. Performance data for rocket engines are practically always lower than the theoretically attainable values because of imperfections in the mixing, combustion, and expansion of the propellants. The main part of the project addresses different nozzle concepts with improvements in performance as compared to conventional nozzles achieved by Different Mach numbers, thus, by minimizing losses caused by over- or under expansion. The design of different nozzle shapes and flow simulation is done in gambit and fluent software’s respectively for various parameter