Growth, Characterization, Vortex Pinning and Vortex Flow Properties of Single Crystals of Iron Chalcogenide Superconductor FeCr0.02_{0.02}Se

We report the growth and characterization of single crystals of iron chalcogenide superconductor FeCr$_{0.02}$Se. There is an enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature (T$_{\rm c}$) as compared to the T$_{\rm c}$ of the single crystals of the parent compound Fe$_{1+x}$Se by about 25%. The superconducting parameters such as the critical fields, coherence length, penetration depth and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter have been estimated for these single crystals. Analysis of the critical current data suggests a fluctuation in electronic mean free path induced ($\delta l$) pinning mechanism in this material. Thermally activated transport across the superconducting transition in the presence of external magnetic fields suggests a crossover from a single vortex pinning regime at low fields to a collective flux creep regime at higher magnetic fields. The nature of charge carriers in the normal state estimated from the Hall effect and thermal transport measurements could provide crucial information on the mechanism of superconductivity in Fe-based materials.Comment: 2 additional figures, additional discussion on nature of charge carrier

Orthodontic Treatment Need among Nepalese High School Students

Objective: To assess the need for orthodontic treatment among Nepalese high school students. Material and Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample comprises 938 children (537 males and 401 females) with an age group above 14 years. The subjects were selected voluntarily from seven different schools of Kathmandu valley using a multistage sampling technique. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need comprises two components: Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC). Two trained and calibrated examiners performed the oral examination. Results: On analysis of the DHC component, it was found that 21% had no need, 18.1% had mild/little need, 24.3% had moderate/borderline need, 35.8% had severe need, and 0.7% had extreme treatment need. Similarly on analysis of AC component, it was found that 33% were AC-1, 30.8% were AC-2, 7.2% were AC-3, 8.2% were AC-4, 2.1% were AC-5, 3.6% were AC-6, 1.8% were AC-7, 7.4% were AC-8, 1.8% were AC-9, and 3.9% were AC-10. Conclusion: The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need can be used as a tool for planning dental health resources and prioritizing the treatment need of different populations

Direct limit of matrix ordered spaces

In this paper we initiate the study of ordered f-bimodules as the inductive limit of matrix ordered spaces

Genetic diversity analysis of Nardostachys jatamansi DC, an endangered medicinal plant of Central Himalaya, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

The genetic diversity analysis of eight populations of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. collected from different altitude of Central Himalaya has been attempted using 24 sets of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. These sets of RAPD marker generated a total of 346 discernible and reproducible bands across the analysed population with 267 polymorphic and 75 monomorphic bands. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters: I, II and III. The cluster I was represented by N. jatamansi population collected from Panwali Kantha (3200 m asl) and Kedarnath (3584 m asl), India together with Jumla (2562 m asl) from Nepal. Cluster II included collections from Har Ki Doon (3400 m asl) and Tungnath (3600 m asl) from India while Cluster III was represented by collections from Munsiyari (2380 m asl), Dayara (3500 m asl) and Valley of Flowers (3400 m asl) from India. The clustering of these populations was independent of variations in altitude and geographical locations. The genetic variations observed in different populations of Jatamansi might be due to environmental influences (biotic and abiotic), rather than altitude level differences. The abiotic (geographical or climatic differentiation) and biotic (pollination between population and seed dispersal) factors might be responsible for the genetic variations among these accessions of Jatamansi.Keywords: Genetic diversity, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Nardostachys jatamansi, Central Himalaya, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(20), pp. 2816-282