Work Function Engineered Charge Plasma-Germanium Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor for Low-Power Switching Applications

Here, we propose a Charge Plasma (CP)-based Germanium Double Gate Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (Ge-DGTFET) device structure, where a CP is induced in the heavily doped source region using the work function engineering of source electrode. The CP enables creation of electrical metallurgical junction and converts n-p-n to p-n-p-n structure of TFET and enhances the drain current, reliability, eliminate additional pocket ion-implantation. The proposed CP-Ge-DGTFET device structure revealed excellent electrical DC performance as compared to the conventional Ge-DGTFET device structure such as high ON current (ION), excellent ION/IOFF ratio, and low sub-threshold swing of ~4.7E-4 A/um, ~1.8E9, and ~5.23 mV/dec, respectively. Furthermore, analog/RF analyses revealed high transconductance, upright cut-off frequency, low overall capacitance, transit time, and power delay product. Therefore, the proposed CP-Ge-DGTFET device structure with alternate channel material Ge, High-\k{appa} Al2O3, and work function engineered CP in source region furnishes high performance and cost-effective solution for next-generation energy-efficient switching applications.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure

Effect of waterlogging tolerance in wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) at ear emergence stage on growth, biochemical and yield parameters in sodic soil

Globally more than one-third of the irrigated area is under waterlogging which limits our wheat production and out of which northern Indo-Gangetic plains of India alone had 2.5 million ha affected by irregular waterlogging. So, to meet out the food demand of ever-growing population we have to find some alternates to harness the potential of the waterlogged area. With this point of view this investigation was conducted to study the changes in growth and biochemical behavior of wheat due to waterlogging at ear emergence stage in sodic soil and also to assess the traits conferring higher yield at experimental site of department of crop physiology, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), India. The results showed that the genotypic variability exists for waterlogging tolerance in wheat varieties evaluated under investigation. HD-2009 which is susceptible to waterlogging gave poor performance in terms of growth parameters, biochemical behavior and traits conferring higher yield under waterlogging conditions at ear head emergence stage in sodic soil as compared to HD-2851, KRL-3-4 and KRL-99 wheat varieties. KRL-99 (1.80g yield plant-1) gave best results followed KRL-3-4 (1.37g yield plant-1) by under waterlogged conditions at ear head emergence stage in sodic soil

Carotid intimal medial thickness in children with celiac disease

Introduction: Increasing cardiovascular risk in celiac disease (CD) may be attributed to the chronic systemic inflammation and unfavorable biochemical profile leading to accelerated atherosclerosis. Carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) has emerged as a direct marker of the early atherosclerosis as compared to traditional biochemical markers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the CIMT in children with CD aged 1–16 years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Pediatrics and Radio Diagnosis in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi. Thirty-six children with CD with age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. CIMT for the anterior and posterior walls on each side was measured, and the mean CIMT was obtained for all the enrolled children. Results: The mean right-sided CIMT was significantly higher in cases (0.053±0.009 cm vs. 0.039±0.007 cm, p=0.000). The mean left-sided CIMT did not significantly differ between the groups (0.051±0.009 cm vs. 0.048±0.055 cm, p=0.702). The mean CIMT (right and left together), although higher in Celiacs, was not significantly different from controls (0.052±0.008 cm and 0.044±0.029 cm, p=0.114). However, a significant positive correlation between the age of the patients, age at the onset of symptoms, and CIMT was noted. Conclusion: Although we could not demonstrate statistically significant results, the mean CIMT and the right-sided measurements were significantly higher in cases than in controls

Polymorphic Signature of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2,2′- {[1,2-Phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(sulfanediyl)}bis(4,6- dimethylnicotinonitrile)

Weak noncovalent interactions are the basic forces in crystal engineering. Polymorphism in flexible molecules is very common, leading to the development of the crystals of same organic compounds with different medicinal and material properties. Crystallization of 2,2′- {[1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(sulfanediyl)}bis(4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile) by evaporation at room temperature from ethyl acetate and hexane and from methanol and ethyl acetate gave stable polymorphs 4a and 4b, respectively, while in acetic acid, it gave metastable polymorph 4c. The polymorphic behavior of the compound has been visualized through singlecrystal X-ray and Hirshfeld analysis. These polymorphs are tested for anti-inflammatory activity via the complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced rat paw model, and compounds have exhibited moderate activities. Studies of docking in the catalytic site of cyclooxygenase-2 were used to identify potential anti-inflammatory lead compounds. These results suggest that the supramolecular aggregate structure, which is formed in solution, influences the solid state structure and the biological activity obtained upon crystallization

Green synthesized ZnO/NiO heterostructures based quick responsive LPG sensor for the detection of below LEL with DFT calculations

The current research work reports on the detection of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at room temperature. The ZnO/NiO heterostructure was synthesized via green method and characterized by various techniques. The surface morphological and structural analysis has been performed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of ZnO/NiO and existing hexagonal (ZnO) and cubic (NiO) crystal structures. The optical properties were analyzed by UV–visible spectroscopy and optical band gap of ZnO, NiO and ZnO/NiO were found to be 3.62 eV, 3.81 eV and 3.71 eV respectively. The DFT analysis was performed by B3LYP/LAN2DZ basis set with the interaction from LPG of ZnO, NiO and ZnO/NiO composite for better understanding of the sensing characteristics of devices. The ZnO, NiO, and ZnO/NiO were investigated for the detection of the LPG from below lower explosion limit (LEL) i.e. 0.5 vol% to 2.5 vol%. Sensor response of ZnO/NiO heterostructure-based sensor was found 7.72 at 2.5 vol% which is 2.6 times higher than pure ZnO and NiO. The fast response and recovery times of ZnO/NiO were found to 7.83 s and 11.01 s, respectively at 0.5 vol% LPG. Also, the ZnO/NiO is highly selective for LPG in comparison to other analytes like ethanol, acetone, ammonia, and CO2 etc. Thus ZnO/NiO heterostructures can be effectively used for the detection of LPG at room temperature against below LEL

Design and fabrication of quick responsive and highly sensitive LPG sensor using ZnO/SnO2 heterostructured film

Highly efficient LPG sensor working at room temperature was developed using a simple and cost-effective route. For this purpose, ZnO/SnO _2 heterostructure was synthesized using the hydrothermal route and thin films of the material were prepared. X-ray Diffraction revealed all the crystal parameters including grain size, texture coefficient, dislocation densities, surface area which are necessary for a sensor. Also, particle size, zeta potential, and conductivity were observed using nanozetasizer. Heterojunctions at the surface of the film were viewed by Scanning electron microscopy. An optical band-gap of ∼3.85 eV was measured using UV–vis absorption spectrum. Further, the film was used as room ambient sensor for different concentrations of LPG. Among them, the best sensor response and sensitivity of 276.51 and 3.78 respectively were obtained for 2.0 vol% of LPG whereas minimum response and recovery time of 10 s and 15 s were obtained for 0.5 vol% of LPG

Hydrothermally Synthesized ZnSnO3 Nanoflakes Based Low-Cost Sensing Device for High Performance CO2 Monitoring

This work reports a room temperature operative ZnSnO _3 nanoflakes-based CO _2 gas sensor. The perovskite ZnSnO _3 nanoflakes are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal technique. The prepared material was characterized via XRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, and DLS measurement for confirming the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical properties, and size distribution. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that ZnSnO _3 was in the orthorhombic phase and average crystallite size examined by the Scherrer formula was 8.05 nm. Optical studies were done by the UV–vis spectroscopy and a direct optical band gap was found to be 3.27 eV. The surface morphology of ZnSnO _3 was found to nanoflakes are almost uniform dimensions. The fabricated sensor device of ZnSnO _3 detected the CO _2 gas at room temperature (RT) for different concentrations. The best sensor response was found to be 4.93 for 1000 ppm of CO _2 whereas at 200 ppm the response and recovery times were found to be 5.92 s and 7.23 s respectively. HOMO-LUMO gap energy of ZnSnO _3 without and with interaction from CO _2 molecule was found 1.165 eV and 1.577 eV, respectively. DFT studies are used for a better understanding of sensing mechanisms

Design and Development of Paper/ZnO–SnO2 Heterostructured Ultra-Fast TENG Based LPG Sensor

This work establishes a very simple and economical preparation of paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered LPG sensing. Magnification in the output of TENG was achieved by ZnO/SnO _2 synthesized by hydrothermal. This material has been thoroughly characterized through XRD, UV, FESEM, FTIR, and Nanozetasizer. The average crystallite size of the heterostructure was obtained as 17.59 nm. Bandgap of ZnO/SnO _2 material was found as 3.49 eV. FESEM exhibits that present heterostructure material exhibits spherical nature with lots of voids on the film surface. From Nanozetasizer, the diameter of particles resides between the range 50–80 nm with an average particle size as 63.23 nm. The fabricated TENG generates a maximum output voltage of ∼75 volts which is more than the output of paper-based TENG. This TENG was used as a power source to operate a resistive LPG sensing film. The maximum response of 24 and minimum response-recovery times of 120–135 ms were observed, which makes this LPG sensing device ultra-fast