Eco-bio-social research on community-based approaches for Chagas disease vector control in Latin America

This article provides an overview of three research projects which designed and implemented innovative interventions for Chagas disease vector control in Bolivia, Guatemala and Mexico. The research initiative was based on sound principles of community-based ecosystem management (ecohealth), integrated vector management, and interdisciplinary analysis. The initial situational analysis achieved a better understanding of ecological, biological and social determinants of domestic infestation. The key factors identified included: housing quality; type of peridomestic habitats; presence and abundance of domestic dogs, chickens and synanthropic rodents; proximity to public lights; location in the periphery of the village. In Bolivia, plastering of mud walls with appropriate local materials and regular cleaning of beds and of clothes next to the walls, substantially decreased domestic infestation and abundance of the insect vector Triatoma infestans. The Guatemalan project revealed close links between house infestation by rodents and Triatoma dimidiata, and vector infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. A novel community-operated rodent control program significantly reduced rodent infestation and bug infection. In Mexico, large-scale implementation of window screens translated into promising reductions in domestic infestation. A multi-pronged approach including community mobilisation and empowerment, intersectoral cooperation and adhesion to integrated vector management principles may be the key to sustainable vector and disease control in the affected regions.Fil: Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Yadón, Zaida E.. Pan American Health Organization; Estados Unido

A Scientometric Evaluation of the Chagas Disease Implementation Research Programme of the PAHO and TDR

The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) is an independent global programme of scientific collaboration cosponsored by the United Nations Children?s Fund, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, and the World Health Organization. TDR?s strategy is based on stewardship for research on infectious diseases of poverty, empowerment of endemic countries, research on neglected priority needs, and the promotion of scientific collaboration influencing global efforts to combat major tropical diseases. In 2001, in view of the achievements obtained in the reduction of transmission of Chagas disease through the Southern Cone Initiative and the improvement in Chagas disease control activities in some countries of the Andean and the Central American Initiatives, TDR transferred the Chagas Disease Implementation Research Programme (CIRP) to the Communicable Diseases Unit of the Pan American Health Organization (CD/PAHO). This paper presents a scientometric evaluation of the 73 projects from 18 Latin American and European countries that were granted by CIRP/PAHO/TDR between 1997 and 2007. We analyzed all final reports of the funded projects and scientific publications, technical reports, and human resource training activities derived from them. Results about the number of projects funded, countries and institutions involved, gender analysis, number of published papers in indexed scientific journals, main topics funded, patents inscribed, and triatomine species studied are presented and discussed. The results indicate that CIRP/PAHO/TDR initiative has contributed significantly, over the 1997?2007 period, to Chagas disease knowledge as well as to the individual and institutional-building capacity.Fil: Carbajal de la Fuente, Ana Laura. Leishmaniasis Transmitters Laboratory. Oswaldo Cruz Institute. FIOCRUZ; Brasil; Consejo Nacional de Invest. Científ.y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Bs. As; Argentina;Fil: Yadón, Zaida E.. Communicable Diseases Unit. Health Surveillance. Disease Prevention and Control. Pan American Health Organization; Estados Unidos de América

La eco-epidemiología retrospectiva como herramienta aplicada a la vigilancia de la leishmaniasis en Misiones, Argentina, 1920-2014

Se presenta una metodología analítica retrospectiva, basada en el marco teórico de la ecoepidemiología, anclada en una escala espacial subnacional. Esta metodología, aplicada aquí a la caracterización de escenarios de transmisión de la leishmaniasis en la provincia argentina de Misiones —fronteriza con Brasil y Paraguay— permitió fundamentar recomendaciones de vigilancia y control apropiadas a dicha escala. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura sobre leishmaniasis en esa provincia y se determinaron tres escenarios de transmisión de leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) y visceral (LV), correspondientes a tres períodos: 1920-1997, en el que se constató la transmisión de LC, dispersa en el tiempo y el espacio; 1998-2005, en el que hubo brotes focales de LC; y 2006-2014 en el que, además, se registraron brotes y se documentó la dispersión geográfica de la LV. Para caracterizar los escenarios de riesgo y los procesos antrópicos que los producen, los resultados se sintetizaron e integraron en el contexto socio-histórico y bio-ecológico de cada período analizado. Se fundamentan recomendaciones de vigilancia y control en el territorio estudiado, entre ellas, establecer una vigilancia activa para monitorear posibles tendencias al incremento de la circulación parasitaria y vectorial y, ante la aparición de un foco, realizar estudios para verificar la transmisión autóctona y la intensidad del evento. Además, se debe establecer la obligación legal de tomar medidas adicionales de control por los responsables de los proyectos que impliquen modificación ambiental, como la realización de estudios de evaluación del riesgo de transmisión, y acciones de mitigación del riesgo, detección temprana y tratamiento oportuno de los casos.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; ArgentinaFil: Mastrangelo, Andrea Veronica. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Santini, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Endemo-epidémicas; ArgentinaFil: Liotta, Domingo Javier. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Yadón, Zaida Estela. Organización Panamericana de la Salud; Brasi

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997

Fil: Toro, Jorge. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Vega, Jeanette D. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Khan, Ali S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Mills, James N. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Padula, Paula. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Terry, William. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yadón, Zaida. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Valderrama, Rosa. Aysen Region XI Health Service; Chile.Fil: Ellis, Barbara A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pavletic, Carlos. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Cerda, Rodrigo. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Zaki, Sherif. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wun-Ju, Shieh. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Meyer, Richard. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Tapia, Mauricio. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Mansilla, Carlos. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Baro, Michel. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Vergara, Jose A. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Concha, Marisol. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Calderón, Gladys. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Enria, Delia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Peters, C.J. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Ksiazek, Thomas G. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.An outbreak of 25 cases of Andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was recognized in southern Chile from July 1997 through January 1998. In addition to the HPS patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. Epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. Ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997

Fil: Toro, Jorge. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Vega, Jeanette D. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Khan, Ali S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Mills, James N. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Padula, Paula. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Terry, William. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Yadón, Zaida. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Valderrama, Rosa. Aysen Region XI Health Service; Chile.Fil: Ellis, Barbara A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Pavletic, Carlos. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Cerda, Rodrigo. Pan American Health Organization; Chile.Fil: Zaki, Sherif. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Wun-Ju, Shieh. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Meyer, Richard. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Tapia, Mauricio. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Mansilla, Carlos. Coyhaique Regional Hospital; Chile.Fil: Baro, Michel. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Vergara, Jose A. Llanchipal Health Services; Chile.Fil: Concha, Marisol. Ministry of Health; Chile.Fil: Calderón, Gladys. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Enria, Delia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr. Julio Maiztegui; Argentina.Fil: Peters, C.J. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.Fil: Ksiazek, Thomas G. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados Unidos.An outbreak of 25 cases of Andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was recognized in southern Chile from July 1997 through January 1998. In addition to the HPS patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. Epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. Ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area

Species of triatomines studied by projects funded by CIRP/PAHO/TDR, 1997–2007 period.

<p>Legends: Tdi=<i>Triatoma dimidiata</i>; Tin=<i>T. infestans</i>; Rpr=<i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>; Rpa=<i>R. pallescens</i>; Pme=<i>Panstrongylus megistus</i>; Tps=<i>T. pseudomaculata</i>; Rro=<i>R. robustus</i>; Rpi=<i>R. pictipes</i>; Tso=<i>T. sordida</i>. Other species with one project funded: <i>T. vitticeps</i>, <i>T. maculata, T. longipennis</i>, <i>P. geniculatus</i>, <i>R. pictipes, R. ecuadoriensis</i>, and <i>R. colombiensis</i>.</p

Projects funded and proportion of published articles in indexed scientific journals by countries, CIRP/PAHO/TDR (1997–2007).

<p>Projects funded and proportion of published articles in indexed scientific journals by countries, CIRP/PAHO/TDR (1997–2007).</p

Number of studies identified and retrieved from PubMed using the parameter "triatom*," 1997–2010 period.

<p>Number of studies identified and retrieved from PubMed using the parameter "triatom*," 1997–2010 period.</p

Number of scientific articles derived from proposals to CIRP/PAHO/TDR, 1997–2007.

<p>5-YIF=5-year impact factor, N=number of scientific articles published, ISSN=International Serial Standard Number,</p>a<p>Journals not indexed in the Web of Knowledge databases.</p>*<p>Without 5-year impact factor, values correspond to impact factor of 2010.</p