Richard Lyons: The Rise and Fall of the 14th Century English Royal Financier

The article is dedicated to Richard Lyons, a London wine merchant, royal financier and politician. The results of the analysis of documentary, narrative sources, as well as modern scientific literature are presented. Richard's activity is shown against the background of the political and socio-economic history of England in the fourteenth century. The problem of the origin of the merchant, his early activities is raised, his participation in solving the financial and economic problems of the state in the 1370s is considered. It raises the question of the death of R. Lyons during the Wat Tyler revolt in connection with the attitude of the British towards foreigners, in particular the Flemings, and the internal political struggle of the “old” and “new” patriots of London. The author dwells on the analysis of the merchant’s business interests and his property status. Particular attention is paid to the "Good Parliament", at a meeting of which the House of Commons accused the government of military failure in England, condemned corruption at court and demanded to punish those responsible, including R. Lyons. The reasonability of indictment, the degree of guilt of those convicted by the parliament are analyzed. It is shown that the arrest of the royal financier was not only the result of the offenses that took place, but also the payment for the failures in the domestic and foreign policy of the entire corrupt royal authority

English Financiers of the Middle of the XIV Century: Features and Results of Activity

The article examines the features of the country’s economic and political development in the second third of the XIV century through the prism of analyzing the activities of famous representatives of the commercial and financial stratum of England. The results of the study of documentary, narrative sources, as well as modern scientific literature are presented. It is noted that the process of capital accumulation by English merchants accelerated in the conditions of the Hundred Years War. The features of the development of trade, credit, customs service are indicated. The relationship of the royal financiers with the parliament and the broad commercial stratum is analyzed. The participation of influential merchants in the financing of military campaigns conducted by Edward III in continental Europe is considered. Particular attention is paid to W. de la Paul and J. Poutney, who were the leaders of the merchant class. The reasons for the bankruptcy of taxation companies in the second half of the 1340s are investigated. The lawsuits against W. de la Paul, J. Poutney, W. Chiriton and T. Swenland are touched upon. It is shown that the bankruptcies and arrests of royal usurers were caused by the complexity of the implementation of government tasks. It is concluded that the economic and political successes of England were achieved largely thanks to the wealthy merchants

Social Well-Being of Higher School Teachers: Social Context and Measurement Criteria

The article is considered the problem of the university teachers’ social well-being, that is connected with significant and continuous changes in the social context of the development of the high education institution. Two issues are raised: about the complicated situation (context) and negative determinants impact on the teachers social well-being, and, accordingly, about the relevant criteria for measuring the social well-being in the studied professional group under the current conditions. It is explained that the complex social context and the observed changes in the teachers social well-being are determined by the ratio of objective and subjective factors: the increase in the number of risks and the rapid development of society affect not only the teachers’ status, but also how they aware themselves in these conditions. To confirm the thesis about a possible decrease in social well-being against the background of everincreasing social threats, the results of a sociological survey conducted at the Novosibirsk State Technical University using the questionnaire method (n = 327) are presented. According to these results, most teachers get satisfaction from their work and, above all, work with students, but the frequent changes in the concepts of higher education and emergence of external threats negatively affect the state of social well-being. Although slightly more than half “probably wouldn’t change” their profession for any other, not everyone can fully adapt to the new and constantly changing higher education system requirements. The positive socio-psychological climate in the subdivisions acts as a protective barrier against external threats. In general, the results obtained give reason to think about the need to monitor the state of social well-being of teachers in the process of modernizing the higher education system and create appropriate conditions for successful scientific and educational activities

Electrical discharges in the atmosphere of Venus

Data received from Venera 11 and 12 experiments involving the electrical activity of the atmosphere of Venus show that the electrical discharges occur in the cloud layer. Their energy is roughly the same as in terrestrial lightning, but with a pulse repetition frequency of the discharges which is much greater

Порівняння сироваткового та плазмового гомеостазу в динаміці фармакотерапії різними комбінаціями препаратів у літніх пацієнтів з первинною артеріальною гіпертензією II стадії у поєданні з ішемічною хворобою серця = Comparison of serum and plasma homeostasis in dynamic of pharmacotherapy with different combinations in elderly patients with primary hypertension II stage and ischemic heart disease

Shtanko V. A., Tofan N. V., Yablonskaya V. B. Порівняння сироваткового та плазмового гомеостазу в динаміці фармакотерапії різними комбінаціями препаратів у літніх пацієнтів з первинною артеріальною гіпертензією II стадії у поєданні з ішемічною хворобою серця = Comparison of serum and plasma homeostasis in dynamic of pharmacotherapy with different combinations in elderly patients with primary hypertension II stage and ischemic heart disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(2):283-292. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.46670http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3405https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/717179 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.01.2016. Revised 12.02.2016. Accepted: 27.02.2016.  Порівняння сироваткового та плазмового гомеостазу в динаміці фармакотерапії різними комбінаціями препаратів у літніх пацієнтів з первинною артеріальною гіпертензією II стадії у поєданні з ішемічною хворобою серця В. А. Штанько, Н. В. Тофан, В. Б. Яблонська Одеський національний медичний університет, Одеса РезюмеВ даному дослідженні розглянута проблема покращення ефективності фармакотерапії шляхов вивчення сироваткових та плазмових гомеостатичних зсувів на фоні різних комбінацій препаратів у пацієнтів літнього віку з первинною артеріальною гіпертензією II стадії та ішемічною хворобою серця. За допомогою методу ЛКС-метрії виявлені та охарактеризовані особливості спектральної картини при застосуванні трьох комбінацій препаратів у пацієнтів з вищезазначеною паталогією. Ключові слова: гомеостаз, фармакотерапія, первинна артеріальна гіпертензія, ішемічна хвороба серця, лазерна кореляційна спектроскопія      Comparison of serum and plasma homeostasis in dynamic of pharmacotherapy with different combinations in elderly patients with primary hypertension II stage and ischemic heart disease V. A. Shtanko, N. V. Tofan, V. B. Yablonskaya  Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine SummaryIn this investigation problem of pharmacotherapy efficacy improvement was observed by mean of studying plasma and serum homeostatic alterations under the influence of different combinations in elderly with primary hypertension II stage combined with ischemic heart disease.For this aim 60 elder patients were examined and treated in the University Clinic of Odessa National Medical University. Mean age of the patients was 67.2±3.8 years. Depending on prescribed treatment regimen (TR) all the patients were divided into 3 groups: lisinopril, cardiomagnil – TR I; lisinopril, bisoprolol, cardiomagnil – TR II; lisinopril, bisoprolol, indapamide, cardiomagnil – TR III. N=20 in all the groups. Laser correlation spectrometry (LCS) was special biophysical investigation method. Blood serum and plasma were investigated biomaterial. TR I led to increase of intoxication processes in both investigated liquids – serum and plasma. TR II was effective in decrease of catabolic reactions and increase of anabolic ones in plasma, but in serum it caused decrease of anabolic alterations. TR III improved serum homeostasis condition, while in plasma anabolic reactions increased but in the same time was revealed growth of intoxication processes.LCS is rather sensitive method in reflection of  blood serum and plasma homeostatic condition as before the treatment as after it. It allows reveal features of spectral picture after usage of specific combination. For further confirmation of informative capacity of the method must be found out associations of the LCS results with other laboratory investigations. Keywords: homeostasis, pharmacotherapy, primary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, laser correlation spectrometry.stasis, pharmacotherapy, primary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, laser correlation spectrometry

Contemporary aproach to correction of dysautonomia in Parkinsonian patients

Autonomic disorders refer to non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease. Appropriately correction of autonomic symptoms allows to diminish risk of complications, and to delay appearance of disability. This measures improve quality of life in patients. Objective: to estimate spectrum of clinical spectrum of dysautonomia in parkinsonian patients, to evaluate its effects on quality of life in parkinsonian patients, and to develop individualized approaches to correction of autonomic disorders. We performed a observational study of 93 parkinsonian patients. Motor symptoms was evaluated using Hoehn-Yahr scale, UPDRS (part III); autonomic disorders was evaluated by means of O.S. Levine scale, A.M. Korshunov scale, SCOPA-AUT; quality of life was evaluated using PDQ-39. Autonomic disorders was presented by gastrointestinal (90,3%) and cardiovascular (87,1 %) disorders, thermoregulation (77,4%) and urination disorders (75,3%), cutaneous disorders (50,5%), pupillary reactivity disorders (22,6%). Significant autonomic disorders had sufficient influence in quality of patients life (p<0,05). Patient-specific correction of autonomic symptoms diminished its improved quality of life in patients.Вегетативные нарушения у больных болезнью Паркинсона относятся к немотрным симптомам заболевания, своевременная и адекватная коррекция которых позволяет снизить риск развития возможных осложнений, отсрочить возникновение тяжелой инвалидизации и повысить качество жизни пациентов. Цель исследования: определить спектр клинических симптомов вегетативных расстройств у больных болезнью Паркинсона, оценить их влияние на качества жизни больных и разработать индивидуальные подходы к коррекции вегетативных нарушений. Было обследовано 93 больных болезнью Паркинсона. Двигательные симптомы оценивались по шкале Хен-Яра и шкале UPDRS (III часть); вегетативные расстройства - по шкале О.С. Левина, шкале А.М. Коршунова, SC0PA-AUT; качество жизни - по шкале PDQ-39. Вегетативные нарушения у больных болезнью Паркинсона были представлены гастроинтестинальными (90,3%) и кардиоваскулярными (87,1%) расстройствами, нарушениями терморегуляции (77,4%) и мочеиспускания (75,3%), кожно-трофическими расстройствами (50,5%), нарушениями зрачковых реакций (22,6%). Выраженное снижение качества жизни отмечалось у больных болезнью Паркинсона с тяжелыми вегетативными симптомами (р<0,05). Применение индивидуальной коррекции вегетативных нарушений уменьшает выраженность вегетативных симптомов и улучшает качество жизни больных болезнью Паркинсона

Natural chain-breaking antioxidants and their synthetic analogs as modulators of oxidative stress

Oxidative stress is associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species or with a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic defense. The penetration of oxygen and free radicals in the hydrophobic interior of biological membranes initiates radical disintegration of the hydrocarbon “tails” of the lipids. This process is known as “lipid peroxidation”, and the accumulation of the oxidation products as peroxides and the alde-hydes and acids derived from them are often used as a measure of oxidative stress levels. In total, 40 phenolic antioxidants were selected for a comparative study and analysis of their chain-breaking antioxidant activity, and thus as modulators of oxidative stress. This included natural and natural-like ortho-methoxy and ortho-hydroxy phenols, nine of them newly synthesized. Applied experimental and theoretical methods (bulk lipid autoxidation, chemiluminescence, in silico methods such as density functional theory (DFT) and quantitative structure–activity relationship ((Q)SAR) modeling) were used to clarify their structure–activity relationship. Kinetics of non-inhibited and inhibited lipid oxidation in close connection with inhibitor transformation under oxidative stress is considered. Special attention has been paid to chemical reactions resulting in the initiation of free radicals, a key stage of oxidative stress. Effects of substituents in the side chains and in the phenolic ring of hydroxylated phenols and biphenols, and the concentration were discussed