Analysis of the Epizootiological Situation in the Amur Region in Autumn, 2013 Formed under the Influence of High Water over the Small Mammals

Objective of the work was to estimate the number and state of the small mammal populations after the summer flood, 2013 in the territory of the Amur Region and make short-term forecasting of the epidemiological situation development. Carried out was small animals capturing using Gero traps with bread as a bait. Epizootiological surveillance in August-September 2013 indicated that the numbers of small mammals did not differ from the average annual rates, but the process of active reproduction in the populations was being underway. In October-November a sharp increase in the animal abundance rate was registered, reproduction process terminated. Large-scale flooding resulted in the formation of local settlements with a high animal density. Stress, aggressiveness and food ration change along with seasonal migration of rodents into human buildings predetermined epizootiological and epidemiological premises for onset of natural-focal infections. Therewith the conclusion was made up that it was necessary to perform epizootiological monitoring of the small mammal populations and realization of measures aimed at the rodent extermination in human settlements in 2014

Анализ экспрессии матричной РНК панели генов морфологически неизмененного эпителия прямой кишки как метод ранней диагностики патологии толстой кишки

Introduction. The absence of specific clinical symptoms in the early stages of colorectal cancer development leads to the fact that a quarter of patients who seek help for the first time have a metastatic stage of the disease. For the timely detection of pre-tumor disorders or hidden foci of malignancy, the possibilities of modern molecular biological technologies are being actively studied today.Aim. To develop a method for diagnosing tumor diseases of the colon based on molecular genetic analysis of morphologically unchanged intestinal epithelium distant from the focus of the tumor lesion.Materials and methods. We examined the matrix RNA (mRNA)  expression profile of 63 candidate genes potentially associated with the pathogenesis of neoplastic changes in rectal mucosal samples. Samples were obtained during prophylactic and/or diagnostic video colonoscopy of 122 patients, 41 of whom had no history of breast cancer (“Normal”), 32 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer polyps (“Polyposis”) and 49 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer (“colorectal cancer”). mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results. Using the discriminant analysis method, it was established that  the cellular material of scrapings from the rectum in the “colorectal cancer” group reliably, with a classification accuracy above 96 %, differs in expression phenotype from the “Normal” and “Polyposis” groups.Conclusion. The data obtained are a prerequisite for the development of a minimally invasive diagnostic method that can be used as part of an outpatient  examination to assess the risk of colon tumor disease.Введение. Отсутствие специфических  клинических симптомов на ранних стадиях развития колоректального рака приводит к тому, что четверть пациентов, впервые обращающихся за помощью, имеют метастатическую стадию заболевания. Для своевременного обнаружения предопухолевых нарушений или скрытых очагов малигнизации сегодня активно изучаются возможности современных молекулярно-биологических технологий.Цель исследования – разработка метода диагностики опухолевых заболеваний толстой кишки на основе молекулярно-генетического анализа морфологически неизмененного кишечного эпителия, отдаленного от очага опухолевого поражения.Материалы и методы. Исследован профиль экспрессии матричной РНК (мРНК) 63 генов-кандидатов, потенциально связанных с патогенезом неопластических изменений, в образцах слизистой оболочки прямой кишки. Образцы получены в ходе профилактической и/или диагностической видеоколоноскопии 122 пациентов, из которых у 41 в анамнезе не было заболеваний толстой кишки (группа «Норма»), у 32 – установлен диагноз «полипы толстой кишки» (группа «полипоз»), у 49 – диагноз «карцинома толстой кишки» (группа «колоректальный рак»). Экспрессию мРНК оценивали методом полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией.Результаты. С помощью дискриминантного  анализа установлено, что клеточный материал соскобов из прямой кишки в группе колоректального рака достоверно, с точностью выше 96 %, отличается  по экспрессионному фенотипу от групп нормы и полипоза.Заключение. Полученные данные являются предпосылкой к разработке малоинвазивного метода диагностики, который может быть использован в рамках амбулаторного обследования для оценки риска наличия опухолевого заболевания толстой кишки

A Joint Study of Seismicity and SAR Interferometry Observations for Assessing the Possibility of an Eruption of the Dormant Bolshaya Udina Volcano

International audienceSeismicity began to be recorded in October 2017 around the dormant Bolshaya Udina Volcano (B. Udina in what follows) situated 10 km southeast of Plosky Tolbachik Volcano. Seismic tomography showed the existence of a long-lived magma chamber south of B. Udina in the area of the Tolud River. The chamber has its top at a depth of about 15 km, and may probably be connected to the Plosky Tolbachik plumbing system (Koulakov et al., 2017). Saltykov et al. (2018) and Koulakov et al. (2019) related the observed resumption of seismic activity to a hypothetical emplacement of magma beneath the Udina volcanoes, pointing out a high likelihood of the resumption of volcanic activity. The present study examines data from permanent seismic stations showing a systematic displacement of the center of seismic energy southward from B. Udina from October 2017 through August 2019. The center characterizes the location of the volume that generates the bulk of seismicity. We used images of the Sentinel-1A satellite (wavelength 5.6 cm) taken from a descending orbit of track 60 during the period from June 7, 2017 through September 23, 2017 (10 images) and during the period from May 21, 2018 to September 30, 2018 (12 images) to determine time series and average velocities of displacement on the slopes of B. Udina. Persistent scatterers could only be identified at the foot of B. Udina. An analysis of displacement time series for the surface of the volcano showed that the character of displacements in 2017 and 2018 on the southwestern and eastern slopes remained nearly the same, while the average rate of displacement on the northwestern slope decreased in 2018. We used three images of the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 satellite (wavelength 23.5 cm) taken on October 4, 2016, June 13, 2016, and October 2, 2018 from an ascending orbit to construct paired interferograms, which characterize displacements for the time period between images. The displacements on both interferograms did not exceed a few centimeters, except for narrow zones confined to local relief forms. The deformations thus detected were most likely due to surface processes. The deformed volumes related to pressure changes in the magma chamber at a depth of 5 km must have linear dimensions of 10-15 km, while the displacement areas detected in the satellite images are considerably smaller. These results suggested an alternative model that postulates the resumption of seismic activity to accompany the retreat and sinking of magma melt from B. Udina into the chamber in the Tolud R. area as identified by tomographic techniques