Body parts in folk songs (The perspective of ethnoliguistics and cognitive poetics)

(in English): This interdisciplinary thesis deals with the relation of oral tradition and somatic terms - words describing specific parts of the human body. The analysis is based on the ethnolinguistics, the theory of term's profile in particular, that deals with the question of which somatic terms serve as the inputs to semantic contexts and what is their dominant meaning. The thesis focuses on general interpretation of folk poetry, while aiming to those poetic methods and characteristics that are coherent to the main subject of the thesis. Next chapter describes ethno-linguistics and explains its methods and theory - the relation of language and culture, language stereotypes and mainly the theory of term's profile. The core of the thesis is the chapter dedicated to somatic terms: hands, eyes, blood, cheeks, mouth and face. Based on the collections Prostonárodní české písně a říkadla (National Czech songs and riddles) by K. J. Erben and Moravské národní písně (Moravian national songs) by F. Sušil, it determines the meaning profiles. In these it describes more closely in what meanings the terms mentioned above appear in folk songs

Overall and age-specific incidence densities and relative hazards of breast cancer (ICD-9∶174) in the diabetes and control groups.

<p>ID, incidence density; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; AHR, adjusted hazard ratio.</p>*<p>Based on Poisson assumption.</p>†<p>Based on Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for age, geographic area, urbanization status, Charlson’s score, history of hypertension, endometriosis, and abortion, and frequency of medical visit.</p

Characteristics of the study subjects.

<p>Characteristics of the study subjects.</p

Overall and age-specific incidence densities and relative hazards of endometrial cancer (ICD-9∶182) in the diabetes and control groups.

<p>ID, incidence density; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; AHR, adjusted hazard ratio.</p>*<p>Based on Poisson assumption.</p>†<p>Based on Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for age, geographic area, urbanization status, Charlson’s score, history of hypertension, and frequency of medical visit.</p

Tandem duplication of the <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 gene in pKPX-1 and pECX-1.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Diagrammatic representation of the analysis of <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 copy number by Southern blot. The probe is shown with a red arrow, and the tandem duplication of the 8588-bp repeat is indicated by the bracket. The asterisks indicate the methylated <i>Nru</i>I sites. The sizes of <i>Bam</i>HI or <i>Hind</i>III digested fragments depend on the copy number of the repeat. The pound sign indicates 79.1 kb and 71.8 kb for <i>Bam</i>HI and <i>Hind</i>III restrictions, respectively, when there are 8 copies of the tandem repeat, as in the case of pECX-1. (<b>B</b>) Sequencing read distribution and Southern analysis of the <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 region for pECX-1. The upper panel shows the relative coverage depth of the repeat region and its flanking sequences. The average coverage of <i>bla</i>_NDM-1 is 7–8 fold of those sequences of the immediately adjacent regions, suggesting that there are eight copies of the repeat. As shown in the lower panel, Southern analysis confirms this model of tandem duplication. (<b>C</b>) <i>Bla</i>_NDM-1 copy number variation detected by the Southern analysis. Sequence depth of the region revealed an average of 3–4 copies of the repeat sequence in pKPX. <i>Bam</i>HI and <i>Hind</i>III digestion gave a series of ladder bands, corresponding to different copy numbers of the repeat. By contrast, <i>Avr</i>II and <i>Nru</i>I both deliberated a single major band of 8.6 kb, representing the unit length of the tandem repeats.</p

Restriction analysis of the KPX plasmids by PFGE.

<p>Plasmid DNA isolated from the KPX isolate was analyzed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The restriction patterns of the plasmid DNA were compared to those of pECX-1 and pECX-2 in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The size of the DNA markers is shown in kilobases (kb) on the left side.</p

Sequence analysis of KPX plasmids.

<p>Two circular sequences are shown for the organization of pKPX-1 (<b>A</b>) and pKPX-2 (<b>B</b>). Mapping shotgun sequencing reads of pECX-1 to the pKPX-1 is indicated by the red half-circle. A large part of the plasmid, corresponding to the nucleotide positions 23,125 to 145,377 of pKPX-1, was not found in pECX-1. Only the part on the left side, totaling 128,191-bp, is retained. Two genes encoding chloramphenicol and amikacin resistance were identified by functional library screening. Their positions in the deleted region are indicated. Nucleotides are numbered according to the replication origin. Genes are color coded: yellow, β-lactamase; red, antimicrobial resistance associated; blue, plasmid replication and partitioning; black, transposases or IS elements; and white, other coding sequences of miscellaneous features. The arrows on the open reading frames (ORFs) indicate the gene orientation. Gene clusters involved in gene transfer or mobility are marked in green. <i>Xba</i>I and <i>Avr</i>II restriction sites are shown inside the circle.</p

Antimicrobial resistance determinants in pKPX-1 and pKPX-2.

*<p>Nonfunctional; ^† Deleted in pECX-1.</p><p>Abbreviations: AAC, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase; APH, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase; ANT, aminoglycoside nucleotdyltransferase; Rmt, 16S rRNA methyltransferase; Qnr, quinolone resistance protein; TetA, tetracycline efflux protein; Cat, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; ARR-2, rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase; DHPS, dihydropteroate synthase; DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; Mph, macrolide phosphotransferase.</p

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs)^* for different antimicrobial agents of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> KPX, <i>E. coli</i> DH10B, and <i>E. coli</i> transformants of DNA derived from <i>K. pneumoniae</i> KPX.

*<p>MIC interpretations are based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints (CLSI M100-S21, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062774#pone.0062774-Clinical1" target="_blank">[28]</a>), except for polymyxin E and tigecycline, which are based on EUCAST (<a href="http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/" target="_blank">http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/</a>) breakpoints.</p