Клинико-лабораторная характеристика острой ВИЧ-инфекции у взрослых в Новосибирской области

Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy.Цель: изучить особенности острой ВИЧ-инфекции у взрослых в Новосибирской области в 2017–2018 гг.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 200 больных острой ВИЧ-инфекцией, жителей Новосибирской области, в возрасте от 15 до 74 лет, госпитализированных в 2017–2018 гг., 104 мужчин и 96 женщин. Диагноз верифицировали выявлением антител к ВИЧ в ИФА при отрицательном или сомнительном результате иммуноблота, а также определением количественного содержания РНК ВИЧ в крови методом ПЦР. Определялась гемограмма, содержание CD4+лимфоцитов в крови. Дополнительно у 71 пациента исследован ВИЧ-1 на принадлежность к генетической группе.Результаты. Преобладали лица 20–40 лет – 70,5%. Половой путь заражения доминировал у женщин (69,0%), инъекционное потребление психоактивных веществ чаще было у мужчин (32,2%). Частыми симптомами были лихорадка (99%), экзантема (65,5%), полилимфоаденопатия (54,0%). Реже регистрировались диарея (36,0%) фаринготонзиллит (23,0%), афтозный стоматит (6,5%), гепатомегалия или гепатоспленомегалия (8,5%). У 26,5% больных выявлены вторичные заболевания. Лейкопения регистрировалась у 63,0%, тромбоцитопении – у 62,5%, лимфоцитоз и атипичные клетки лимфоидного ряда – у 14,0%. У всех пациентов установлена высокая вирусная нагрузка – от 23 000 до 10 000 000 и более копий/мл, снижение числа CD4+ менее 350 клеток – у 38,0%. Из числа 71 больных у 19,7% выявлен ВИЧ-1 субтипа А, у 76,0% выявлен рекомбинантный CRF63_02А ВИЧ-1. У последних чаще регистрировалась вирусная нагрузка более 10 000 000 копий/мл (67,8% против 33,4%, p=0,004).Заключение. В Новосибирской области в 2017– 2018 гг. регистрируется значительное число случаев острой ВИЧ-инфекции. Ее выявление возможно при обследовании всех лихорадящих больных, обращающихся в лечебные учреждения. Необходимо раннее начало антиретровирусной терапии с назначение схем с хорошей переносимостью для формирования высокой приверженности к терапии

The Tumor Microenvironment: The Making of a Paradigm

What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the su

Популяционный иммунитет к SARS-COV-2 населения Калиниградской области в эпидемический сезон COVID-19

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic was announced by WHO in February 2020. In the Kaliningrad region, the first case (imported) was registered in early March 2020, the beginning of the epidemic increase fell on the 14th week. 2020, and the peak incidence was reached in the 22nd week of the year, after which there was a steady decrease in the number of cases. The study of population immunity was carried out at the 32nd week during the period of the lowest level of intensity of the epidemic process.Purpose of the study. Assessment of the assessment of the level of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Kaliningrad region during the period of the epidemic incidence of the population of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was carried out as part of the first stage of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Russian Federation. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by a questionnaire survey and subsequent randomization. The analysis includes the results of a survey of 2675 people. The number of volunteers in age groups ranged from 314 to 493 people. The results obtained were processed by the methods of variation statistics.Results. The results obtained showed that the average seroprevalence in the population was 50.2%, while the highest seroprevalence was found in the child age group 1-17 years (66.9%) and among persons aged 18-29 (57.0). No significant gender differences were found (men – 48,3 ± 1,6%, women – 51,1 ± 1,1%). The distribution of the proportion of seropositive people in the settlements of the region varied from 33,9% to 59.6%. The largest share of seroprevalence in the representative samples was found among people engaged in art / creativity (55,3%), the smallest – among educational workers (42,0%). Among COVID-19 convalescents, the level of humoral immunity reached 94,6%. Most of the seropositive volunteers (95,2%) did not have any symptoms of COVID-19, that is, they belonged to the category of asymptomatic carriers.Output. The results of a survey of a representative cohort of volunteers in the Kaliningrad region showed that they are characterized by a high level of population immunity, which makes it possible to expect a decrease in.Введение. Пандемия COVID-19 была объявлена Всемирная организация здравоохранения в феврале 2020 г. В Калининградской области первый случай (завозной) зарегистрировали в начале марта 2020 г., начало эпидемического нарастания пришлось на 14-ю неделю 2020 г., а пик заболеваемости был достигнут на 22-й неделе года, после чего отмечалось устойчивое снижение количества заболевший. Исследование популяционного иммунитета было проведено на 32-й неделе в период самого низкого уровня напряженности эпидемического процесса.Цель. Оценка уровня популяционного иммунитета к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Калининградской области в период эпидемической заболеваемости населения COVID-19.Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в рамках первого этапа программы Роспотребнадзора по оценке популяционного иммунитета к SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Российской Федерации. Отбор волонтеров для исследования проводили методом анкетирования и последующей рандомизации. В анализ включены результаты обследования 2675 человек. Количество волонтеров в возрастных группах варьировало от 314 до 493 человек. Полученные результаты обрабатывали методами вариационной статистики.Результаты. Полученные результаты показали, что средняя серопревалентность по популяции составила 50,2%, при этом набольшая серопревалентность была выявлена в детской возрастной группе 1–17 лет (66,9%) и среди лиц в возрасте 18–29 лет (57,0). Достоверных половых различий не установлено (мужчины – 48,3±1,6%, женщины – 51,1±1,1%). Распределение доли серопозитивных по населенным пунктам области варьировало от 33,9% до 59,6%. Наибольшая доля серопревалентных в репрезентативных выборках выявлена среди лиц, занятых искусством/творчеством (55,3%), наименьшая – среди работников образования (42,0%). Среди реконвалесцентов COVID-19 уровень гуморального иммунитета достиг 94,6%. Большая часть серопозитивных волонтеров (95,2%) не имела каких-либо симптомов COVID-19, то есть относилась к категории бессимптомных носителей.Выводы. Результаты обследования репрезентативной когорты волонтеров Калининградской области показали, что для них характерен высокий уровень популяционного иммунитета, позволяющий ожидать снижения напряженности эпидемического процесса.

Use of albumin in the composition of wood pellets in order to improve their quality

Chemical treatment of wood albumin in the technology of pellets is considered from the point of view of the possible directions of chemical reactions in the interactiontion of its reactivity with components of wood – lignin and polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose). It has b een shown that at high temperature and pressure parameters for the compression step – primary to obtain pellets technology, car-bonyl, carboxyl, amine and amide functional groups of albumin may enter into an esterification reaction involving the hydroxyl groups of the reactive lignin and also a reaction of formation of new hydrogen bonds between two electronegative atoms which, together as oxygen and nitrogen acts. Using albumin as a glue with its variation rate of from 0.1 to 0.5% to a. d. a wood composite pellets composed of different kinds of wood resulting in improved performance pellets complex values characterizing their mechanical strength. Pellets obtained with the introduction of albumin in their composi-tion, meet all the requirements for the materials of the fuel use

Clinical and laboratory characterictic of acute HIV-infection in adult residents of Novosibirsk region

Purpose of the study. To study the characteristics of acute HIV infection in adults in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018.Materials and methods. 200 patients with acute HIV infection, residents of the Novosibirsk region, aged 15 to 74 years, hospitalized in 2017–2018, 104 men and 96 women were examined. The diagnosis was verified by detecting antibodies to HIV in ELISA with a negative or doubtful result of the immunoblot, as well as by determining the quantitative content of HIV RNA in the blood by PCR. The hemogram, the content of CD4 + lymphocytes in the blood were determined. In addition, HIV-1 was studied in 71 patients for belonging to a genetic group.Results. Patients of 20–40 years old prevailed – 70.5%. The sexual way was dominant in women (69.0%), injecting psychoactive substances was more often in men (32.2%). Frequent symptoms were fever (99%), exanthema (65.5%), polylimfoadenopathy (54.0%). Less common were diarrhea (36.0%), pharyngotonsillitis (23.0%), aphthous stomatitis (6.5%), hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly (8.5%). Secondary diseases were revealed in 26.5% of patients. Leukopenia was recorded in 63.0%, thrombocytopenia in 62.5%, lymphocytosis and atypical cells of the lymphoid series in 14.0%. All patients had a high “viral load” – from 23,000 to 10,000,000 or more copies / ml, a decrease in the number of CD4 + less than 350 cells – in 38.0%. From among 71 patients, 19.7% had HIV-1 subtype A, and 76.0% had recombinant HIV-1 CRF63_02A. In the latter, “viral load” of more than 10,000,000 copies / ml was more often recorded (67.8% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.004).Conclusion. A significant number of cases of acute HIV infection were reported in the Novosibirsk region in 2017– 2018. Its detection is possible by examination of all febrile patients who apply to medical institutions. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy with the appointment of well-tolerated regimens contributes to the formation of a high commitment to therapy