Another proof of Pell identities by using the determinant of tridiagonal matrix

In this paper, another proof of Pell identities is presented by using the determinant of tridiagonal matrices. It is calculated via the Laplace expansion

The Value of Immature Granulocyte and Immature Granulocyte/Total Granulocyte Ratio in Predicting the Need for Surgical Treatment in Patients Diagnosed with Intestinal Ileus in the Emergency Department

Background/Aims: Although many biomarkers that can predict the need for surgical treatment of patients with intestinal ileus have been investigated, effective, inexpensive, and fast-resulting biomarkers have not been determined. In our study, showing the value of immature granulocyte (IG) and immature granulocyte/total granulocyte (IG/TG) ratio in predicting the need for surgical treatment in patients diagnosed with intestinal ileus in the emergency department was aimed. Methods: Our study was carried out as a prospective cohort between 23.11.2021 and 07.04.2022. Patients aged 18 years and older who applied to the emergency department and were diagnosed with intestinal ileus after clinical, laboratory and radiological evaluation were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, treatments, laboratory tests and IG, IG/TG results of the patients were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups as those who underwent surgical treatment and those who did not, and comparisons were made. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 78 patients were included in the study. 46.2% (n=36) of the patients were female and the median age was 65 years. While surgery was performed in 41% (n=32) of the patients, 59% (n=46) were followed up with medical treatment. IG number and IG/TG ratio were found to be higher in patients who underwent surgical intervention than in those who underwent medical treatment, and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). In receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis AUC: 0.658 was found for IG number. With the best cut-off value of 0.03, the sensitivity was found to be 56.3% specificity: 71.7%; and the AUC value for IG/TG: 0.627 (95% CI; 0.500-0.753), and when the best cut-off value was taken as 0.2, the sensitivity for this value was 59.4%, and the specificity was 63%. Conclusion: In this study, in which we examined the IG numbers and IG/TG ratios in patients with intestinal ileus, although we showed that these parameters were higher in patients who needed surgical treatment, upon the analysis done, we believe that it is not a clinically significant marker

Alzheimer hastalığında bakım verenlerin hastalıkla ilgili farkındalık düzeyi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Bursa ilinde Alzheimer hastalarına bakım veren bireylerin hastalıkla ilgili farkındalık düzeyinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Orta veya ağır evre Alzheimer hastasına en az 6 aydır bire bir bakım veren 50 kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların ve bakım verenlerin demografik özellikleri kayıt altına alındı. Bakım verenlere hastalıkla ilgili basit temel bilgilerin sorgulandığı 10 soruluk bir anket uygulandı.Bulgular: Katılımcıların %56’sı hastalıkla karşılaşmadan önce hastalıkla ilgili bilgiye sahip değildi. %50’si yakını Alzheimer tanısı aldıktan sonra hastalıkla ilgili bilgi almak için herhangi bir yönteme başvurmamıştı. Katılımcıların %84’ü hastalığın kalıcı olduğunu, %80’i tedavisinin ilaçlarla yapıldığını bilmekteydi. %86’sı ilaçların şikayetleri sadece kısmen geriletmek için verildiğinin farkındaydı. %54’ü ağızdan alınan tabletler dışında başka tedavi seçeneklerinden haberdar değildi. %44’ü tedaviyle hastalığın düzelmediğini, %50’si ilaçları dönem dönem değiştirmek gerektiğini bilmekteydi. Hastalıkla ilgili sizi en çok sıkıntıya sokan şey nedir sorusuna sırasıyla gece uykusuzluğu, ajitasyonlar, inatçılık, hırçınlık, idrar ve gaita inkontinansı cevapları verildi. Sonuç: Hasta yakınlarının hastalıkla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip olması hastalığın erken tanınması, hastalığa bağlı gelişen problemlerin anlaşılabilmesi ve tedavi sürecinin düzgün yönetilmesine olanak sağlayacaktı

Proofs of some generalized fibonacci identities based on laplace expansion formula

Bu çalışmada, Fibonacci, Pell ve Jacobsthal sayı dizilerinin bir genelleştirmesi olan, genelleştirilmiş Fibonacci dizisi için farklı iki özdeşlik, üçlü bant matris dizisinin determinantlarında Laplace açılım formülü kullanılarak ispatlanmıştır. Fibonacci sayı dizisinin de sağladığı bu özdeşlikler üçlü bant matris dizisinin determinantlarından faydalanılarak farklı bir yolla elde edilmiştir. Benzer özdeşliklerin Pell ve Jacobsthal sayı dizileri için de geçerli olduğu, yine her bir sayı dizisi için farklı üçlü bant matris dizilerinin determinantları kullanılarak gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, negatif indisli Fibonacci ve Pell sayılarının bir genelleştirmesi olan sayı dizisi için bir özdeşlik verilip üçlü bant matrislerin permanentleri kullanılarak bu özdeşliğin ispatı yapılmıştır. Son olarak negatif indisli Fibonacci ve Pell sayılarının da gerçeklediği bu özdeşlik, yine her bir sayı dizisi için farklı üçlü bant matrislerde permanent hesabı kullanılarak ispatlanmıştır.In this study, two different identities are given for the generalized Fibonacci sequence which is a generalization of Fibonacci, Pell and Jacobsthal number sequences are proved by using the determinant of the tridiagonal matrix sequence . While calculating the determinant, Laplace expansion formula is used. These identities satisfied by Fibonacci numbers are proved using the determinant of a tridiagonal matrix sequence in a different method. Also, it is seen that Pell an Jacobsthal numbes satisfy the similar identities and they are proved by using the determinants of different tridiagonal matrix sequences for each number sequence. In addition, an identity is given for the sequence which is a generalization of negatively subscripted Fibonacci and Pell numbers and this identity is proved using the permanents of tridiagonal matrix sequences. Finally, this identity satisfied by negatively subscripted Fibonacci and Pell numbers is proved by using the permanents of different tridiagonal matrix for each sequence

Inactivation of Escherichia coli by alternative electric current in rivers discharged into sea

Inactivation effect of alternative electric current on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and fecal E. coli MAAG 1405 found resistant to antibiotics was examined in water samples collected from Ayamama River, Sartsu River, and their discharge points into sea and from Black Sea and Marmara Sea. In addition to water samples, lauryl sulfate broth was used as an organic rich medium. Both test strains were inactivated within 1-3 min in media containing marine waters (1 A), 5-10 min in Ayamama River water (1 A), 5 min in Sarisu River water (0.5 A), 20-35 min in lauryl sulfate broth (1 A) by applying alternative electric current. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Direct electric current utilization in destruction of extremely halophilic bacteria in salt that is used in brine curing of hides

Hydrolytic enzymes, which are produced by extremely halophilic bacteria in salt, may cause serious damage on salted hides and may result in significant economic losses. Therefore, to prevent halobacterial damage on hides, the antibacterial effects of different levels of direct electric current on extremely halophilic bacteria found in salt were examined in brine solution containing 20% NaCl and salt samples, liquid Brown media containing 20% NaCl, organic substances and salt samples, liquid Brown media separately inoculated with lipase, and protease producing extremely halophilic strains. Direct electric current (0.1 A, 0.2 A. 0.3 A and 0.4 A) inactivated extremely halophilic bacteria in salt, which was dissolved in the brine solution within 15 min, 10 min, 5 min and 3 min, respectively. Although 0.5 A direct electric current inactivated extremely halophilic bacteria in the salt samples (10(4)-10(5) CFU/g), which were dissolved in the brine solution within 1 min but treatment with 0.5 A direct electric current for 15 min was necessary to inactivate the extremely halophilic bacterial population in the salt samples dissolved in the liquid Brown media. Also, 0.5 A direct electric current inactivated lipase and protease producing extremely halophilic bacteria (10(5)-10(6) CFU/mL), which were grown separately in the liquid Brown media within 10 min. Voltage levels; 2.86-3.38 V did not change in all the brine solutions containing salt samples during electrical treatment, but the voltage levels in all the liquid Brown media containing both salt samples and protease-plus-lipase producing extremely halophilic bacteria decreased proportionally to the halobacterial population until the entire halobacterial population was inactivated. When the halobacterial population in the liquid Brown media was completely destroyed by the direct electric current, the voltage levels started to increase. This important clue might be used to predict inactivation time of all of the halobacterial populations grown in the brine solutions containing organic substances in the hide industry. It was also detected that the temperatures and pH values of the test media changed during the treatment. The maximum temperature rise was 9 degrees C and the pH increased by 5. These results showed that applying a 0.5 A direct current is a very effective method to kill extremely halophilic bacterial populations in salt used in hide preservation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved