Hafif Düzeyde Zihinsel Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilerin Sanal Manipulatifler Yardımıyla Toplama İşlemi Öğrenimi: Bir Çoklu Durum Çalışması

It is frequently emphasized that technology integration to the education of the students have intellectual disabilities has great importance. The researches performed show that using virtual manipulatives consist positive effects on learning mathematics on the students have intellectual disabilities. This study was done to investigate the addition operation learning process of the students have intellectual disabilities. Two students have mild intellectual disabilities and are 14 and 17 years old participated to this research conducted by means of multiple case study is one of the qualitative research designs. In this study was realized during five schedules data were collected through interviews, observations and documents. Content analysis were used for data analysis. At the end of the analysis, three categories of findings on “Learning of the addition operation”, “Opinions on the use of computer and virtual manipulatives” and “Individual differences”, were structured.Zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin eğitimine teknolojinin entegrasyonunun önemli olduğu sıklıkla vurgulamaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar sanal manipulatif kullanımının zihinsel yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin matematik öğrenmesinde olumlu etkiler oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma zihinsel yetersizliği bulunan öğrencilerin sanal manipulatifler yardımıyla toplama işlemi öğrenme sürecini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden çoklu durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülen çalışmaya 14 ve 17 yaşlarındaki hafif düzeyde zihinsel engelli iki öğrenci katılmıştır. Beş ders saati süresince yürütülen çalışmada görüşme, gözlem ve dokümanlar yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda toplama işleminin öğrenimi, sanal manipulatifler ve bilgisayar kullanımına yönelik görüşler ve bireysel farklılıklar olmak üzere üç kategori oluşmuştur

Evaluation of 86 Patients Whom Death While Being Followed up with Pre-Diagnosis of Covid-19

The Coronavirus-19 pandemic continues at full speed, and the number of patients who die from Covıd-19 is increasing. It was aimed to evaluate the demographic information and laboratory findings of 86 patients who died while being followed up in our hospital with a pre-diagnosis of Covıd-19. Identifying these characteristics of deceased patients will be essential to guide clinicians in identifying critically ill patients. Data on demographic information, comorbidities, time from hospitalization to death, molecular test results, thorax CT findings, biochemical findings, culture, antibiotic susceptibility, and the given treatments of the cases were collected from the electronic system Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital. While the RT-PCR test of 21 of the cases was positive, in 9 of the cases, control PCR tests were negative after a while. The CT results of 18 of the 21 initially RT-PCR positive cases were compatible with Covid-19, and the CT result of 3 could not be reached. When the blood test results of the cases were examined, neutrophil increase, white blood cell increase, lymphocyte reduction, and inflammatory markers increase were determined. A total of 43 bacterial growths were found in 21 cases. It has been observed that deaths in patients who were followed up with the pre-diagnosis of Covıd-19 generally occur in older people, males, and those with underlying diseases. It was thought that the cause of death could be underlying diseases, pathologies caused by inflammation, and secondary bacterial infections in addition to viral infection. Clinicians should be more careful about elderly patients, patients with secondary bacterial infections, or patients with neutrophilia, lymphopenia

Long-Term Follow-Up of Two-Phase Orthodontic Treatment of Class II Malocclusions

Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the stability of dentoskeletal changes 8 years after treatment with the activator appliance, followed by an edgewise appliance.Subjects and Methods:The study comprised 18 children (10 boys and 8 girls at 12.2±1.4 years of age) with a skeletal Class II pattern and a Class II molar relationship. Pre-treatment (T1) their ANB angles were greater than 4 degrees and overjets greater than 7 mm. Standardized lateral cephalograms were taken in centric occlusion at the start of treatment (T1), at the end of activator treatment (T2), at the end of fixed appliance therapy (T3) and 6.2 years after the removal of the fixed appliances (T4). Ten angular and nine linear cephalometric measurements were determined. A paired-sample t-test was used to evaluate the treatment changes.Results:At the end of active treatment period (T3) the skeletal relationship was improved and there were significant (p=0.000) increases in maxillary and mandibular length (Co-A and Co-Gn) and SNB. The upper incisors were significantly (p=0.023) uprighted and retruded (U1-NA). SNA and ANB angles were significantly (p=0.012, p=0.000 respectively) decreased whereas IMPA and mandibular plane angle (Go-Gn-SN) remained stable. At (T4) the changes were generally in agreement with those T3 at except for a slight return to the original values for SNA and A to N -I FH (mm) measurements.Conclusion:The anteroposterior dentoskeletal changes obtained with the activator appliance followed by fixed edgewise appliances were demonstrated to be stable over 6.2 years

Effects of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein, on primary cell cultures prepared from intact human intervertebral disc tissue

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of etanercept (ETA), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, on human cell cultures prepared from intact intervertebral disc tissue. ETA is used as a treatment for cases of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis accompanied by moderate or severe joint pain. ETA was applied to primary cell cultures [annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus (NP) from intact intervertebral disc tissue]. Cell cultures without ETA treatment served as the control group. Morphological and quantitative molecular analyses of the two groups were performed. The number of viable cells and cell proliferation decreased in the ETA-treated cultures as compared with those in the control group. Furthermore, in the treatment group, the chondroadherin gene, an NP-specific marker, was not expressed after 24 h. By contrast, the cartilage oligo matrix protein was expressed 24, 48 and 72 h post-ETA treatment, while its expression was significantly lower than that in the control group. In addition, the expression of interleukin-1 beta, as well as matrix metallopeptidase-7 and -19, was markedly decreased. Overall, the cell proliferation and gene expression in the ETA-treated cells were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). These results suggest that the treatment duration and dosage of TNF inhibitors, which are used to suppress active inflammation, should be considered in the clinical setting. These biological agents may delay the healing of intervertebral disc tissue damage by slowing cell proliferation and altering gene expression via anabolic and catabolic pathways

Evaluation of the effect of apixaban on the primary intact intervertebral disc cell cultures

Aim: Apixaban is a frequently preferred pharmacological agent in clinics to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.Such new oral anticoagulants may cause hemorrhage’s in tissues and/or organs or may cause gastrointestinal symptoms withoutbleeding. It is also reported in the literature that it may lead to mental disorders, unwanted disorders in the urinary tract and skeletalmuscle system. However, when the literature is examined, there are no studies, which are of high-evidential value, evaluating theefficacy of apixaban on healthy, intact intervertebral disc tissue, and matrix-like structures. In this pharmaco-molecular study, itwas aimed to investigate the effects of a new oral anticoagulant agent containing the active ingredient apixaban on the intactintervertebral disc tissue cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and to evaluate its positive and / or negative effects on geneexpressions of cartilage oligo matrix protein (COMP), chondroadherin (CHAD), and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)s.Material and Methods: The primary cell cultures were prepared from the intact tissues of the patients with the traumatic intervertebraldisc herniation. Apixaban was administered to the cultures and molecular analyses were performed for 21 days. The data obtainedfrom the apixaban-administered and non-apixaban-administered samples were evaluated statistically and the significance valuewas accepted as P <0.05.Results: The changes were observed in the cell proliferation and the expressions of the mentioned genes in the apixabanadministered group. The suppression of COMP value and the increase in MMP-13 value may be indicative of the development ofmatrix degeneration in the apixaban-administered group, compared to the non-drug-administered control group.Conclusion: The selectivity is one of the most important features of the drugs. However, it should not be forgotten that no drug willonly produce the desired effect

Machine Learning Classifiers: A Brief Primer

Machine learning is a prominent and an intensively studied field in the artificial intelligence area which assists to enhance the performance of classification. In this paper, the main idea is to provide the classification and comparative analysis of data mining algorithms. To support this idea, six supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms, C4.5 (J48), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and One Rule (OneR) along with the five UCI Datasets of ML Repository, are being applied that demonstrates the robustness and effectiveness of numerous approaches. Whereas, for analytical procedures, significant parameters have been considered: Accuracy, Area Under Curve (AUC), precision, recall, and F-measure values. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to obtain binary classification and efficiency by conducting the performance evaluation. We present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to well-known competitive approaches

Sarız (Kayseri) yöresi makromantarları

Çalışma 2011-2012 yılları arasında Sarız (Kayseri-Türkiye) yöresinden toplanan makromantar örnekleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi ve laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota bölümlerine ait iki sınıf, 22 familya ve 45 cins içinde yer alan 54 takson belirlenmiştir. Taksonların tamamı bölge için yeni kayıttır.The present study was based on the macrofungi specimens collected from Sarız district (Kayseri-Turkey) between 2011-2012. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 54 taxa belonging to two classes, 22 families and 45 genera in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified. All of the taxa are new records for the district