The effect of temperature on the early development and starvation tolerance of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon

The effect of temperature (15, 18, and 21℃) on the early development and starvation tolerance of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon was investigated. The periods of initiation of first feeding and starvation tolerance were shortened with increasing temperature. The period of first feeding varied from 5 days after hatching (DAH) at 15℃ to 3 DAH at 21℃. Yellow goosefish larvae can survive for approximately 9-15 DAH (50% mortality period) without feeding in 15-21℃, but such an extended period of starvation is considered to increase the cumulative mortality

Validation of otolith daily increment formation and growth analysis of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon

We validated the daily formation of increments in otoliths of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon using reared individuals to examine the growth in the field. Single, round-shaped core structures were observed in 41% of sagittae and in 73% of the lapilli. Therefore, lapillar otoliths were used for further observations of daily increment analysis. The lapillus radius of newly hatched larvae was 15.0 ± 1.4 μm (mean ± standard deviation) forming the hatch check (first check). At 6 days after hatching (DAH), the second check was observed, which may correspond to the energy transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition, located at 28.1 ± 0.7 μm from the core structures. Thereafter, clear daily increments formed outside the check. To estimate larval growth in the field, we examined the relationship between the notochord length (NL) and lapillus radius by an allometric equation. The mean growth rate was estimated as ca. 0.18 mm in NL/day during 10–40 DAH. The results of this study provide insights into the previously unknown early life history and will enable further understanding of the population dynamics of the genus Lophius

Use of the illicium for age determination and verification of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon off Aomori Prefecture, northern Japan

青森県周辺海域におけるキアンコウの背鰭第一棘による年齢査定法を検証した。背鰭第一棘の付け根付近の横断面をエッチング処理した後，メチレンブルーで染色し，実体顕微鏡下で落射光と透過光の両者による比較観察した結果，不透明帯数の読み取り精度が向上した。同横断面には，1年に2本の不透明帯（主に6月と11–12月）が形成されていた。背鰭第一棘による年齢査定は脊椎骨によるものよりも読み取り誤差が小さく，標識放流魚の成長追跡結果と類似したことから，優れた年齢査定法と判定した。Yellow goosefish Lophius litulon is an economically valuable fish species around Japan. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a suitable technique for age determination of yellow goosefish using the illicium. Specimens of yellow goosefish were collected by commercial boats and research vessels from the Sea of Japan, Tsugaru Strait and the Pacific Ocean off Aomori Prefecture from November 2013 to March 2016 using bottom gill, set and trawl nets. Each specimen was measured and sexed, and the illicium and 8th vertebra were removed in the laboratory. The epidermis of each illicium was removed after boiling, and the illicia were dried, whereas each of the 8th vertebra was boiled and sectioned. We found that the best ageing method was a count of opaque zones in the illicia. This was facilitated using the cross-sectioned illicia that had been etched with 1 mol/L HCl for 30 s, stained with methylene blue for 4 h and viewed under transmitted and incident light. Opaque zones form twice per year (mainly during June and November-December) in the illicia. Age determination using opaque zones in the illicia was more accurate than that using opaque zones in the vertebral centra. Because the illicia of yellow goosefish are easy to collect and manipulate for age determination and the growth rate estimated using the illicia and tagging experiments is similar, this method of age determination may be useful for these fish in this region

Use of the illicium for age determination and verification of yellow goosefish <i>Lophius litulon</i> off Aomori Prefecture, northern Japan

青森県周辺海域におけるキアンコウの背鰭第一棘による年齢査定法を検証した。背鰭第一棘の付け根付近の横断面をエッチング処理した後，メチレンブルーで染色し，実体顕微鏡下で落射光と透過光の両者による比較観察した結果，不透明帯数の読み取り精度が向上した。同横断面には，1年に2本の不透明帯（主に6月と11–12月）が形成されていた。背鰭第一棘による年齢査定は脊椎骨によるものよりも読み取り誤差が小さく，標識放流魚の成長追跡結果と類似したことから，優れた年齢査定法と判定した。Yellow goosefish Lophius litulon is an economically valuable fish species around Japan. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a suitable technique for age determination of yellow goosefish using the illicium. Specimens of yellow goosefish were collected by commercial boats and research vessels from the Sea of Japan, Tsugaru Strait and the Pacific Ocean off Aomori Prefecture from November 2013 to March 2016 using bottom gill, set and trawl nets. Each specimen was measured and sexed, and the illicium and 8th vertebra were removed in the laboratory. The epidermis of each illicium was removed after boiling, and the illicia were dried, whereas each of the 8th vertebra was boiled and sectioned. We found that the best ageing method was a count of opaque zones in the illicia. This was facilitated using the cross-sectioned illicia that had been etched with 1 mol/L HCl for 30 s, stained with methylene blue for 4 h and viewed under transmitted and incident light. Opaque zones form twice per year (mainly during June and November-December) in the illicia. Age determination using opaque zones in the illicia was more accurate than that using opaque zones in the vertebral centra. Because the illicia of yellow goosefish are easy to collect and manipulate for age determination and the growth rate estimated using the illicia and tagging experiments is similar, this method of age determination may be useful for these fish in this region

Mannitol versus furosemide in patients with thoracic malignancies who received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy using short hydration: A randomized phase II trial

Abstract Background Mannitol is exclusively recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for diuresis in cisplatin (CDDP)‐based chemotherapy. The utility of furosemide, a widely used and convenient diuretic, thus requires clarification. Methods This is a prospective, single‐centered, open‐label, noninferiority phase II study. Patients with thoracic malignancies who planned to receive CDDP‐based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either mannitol (arm A) or furosemide (arm B). The primary end point was set as the proportion of patients who experienced any grade of “creatinine (Cr) increased” based on the upper limit of the normal range (ULN) during the first cycle as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0. Secondary end points were Cr increased based on the baseline value during the first cycle, Cr increased after the completion of CDDP, and the proportion of patients with phlebitis. Results Between April 2018 and March 2022, 115 patients were enrolled and 106 were analyzed. Any grade of Cr increased based on the ULN during the first cycle was 17.3% (arm A) and 24.1% (arm B), respectively (p = 0.34). Therefore, the primary end point was not met. After completion of chemotherapy, any grade of Cr increased was observed in 23.1% (arm A) and 31.5% (arm B), respectively. However, the actual serum Cr level and Cr clearance during the courses were not different between the arms. Phlebitis occurred more frequently in arm A (28.8%) than arm B (16.7%). Conclusions Mannitol should remain the standard diuresis in CDDP‐based chemotherapy assessed by conventional CTCAE grading, but furosemide can be room for consideration when assessed by actual serum Cr level and Cr clearance