ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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^{<span style="font-size:19.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; color:black">14</span>}<span style="font-size:19.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black">C-[lignin]-lignocellulose biodegradation by bacteria isolated from polluted soil </span>

584-589<span style="font-size: 13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";="" color:black"="">Four bacterial species <span style="font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">[Branhamella catarrhalis <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">(gram -ve). Brochothrix <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">species (gram -ve), Micrococcus luteus <span style="font-size:13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">(gram +ve) and <span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">Bacillus firmus (gram +ve)], isolated from the soil polluted with cane sugar factory effluents, were found capable of growing on solid media supplemented with indulin AT (a polymeric industrial lignin) as sole C source. All the four species could metabolize cinnamic acid (a non-hydroxylated phenylpropanoid) as sole carbon source with significant suppression on addition of readily metabolizable carbon source (glucose). However, <span style="font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">Br. catarrhalis <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">and Brochothrix <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">sp. were capable of metabolizing ferulic acid, but could not do so on addition of glucose. Of the four species, <span style="font-size:13.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">Br. catarrhalis could evolve significant amount of 14CO2 <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">from U- 14C (lignin )- lignocellulose prepared from rice stalks (ca. 10% of the added radioactivity in 3 weeks), in addition to solubilization of another  11.7% radioactivity in culture filtrate. The other three species could not significantly evolve 14CO2, <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">though a significant fraction of added 14C-lignin (6.1 to 11.2%) could be solubilized into culture filtrate, suggesting lack of ring-cleavage or other CO2 <span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";color:black"="">evolving mechanisms in these species. </span