Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement radioélectrique du système de signalisation Eurobalise en environnment ferroviaire

Le sous système Eurobalise assure la communication sol/train. Une balise ferroviaire permet de transmettre des informations propre à une portion de canton. Elle est complètement autonome et placée au sol. L antenne Eurobalise est une installée sous le train. Dans un premier temps, nous décrivons le système de signalisation ERTMS dans l environnement ferroviaire et en particulier le sous système Eurobalise. La problématique associée à ce type de transmission dans son environnement d installation de fonctionnement est abordée. Nous décrivons un moyen d essai en immunité rayonné dans la bande permettant d obtenir un volume de test homogène aux dimensions des équipements sous test. Les résultats montrent une bonne corrélation entre la détermination théorique de ce volume réalisée à l aide de la simulation numérique et la mesure expérimentale Nous proposons plusieurs protocoles de tests permettant de déterminer le comportement en immunité du système globale, de l antenne de réception seule et de la balise seule. Enfin, le comportement électromagnétique de l élément rayonnant présent au sein de la balise est caractérisé, tout d abord de manière expérimentale et ensuite en ayant recours à la simulation numérique. On étudie ensuite l impact de l environnement d installation et l influence de débris pouvant être présent sur la voieThe Eurobalise sub-system allows the communication between the ground and the train. A railway beacon permits to transfer the information concerning a block . It is fixed on the track and completely autonomous. The Eurobalise antenna is placed under the train. We are describing the ERTMS signalling system in the railway environment and more precisely the Eurobalises sub-system. This transmission in its installing environment is also studied. On the one hand, we are trying to estimated the immunity of the beacon/antenna unit for different distances between the antenna and the beacon. On the other hand, a methodology is proposed in order to evaluate the antenna immunity. The objective is to study the antenna behaviour without the presence of the beacon. Specific test protocols are developed. Moreover, a methodology is proposed to study the beacon s behaviour. Finally, the electromagnetic behaviour of the radiating element present in the beacon is characterized experimentally and then by simulation. Then, the impact of the installation s environment and the influence of wayside debris are studied.RENNES-INSA (352382210) / SudocSudocFranceF

Ablative therapy for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is usually a fatal malignancy with rising incidence globally. Surgical resection currently remains the only curative treatment. However, as only a minority of iCCA are amenable to resection, new therapeutic modalities are needed. Aims: Our aims were to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the existing literature regarding the use of ablative therapies in iCCA; and to assess their efficacy as a treatment modality by calculating pooled survival results and investigate associations between prognostic factors and survival. Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed database for relevant articles was performed. Studies assessing survival in patients with iCCA undergoing ablation were included. Data were extracted on patient, tumour and treatment characteristics and survival. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the data. Galbraith plots were used to investigate heterogeneity; bubble plots were formulated using regression-based meta-analysis. Results: 10 studies were included in the final analysis, yielding an aggregate of 206 patients (69.5% male, median age 51.2-72.5) and 320 tumours. 70.4% of patients were recurrent cases of iCCA and 29.6% primary iCCA. Median overall survival ranged from 8.7 to 52.4 months. Pooled survival rates for 1, 3 and 5-year survival were 76% (95% CI: 68-83%), 33% (21-44%) and 16% (7-26%), respectively. No significant association was found between the median age, number of tumours or median tumour size and 1-year survival. Conclusion: Ablative therapies display promising potential as treatment modalities for iCCA. However, further research is necessary to validate these findings

Proposal of a specific test methodology to assess the radiated behavior of a data transmission from beacon to train

ISBN : 978-1-4244-3984-3International audienc

From civil war to proxy war: past history and current dilemmas

The use of surrogate or ‘proxy’ actors within the context of ‘irregular’ or guerrilla conflict within or between states constitutes a phenomenon spanning nearly the whole of recorded human military history. Yet it is a phenomenon that has also acquired urgent contemporary relevance in the light of the general evolution of conflict in Ukraine and the current Middle East. This introduction to a special issue on the theme investigates some potentially important new avenues to studying the phenomenon in the light of these trends