Laboratoire de langue multimedia : sa conception et son exploitation

Quels sont les modes d\u27utilisation du laboratoire de langue dans l\u27enseignment des langues etrangeres? Et a quoi ressemble ce labo aujourd\u27hui? Il n\u27est en fait pas uniforme; il varie d\u27une salle traditionnelle servant principalement a des exercices audio-oraux jusqu\u27a ce qu\u27on appelle le "CALL LABO" (LL servant egalement au "Computer Assisted Language Learning") en passant par le labo equipe d\u27appareils multimedia (appelons celui-ci "LL multimedia"). Il nous semble que, malgre l\u27interet actuel porte sur le CALL, les labos qui sont regulierement renoves ne tendent pas a se transformer tant en CALL LABO qu\u27a LL multimedia - tendance due principalement a des couts de construction. C\u27est dire que nombre de cours de langue ont actuellement lieu dans ce type de labo multimedia. Pourtant celui-ci n\u27est pas non plus uniforme; il est egalement tres variable suivant les parametres tels que l\u27usage, le but, le budget ou le fabricant. Aussi serait-il fructueux d\u27entreprendre une enquete sur les equipements reels de ce LL multimedia et leur exploitation. Mais en attendant une telle investigation a venir, nous essaierons dans le present article de nous interroger sur la question de savoir comment concevoir un labo multimedia qui soit mieux adapte a l\u27exigence de la pedagogie d\u27aujourd\u27hui: l\u27approche communicative. Nous reflechirons par la suite a l\u27exploitation de ce labo ainsi realise en nous appuyant sur des exemples concrets. L\u27etude demontrera entre autres 1\u27importance de la fonction dite "Random pair" et du moniteur a cristal liquide pour ce qui est de la conception du labo multimedia. Quant a son exploitation, elle revelera les riches possibilites de combinaison de multiples appareils et de leurs fonctions qu\u27offre le laboratoire de langue d\u27aujourd\u27hui

Entre deux cultures : Sur les romans de Michel Louyot

Michel Louyot a longtemps vecu a l\u27etranger: 20 ans en Europe de Test et 10 ans au Japon. Ces sejours dont les missions ont ete de reunir deux cultures europeennes d\u27abord et ensuite deux mondes occidental et oriental lui ont inspire une dizaine d\u27ouvrages de genres divers, mais traverses par ce meme theme: reconcilier ce qui s\u27oppose. La presente etude ayant pour corpus trois romans de Michel Louyot vise a mettre en relief leurs heros dechires entre deux mondes mais cherchant a les reunir. Lorraine (1988) met en scene un Lorrain enrole de force en 1943 dans l\u27armee hitlerienne. Blesse en Ukraine, il est contraint de refaire sa vie en Russie. Quarante ans plus tard, il se donne pour but de sa vie de reunir deux Europes divisees par le rideau de fer. La main aux algues (1992) nous raconte l\u27histoire d\u27une evolution d\u27un Lorrain dont l\u27enfance fut marquee par la Guerre et par la mort (disparition) de son pere. En lui, tout s\u27oppose: vie et mort, pere et mere, masculinite et feminite, voire meme les deux capitales de la Lorraine (Nancy et Metz). Il reussit a depasser les contradictions en s\u27apuyant sur le modele de l\u27esthetique du clair-obscur: esthetique qu\u27il discerne en Lorraine aussi bien qu\u27au Japon. Comme le titre le suggere, La lettre de Coree est l\u27hitoire d\u27une reconciliation nippono-coreenne. Decouvrant une frappante analogie geopolitique entre la Lorraine et la Coree (en marge de deux grandes cultures, elles ont ete victimes de l\u27invasion imperiale), Michel Louyot songe a ce qui a ete realise en Europe, mais ce qui n\u27est pas encore concretise en Extreme-Orient, a savoir le depassement de la haine. Le probleme interculturel bute immanquablement sur la question de l\u27identite et ceci au niveau collectif ("Quelle est notre culture") ainsi qu\u27individuel ("Qui suis-je"). S\u27il est vrai que, comme l\u27affirme Michel Louyot, "l\u27identite nait de l\u27echange et se renouvelle par lui", le refus de l\u27alterite signifie la stagnation culturelle et la perte de l\u27identite. Force nous serait donc de reconnaitre que la culture monolithique est une illusion et que nous vivons, comme les personnages de Michel Louyot, toujours deje dechires entre deux cultures

Ismail Kadare et Albanie : Variation sur Doruntine

Ismail Kadare, ne en 1936 a Girokastra, est, comme on le sait, l\u27un des plus celebres ecrivains de l\u27Albanie. Tres jeune, il s\u27est fait connaitre notamment grace au succes international de Le general de I\u27armee morte et il a plusieurs fois ete candidat au prix Nobel de la litterature. Etant donne que Kadare ecrit en albanais, rien n\u27est plus naturel que son oeuvre soit inseparablement liee a tout ce qui concerne ce peuple habitant dans le sud-ouest de la peninsule balkanique: son histoire, sa culture, ses legendes et mythes et evidemment sa politique cotemporaine. Mais il reussit si bien a universaliser son materiau "local" que l\u27on a tendance a oublier de quoi il fait son roman. En effet, il nasse sous silence la realite brute albanaise. Il n\u27est cependant pas fortuit que Kadare ait evite de traiter de facon directe et critique des problemes brulants dont souffrait son pays. Tant s\u27en faut. Cette sorte d\u27auto-censure prouve l\u27inseparabilite de son oeuvre et de la vie quotidienne de l\u27Albanie contemporaine; Kadare devait vivre (ecrire), comme tous ses compatriotes, sous la menace de la dictature d\u27Enver Hoxha (1908-85), qui etait au pouvoir depuis la fin de la guerre. Il etait oblige, sous peine de prison, de contourner ou mettre en fable les grands problemes contemporains - tvrannie ou politiaue totalitaire et isolement international. On ne pouvait alors que deviner ce qui se dissimulait derriere les paraboles que racontaient ses romans. Et pourtant la situation evolue depuis que Kadare s\u27est refugie en France en 1990; il s\u27est mis a s\u27exprimer librement.Et les oeuvres cachees par crainte de la police secrete n\u27ont pas tarde a voir le jour, dont L\u27ombre. Redige dans une version semi-codee en 1984-86, le manuscrit fut depose dans un coffre de banque a Paris, ordre etant donne a l\u27editeur de le publier aussitot en cas d\u27"accident" survenu a l\u27ecrivain. Heureusement cecui-ci a survecu au regime stalinien et l\u27oeuvre se voit publier en 1994. Dans ce roman en quelque sorte testamentaire et qui constitue le corpus principal de notre etude, Kadare revele pour la premire fois la matiere brute de sa litterature: isolement et souffranee du peuple albanais sous la dictature de Hoxha. Assuremment ne se contente-t-il pas de la reveler; il l\u27unversalise en la sublimant a l\u27aide du patrimoine legendaire et mythologique, notamment de la legende de Doruntine, a laquelle il a deja consacre deux roman: Le crepuscule des dieux de la steppe (1978) et Qui a ramene Doruntine? (1980). Partant d\u27une analyse rapide des deux romans precedents pour voir combien la dimension politique de la legende y est dissimulee, nous suivrons la troisieme variation sur Doruntine dans L\u27ombre. Variation au cours de laquelle une simple aventure amoureuse d\u27un Albanais avec une Parisienne se metamorphose en une histoire mythique de resurrection du peuple albanais. Nous esperons ainsi faire ressortir l\u27inseparable lien de la creation litteraire d\u27Ismail Kadare et de son pays

Thrombocytopenia in pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect and prognostic indicators of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy in thrombocytopenic patients with chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis, and those who underwent splenectomy or partial splenic embolization (PSE). METHODS: Of 326 patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease (252 with genotype 1b and 74 with genotype 2a/2b) treated with PEG-IFN/RBV, 90 were diagnosed with cirrhosis. RESULTS: Regardless of the degree of thrombocytopenia, the administration rate was significantly higher in the splenectomy/PSE group compared to the cirrhosis group. However, in patients with genotype 1b, the sustained virological response (SVR) rate was significantly lower in the cirrhosis and the splenectomy/PSE groups compared to the chronic hepatitis group. No cirrhotic patients with platelets less than 80,000 achieved an SVR. Patients with genotype 2a/2b were more likely to achieve an SVR than genotype 1b. Prognostic factors for SVR in patients with genotype 1b included the absence of esophageal and gastric varices, high serum ALT, low AST/ALT ratio, and the major homo type of the IL28B gene. Splenectomy- or PSE-facilitated induction of IFN in patients with genotype 2a/2b was more likely to achieve an SVR by an IFN dose maintenance regimen. Patients with genotype 1b have a low SVR regardless of splenectomy/PSE. In particular, patients with a hetero/minor type of IL28B did not have an SVR. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy/PSE for IFN therapy should be performed in patients expected to achieve a treatment response, considering their genotype and IL28B

Binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images of an eye with Wyburn-Mason syndrome : a case report

Background: To report a thicker choroid and larger choroidal luminal area in an eye with Wyburn-Mason syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an increase in the choroidal thickness and the luminal area in a case of Wyburn-Mason syndrome. In addition, we report the changing appearance of retinal arteriovenous malformations over a 16-year period. Case presentation: A 27-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with Wyburn-Mason syndrome at age 11 years, visited our clinic. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/12.5 in the right eye and light perception in the left eye. Severely dilated, tortuous vascular loops were distributed from the optic disc over all four quadrants of the left fundus. The vascular loops in some areas were more dilated and tortuous than 16 years earlier. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed retinal edema with cystic changes and enlarged choroidal vessel lumens in the left eye. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was manually measured by the caliper function in the enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) images. Binarization of the EDI-OCT images was performed with publicly accessible ImageJ software. The examined area of the subfoveal choroid was 1,500 μm wide, and the dark areas representing the luminal areas were traced by the Niblack method. After determining the distance of each pixel, the luminal area was automatically calculated. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was 250 μm in the right eye and 462 μm in the left eye. The luminal area of the 1,500-μm-wide subfoveal choroid was computed to be 307,165.6 μm2 in the right eye and 545,780.7 μm2 in the left eye. Conclusions: The EDI-OCT images showed a thicker choroid, and binarization of the EDI-OCT images showed that the luminal areas were significantly larger in the affected eye, suggesting a dilatation of the choroidal vessels. The results demonstrated that conversion of EDI-OCT images to binary images was a useful method to quantify the choroidal structure

Pivotal role of Sirt6 in the crosstalk among ageing, metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. As ageing and obesity has a great impact on the initiation/severity of OA, herein we sought to investigate the involvement of Sirt6 in the crosstalk between ageing and metabolic syndrome/OA. Sirt6 haploinsufficiency in mice promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the IPFP. Enhanced inflammation of the IPFP in the aged Sirt6 ± HFD group was paralleled with accelerated OA change, including osteophyte growth and chondrocyte hypertrophy. Conversely, mesenchyme-specific Sirt6-deficient mice revealed both attenuated chondrocyte hypertrophy and proteoglycan synthesis, although chondrocyte senescence was enhanced as shown in the aged WT mice. Thus Sirt6 has key roles in the relationship among ageing, metabolic syndrome, and OA

BioGlue® coronary embolism during open heart surgery

AbstractIn cases of iatrogenic coronary embolism during cardiac surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention, small air bubbles or foreign bodies are directly injected, which usually result in serious adverse events if not treated promptly. We herein describe the case of a patient who developed acute myocardial infarction resulting in shock due to BioGlue® (CryoLife, Atlanta, GA, USA)-induced coronary embolism during the surgical repair of aortic dissection and was treated for retrieval of the material using a thrombectomy catheter.<Learning objective: Coronary embolism caused by surgical adhesives is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. It is important for surgeons to promptly recognize and treat this serious condition in consultation with cardiologists.

Dermatomyositis relapse complicated with gastric carcinoma and lupus nephritis five years after the initial diagnosis of dermatomyositis

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学

Histological evaluation of nonsurgical periodontal treatment with and without the use of sodium hypochlorite / amino acids and cross-linked hyaluronic acid gels in dogs.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate periodontal wound healing following scaling and root planing (SRP) in conjunction with the application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) gels in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In four beagle dogs, 2-wall intrabony defects were created and metal strips were placed around the teeth. Clinical parameters were measured 4 weeks after plaque accumulation. The experimental root surfaces were subjected to SRP with either the subgingival application of a sodium hypochlorite/amino acid gel and a xHyA gel (test group) or SRP alone (control group) using a split-mouth design. Clinical parameters were re-evaluated at 6 weeks. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks for histological analysis. RESULTS The test group showed significant improvements in all clinical parameters compared to the control group. Histologically, the test group exhibited statistically significantly greater new bone formation [i.e., length of newly formed bone, new bone area] compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, statistically significantly greater formation of new attachment [i.e., linear length of new cementum adjacently to newly formed bone with inserting collagen fibers] and new cementum was detected in the test group compared with the control group at 8 weeks (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION The adjunctive subgingival application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acid and xHyA gels to SRP offers an innovative novel approach to enhance periodontal wound healing/regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings have for the first-time shown histologic evidence for periodontal regeneration in support of this novel treatment modality