Pattern discovery in trees : algorithms and applications to document and scientific data management

Ordered, labeled trees are trees in which each node has a label and the left-to-right order of its children (if it has any) is fixed. Such trees have many applications in vision, pattern recognition, molecular biology and natural language processing. In this dissertation we present algorithms for finding patterns in the ordered labeled trees. Specifically we study the largest approximately common substructure (LACS) problem for such trees. We consider a substructure of a tree T to be a connected subgraph of T. Given two trees T1, T2 and an integer d, the LACS problem is to find a substructure U1 of T1 and a substructure U2 of T2 such that U1 is within distance d of U2 and where there does not exist any other substructure V1 of T1 and V2 of T2 such that V1 and V2 satisfy the distance constraint and the sum of the sizes of V1 and V2 is greater than the sum of the sizes of U1 and U2. The LACS problem is motivated by the studies of document and RNA comparison. We consider two types of distance measures: the general edit distance and a restricted edit distance originated from Selkow. We present dynamic programming algorithms to solve the LACS problem based on the two distance measures. The algorithms run as fast as the best known algorithms for computing the distance of two trees when the distance allowed in the common substructures is a constant independent of the input trees. To demonstrate the utility of our algorithms, we discuss their applications to discovering motifs in multiple RNA secondary structures. Such an application shows an example of scientific data mining. We represent an RNA secondary structure by an ordered labeled tree based on a previously proposed scheme. The patterns in the trees are substructures that can differ in both substitutions and deletions/insertions of nodes of the trees. Our techniques incorporate approximate tree matching algorithms and novel heuristics for discovery and optimization. Experimental results obtained by running these algorithms on both generated data and RNA secondary structures show the good performance of the algorithms. It is shown that the optimization heuristics speed up the discovery algorithm by a factor of 10. Moreover, our optimized approach is 100,000 times faster than the brute force method. Finally we implement our techniques into a graphic toolbox that enables users to find repeated substructures in an RNA secondary structure as well as frequently occurring patterns in multiple RNA secondary structures pertaining to rhinovirus obtained from the National Cancer Institute. The system is implemented in C programming language and X windows and is fully operational on SUN workstations

Adolescent Personality, Confucian Values, Parenting Typologies and Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes: A Study in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among adolescent personality traits, Confucian values, parenting styles (and psychological control), and aggressive behaviors in South Korean families. Although the use of aggression by Korean adolescents has increased in contemporary Korean society, there is a lack of research on how adolescent personality traits and cultural values impact adolescent behavioral outcomes through parenting styles and psychological control. The sample included 361 parents (mothers and fathers) and their adolescents (7th and 8th grade) and the teachers of participating adolescents. Results indicated that adolescents\u27 agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism were associated with adolescent overt, relational, and cyber aggression. Adolescents\u27 Confucian values were associated with their relational and cyber aggression. Mothers\u27 Confucian values were associated with their adolescents\u27 overt aggression, and fathers\u27 Confucian values were related to their adolescents\u27 cyber aggression. Mothers\u27 and fathers\u27 authoritarianism did play an important role as a mediator in the relationship between adolescents\u27 personality traits and their aggression. Adolescents\u27 personality traits were associated with their overt aggression via a mediating role of fathers\u27 and mothers\u27 psychological control. Findings revealed that parenting styles and psychological control did not mediate the relationship between adolescent and parental Confucian values and adolescents\u27 aggressive behavioral problems

Experimental analysis of power harvesting on vehicle vibration using smart piezoelectric materials

In this paper the experimental analysis for power harvesting from mechanical vibration on a vehicle has been studied by using QuickPack smart materials with piezoelectric effect. The finite element ANSYS method (ANSYS FEM) was applied to explore the required mechanical structure, modal and harmonic analysis, and electrical feature, i.e., output voltage, admittance. The experimental platform consists of a shocker and a lever, which simulated a periodical oscillation on vehicle vibration, for evaluating conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electrical energy. During loading experiments of power generation, the electromechanical coupling characteristics of smart materials were investigated via a proposed testing circuit. Also, various electrical output loadings were specified within resistance of 5~3000 kΩ. Through the experiment analysis, the power harvesting test with a buck converter at the output terminal was processed to obtain the spectrum analysis of output voltage within the vibrating frequencies below 200 Hz, controlled by the electromagnetic shaker. Based on the comparison between ANSYS FEM and spectrum analysis, the optimal results of mechanical oscillating quantities have been verified by the maximum output voltage for the QuickPack NQ45N material. Hence, the optimum power harvesting of the smart material has the maximum output power of 0.18 mW at 26-Hz-vibration on a vehicle

Disease universe: Visualisation of population-wide disease-wide associations

We apply a force-directed spring embedding graph layout approach to electronic health records in order to visualise population-wide associations between human disorders as presented in an individual biological organism. The introduced visualisation is implemented on the basis of the Google maps platform and can be found at http://disease-map.net . We argue that the suggested method of visualisation can both validate already known specifics of associations between disorders and identify novel never noticed association patterns.Comment: 4 pages (2 pics) the main paper + 8 pages (3 pics) Supplementary Material

KINEMATICS OF SOCCER DRIBBLING IN DIFFERENT TASKS

The purpose of this study was to find the differences in kinematics between different speeds and cutting directions. Ten male university division 1 soccer players served as the subjects in this study. The Vicon Motion System and the KISTLER force platform were used synchronously to collect data. The length of projection vector was normalized by leg length. 2way ANOVA was used for statistics. Simple main effect was tested if no significant interaction effect was noted. The significant level was set as .05. The length of projection vector between COM and the heel of pivot leg onto X-Y plane in high speed tasks were longer than that in low speed tasks (p \u3c .05). The angle between the X axis and the projection vector between COM and the heel of pivot leg onto X-Y plane had significant interaction effect (p \u3c .05). In low speed tasks, players’ pivot legs landed more laterally and that might enhance lateral motion of body, especially when players cut to the dominate side (right). It was concluded that players would change their cutting tactics at different speeds and in different directions. Landing position of pivot leg might be a factor that would help defender to know the cutting side of attacker at low dribbling speed

THE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SOCCER PLAYER ON INSTEP KICKING

This study improves kicking performance by comparing muscle activity between different levels of players. Twelve soccer players in the college cup in division I and division II volunteered to participate in this study. A VlCON motion capture system (200 Hz) was used to capture the kicking motion including back-swing and forward-swing. The Noraxon electromyography system was used to collect and analyze the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction on rectus femoris, bicepsfemoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius. The Mann-Whilney U (a = -05) test was applied to assess significant differences in this study. The results indicated that division II players had a greater percentage maximum voluntary contraction in tibialis anterior in the back-swing. To avoid stiff movements in soccer kicks, division II players should decrease muscle contraction in the tiblalis anterior In the back-swing

THE KINEMATICS CHAIN OF INSTEP KICKING OF SOCCER WITH UPPERBODY CONSTRAINED: A PILOT STUDY

The purpose of this study was to understand the kicking performance when the upperbody motion has been limited. One player in the college cup level A volunteered to participate in this study (Aged: 20 years, Height: 172 cm, Body mass: 65 kg). A VICON motion capture system (200 Hz) was used to capture the kicking motion. The participant was asked to kick the ball both using an arm swing and not using an arm swing. The Visual3D was used to calculate the segment velocity, angular velocity, and kinetic chain. The results indicated that kicking with arm swing had a greater ball and lower-extrimity segment velocity. The main effect for lower ball velocity during kicking without arm swing is the decreased angular velocity at the ankle joint. When arm motion has been limited, players should noticed that the ankle joint needs to follow through after foot-ball contact

The national palace museum as a case study for client-and-industry collaboration in the design and development of museum products

Since 1970s, contemporary museums have taken a far more active role in promoting themselves through management and marketing than before. Several internationally wellknown museums, such as the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art have been undergoing this process. The National Palace Museum (NPM) is also following this trend. Since 2008 the NPM has played the role of promoting cultural and creative industries based on Taiwan government policy. Under the concept of “Old is New” introduced by the NPM, the museum hopes to engage younger audiences in Chinese culture and promote its image and collection by holding museum product design competitions and the “Workshop for cultural and creative development” to interpret ancient creativity by contemporary design concept. By collaborating with industry, the NPM hopes to engage and nurture young talented designers in Chinese culture, and market its brand through the designers’ creative interpretation of the museum collection. This research focuses on the NPM and the “Workshop for cultural and creative development” as case study. The NPM workshop aims at educating and nurturing designers with knowledge of Chinese culture through its collection so that the designers can present new interpretations of old designs. The workshop was examined for the collaboration between the NPM and five selected design companies that participated in the development of museum products. Qualitative data collected from interviews with NPM staff and design companies were analysed to identify the various levels of collaboration and responses, and types of outcomes in relation to the museum’s aims. Research findings show that various issues affected design process and the collaborations between the NPM and participating companies, such as the interpretation of collection, creativity of design concepts, and difficulties in production. Design companies also responded to the workshop in different ways. The workshop is also a channel not only for the NPM to seek potential partnership, but also provides participants with an opportunity to collaborate with the Museum. Nevertheless the workshop demonstrates potential as a management strategy to facilitate the relationship between the NPM and the cultural and creative industry in the design and development of museum products

Experiences with RFID-Based Interactive Learning in Museums

Tourism plays an important role in the economies of many countries. Tourism can secure employment, foreign exchange earnings, investment and regional development. To attract more tourists and local visitors, many stakeholders such as natural parks, museums, art galleries, hotels and restaurants provide personalised services to meet individual needs. With the increasing number of tourists comes an increased demand for guides at education-oriented leisure centers. Each provided needs unique way to present their services. In this study, these educational leisure centres are coarsely divided into art and science. This paper introduces the architecture of the proposed guide system including a PDA-based recommendation guide for art museums and an Radiofrequency identification-based interactive learning system using collaborative filtering technology for science and engineering education. Evaluations of the two systems reveal that the system inspires and nurtures visitors’ interest in science and arts

CALIBRATION OF PRESSURE SENSORS FOR HAND GRIP MEASUREMENT

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of grip force sensors. Methods: Several standard weights were used to calibrate the grip sensor in the static condition, The descriptive statistics and linear regression were used to present the accuracy and errors. Results: Results of this study showed a high level of sensing areas linear relationship under static loading. Conclusion: Data from this study showed high accuracy of the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor could te used for hand grip measurement