Preparation and structure characterization of soluble bone collagen peptide chelating calcium

In this study, G-25 gel chromatography, X-diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze soluble collagen peptides chelating calcium. Collagen peptide hydrolysis can be divided into four components using G-25 gel chromatography. Each component of calcium binding capacity was different and the components whose molecular weight was less than 5000 Da had a relatively high calcium binding capacity. In the infrared spectra experimental certification, after the collagen peptides had combined with calcium, amide I, II wave number was displaced, which indicated that amino nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms on the carboxyl groups were involved in chelation. In the UV scan spectra, the characteristic absorption peak of the collagen peptide’s carbonyl and the peptide bond was clearly shifted, indicating that collagen peptides have reacted with calcium. In SEM spectra, a lot of white grains were seen to be "embedded" clearly in the surface of the collagen peptide, indicating that besides the reaction of coordination between collagen peptides and calcium, there was a certain degree of adsorption. After combination with calcium, the X-ray diffraction spectra showed that the no rules non-crystal structure collagen peptides turned into rules crystal structure. According to the structure analysis which showed that collagen peptide chelated calcium is a five-membered ring structure, calcium is in the center and was combined strongly with both the amino- and carboxyl-group.Key words: Bone, calcium binding, molecular weight, collagen peptide

Performance characteristics of an HTS linear synchronous motor with HTS bulk magnet secondary

A single-sided high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) with an HTS bulk magnet array as its secondary has been developed, and a split pulse coil magnetization system is used to magnetize the secondary HTS bulks with alternating magnetic poles. The electromagnetic parameters of the HTSLSM have been calculated to verify its performance. The HTSLSM is incorporated with a developed control system based on the voltage space vector pulsewidth modulation strategy implemented by a computer-software-controlled platform. A compositive experimental testing system has also been developed to measure the thrust and normal force of the HTSLSM. The traits of the thrust and normal force have been comprehensively identified experimentally, and the results from the experiments and analysis would benefit the electromagnetic design and the control scheme development for the HTSLSM. © 2006 IEEE

Power electronic-controlled high Q resonator theory with HTS technology

Power electronic-controlled switch has been used with a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) to develop an advanced high Q resonant circuit. With a HTS, a very high Q circuit can be achieved; consequently special aspects such as high voltage generation can be theoretically and practically realized. Theoretical study has been carried out for this concept and method, and this paper describes the theory of this high Q resonant circuit and the operational principle. © 2006 IEEE

HTS high Q resonant controller

High Tc superconductor (HTS) technology has been used to develop an advanced high Q resonant circuit and its devices. With a HTS, a very high Q circuit can be achieved; consequently special aspects such as high voltage generation and high current control can be theoretically and practically realized. Theoretical study has been carried out, as well as a practical approach has been made for the concept verification. This paper describes the theory of this high Q resonant circuit and the operational principle of its high voltage generation and current control

Performance analysis of a linear motor with HTS bulk magnets for driving a prototype HTS maglev vehicle

This paper presents the performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor which employs high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnets on the mover and normal copper windings on the stator. The linear motor is designed to drive a prototype HTS maglev vehicle in which the mover is suspended by the levitation force between HTS bulks on the mover and permanent magnets on the ground. Finite element magnetic field analysis is conducted to calculate the major parameters of the linear motor and an equation is derived to calculate the electromagnetic thrust force. Theoretical calculations are verified by the measured results on the prototype. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

Medium-frequency-link power conversion for high power density renewable energy systems

Recent advances in solid-state semiconductors and magnetic materials have provided the impetus for medium frequency-link based medium voltage power conversion systems, which would be a possible solution to reducing the weight and volume of renewable power generation systems. To verify this new concept, in this paper, a laboratory prototype of 1.73 kVA medium-frequency-link power conversion system is developed for a scaled down 1 kV grid applications. The design and implementation of the prototyping, test platform, and the experimental results are analyzed and discussed. It is expected that the proposed new technology would have great potential for future renewable and smart grid applications. © 2013 IEEE

B-H relations of magnetorheological fluid under 2-D rotating magnetic field excitation

This paper presents the investigation of the B-H relations of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid under one-dimensional (1-D) alternating and two-dimensional (2-D) rotating magnetic field excitations where B is magnetic flux density and H is magnetic field strength. The measurement is carried out by using a single sheet tester with an MR fluid sample. The measurement principle and structure of the testing system are described. The calibration of the B and H sensing coils are also reported. The relations between B and H on the MR fluid sample under 2-D rotating magnetic field excitations have been measured and compared with the results under 1-D excitations showing that the B-H relations under 2-D excitations are significantly different from the 1-D case. These data would be useful for design and analysis of MR smart structures like MR dampers. © 2013 IEEE

Optimization of a five-phase E-core bearingless flux-switching permanent magnet motor for flywheel batteries

© 2018 IEEE. In this paper, a five-phase E-core bearingless fluxswitching permanent magnet (BSFPM) motor for flywheel batteries is proposed and optimized. First, the structure and the principle of the BSFPM motor are described simply. Second, the trial and error method is used to obtain the most reasonable relationship of center tooth arc width and edge tooth arc width, and then the electromagnetic torque and suspension force after optimization are got. The motor after optimization has smoother five-phase flux-linkage and the disturbance of the torque and suspension force decrease

Green tea polyphenols ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through upregulating AMPK activation in high fat fed Zucker fatty rats

© The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. To investigate protective effects and molecular mechanisms of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats. METHODS Male ZF rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 wk then treated with GTP (200 mg/kg) or saline (5 mL/kg) for 8 wk, with Zucker lean rat as their control. At the end of experiment, serum and liver tissue were collected for measurement of metabolic parameters, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory cytokines and hepatic triglyceride and liver histology. Immunoblotting was used to detect phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). RESULTS Genetically obese ZF rats on a HFD presented with metabolic features of hepatic pathological changes comparable to human with NAFLD. GTP intervention decreased weight gain (10.1%, P = 0.052) and significantly lowered visceral fat (31.0%, P < 0.01). Compared with ZF-controls, GTP treatment significantly reduced fasting serum insulin, glucose and lipids levels. Reduction in serum ALT and AST levels (both P < 0.01) were observed in GTP-treated ZF rats. GTP treatment also attenuated the elevated TNFα and IL-6 in the circulation. The increased hepatic TG accumulation and cytoplasmic lipid droplet were attenuated by GTP treatment, associated with significantly increased expression of AMPK-Thr172 (P < 0.05) and phosphorylated ACC and SREBP1c (both P < 0.05), indicating diminished hepatic lipogenesis and triglycerides out flux from liver in GTP treated rats. CONCLUSION The protective effects of GTP against HFD-induced NAFLD in genetically obese ZF rats are positively correlated to reduction in hepatic lipogenesis through upregulating the AMPK pathway

A particle swarm optimization based memetic algorithm for dynamic optimization problems

Copyright @ Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2010.Recently, there has been an increasing concern from the evolutionary computation community on dynamic optimization problems since many real-world optimization problems are dynamic. This paper investigates a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based memetic algorithm that hybridizes PSO with a local search technique for dynamic optimization problems. Within the framework of the proposed algorithm, a local version of PSO with a ring-shape topology structure is used as the global search operator and a fuzzy cognition local search method is proposed as the local search technique. In addition, a self-organized random immigrants scheme is extended into our proposed algorithm in order to further enhance its exploration capacity for new peaks in the search space. Experimental study over the moving peaks benchmark problem shows that the proposed PSO-based memetic algorithm is robust and adaptable in dynamic environments.This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 70431003 and Grant No. 70671020, the National Innovation Research Community Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60521003, the National Support Plan of China under Grant No. 2006BAH02A09 and the Ministry of Education, science, and Technology in Korea through the Second-Phase of Brain Korea 21 Project in 2009, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of UK under Grant EP/E060722/01 and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Research Grants under Grant G-YH60