Trees for Iraq from homoclimates

The method of Thornthwaite for classifying climate was applied to identify homoclimates for the three climatic types of Iraq, the mountain, the steppe, and the desert; all types are characterized by winter precipitation and summer drought. Data of mean monthly temperature and mean monthly precipitation were used in the identification of homoclimates. Potential evapotranspiration and moisture indices for the Iraqi stations were computed and six moisture provinces were recognized: Perhumid (A), Humid (B1), Moist subhumid (C2) and Dry subhumid (C1) in the mountain areas; Semiarid (D) in the foothill areas; Arid (E) in the plains (middle and southern Iraq). Areas include parts of southern California, the Atlas mountains of Algeria and Morocco, Central Chile, West Australia, Canary Islands, part of Iraq and Turkey, parts of Greece, parts of Italy, parts of Portugal, and parts of Spain, have climates similar to those of Iraq. Within the identified homoclimates the search for tree species more likely to be introduced to Iraw has been done. Different areas of Iraq was found to fulfill the requirement of 13 species. Those species are: 1. Abies cilicica Carr. - native to Taurus, Syria and Lebanon. For provinces A, B1, and C2. 2. Argania sideroxylon Roem. and Schult. - native to the arid Atlantic coastal hills south of Morocco. For provinces D and E. 3. Alnus prientalis Decne. - native to the eastern Mediterranean region. For provinces C1, D, and E. A. Arbutus andrachne L. ~ native to Greece. For province D. 5. Callitris glauca R. Br. - native to Australia. For provinces C1, D, and E. 6. Cedrus atlantica Manetti - native to the mountains of Morocco and Algeria. For provinces A, B1, and C2. 7. Cedrus brevifolia Chook.f.) Henry - native to Cyprus. For provinces A, B1, and C2. 8. Pinus canariensis C. Sm. - native to Canary Islands. For provinces C2 and C1. 9. Pinus ponderosa Laws, - native to western North America from southern British Columbia to central Mexico. For provinces A, B1, and C2. 10. Peumus boldus Molina - native to central Chile. For provinces C1 and D. 11. Pinus pinaster Ait, - native to the western Mediterranean from France and Portugal to western Italy, and from Morocco to western Tunisia. For provinces A, B1, and C2. 12. Quercus douglasii Hook, and Arn. - native to California. For provinces C1 and D. 13. Quillaja saponaria Molina - native to Chile. For provinces C1 and D

MAKNA KONSUMSI BAGI ATLET JUNIOR BALAP SEPEDA DI KOTA MALANG

Abstrak Pola hidup dan pola konsumsipada kehidupan seorang atlet, sangatlah kontras dengan masyarakat pada umumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami pola perilaku konsumtif seorang atlet junior balap sepeda dan memahami makna perilaku konsumtif bagi para atlet balap sepeda di Kota Malang. Teori yang digunakan yaitu teori dari Thorstein Veblen.Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi Alfred Schutz. Lokasi penelitiannya berlokasidimessBalap Sepeda Velodrom Kota Malang. Subyek penelitian dipilih secara purposive, diantaranya atlet balap sepeda dan komunitas bikers di Kota Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara obsevasi, indepth interview dan partisipant observer. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwapola konsumsi atlet balap sepeda kota malang diantaranya adalah konsumsi sebagai prioritas, konsumsi sebagai kualitas diri professional, konsumsi sebagai sarana motivasi,percaya diri, serta konsumsi timbul dari perilaku senior dan pelatih. Berikutnya adalah makna konsumsi atlet balap sepeda diantaranya adalah konsumsi sebagai style, konsumsi sebagai life style, konsumsi sebagai gengsi, konsumsi untuk sebuah kesenangan dan konsumsi sebagai status sosial serta gaya hidup yang dibentuk oleh habitus.   Kata Kunci:Bikers, Atlet Sepeda, Pola Konsumtif.   Abstract Lifestyle and consumption patterns in the life of an athlete, is in stark contrast with the public at large.The purpose of this research is to understand the consumer behavior pattern of an athlete junior cycling and understand the significance of consumer behavior for the cyclist in Malang.The theory used is the theory of Thorstein Veblen. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach of phenomenology of Alfred Schutz.Location research located in the mess Cycling Velodrome Malang. The study subjects were selected purposively, including cyclist and biker community in Malang.Data was collected by means of observation, depth interview and partisipant observer.The study says that the consumption patterns of the poor city cyclist include consumption as a priority, as the consumption of professional qualities, consumption as a means of motivation, self-confidence, as well as consumer behavior arising from the seniors and coaches.Next is the meaning of consumption include the cyclist as a styling consumption, consumption as a life style, consumption as prestige, pleasure and consumption for consumption as a social status and lifestyle shaped by habitus. Keywords : Bikers, Bike Athlete, Pattern Consumerist

Struktur bahasa Tombulu

Buku Struktur Bahasa Tombulu ini merupakan salah satu hasil Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan sasira Indonesia dan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan tahun 1983/1984 yang pelaksanaannya dipercayakan kepada tim peneliti dari FPBS IKIP Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu aspek penelitian untuk kegiatan tahun 1983/1984 di seluruh Indonesia, yang telah diatur oleh Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Jakarta