<特別寄稿>The Self Deflated

This is an expanded version of the talk, “A Deflationary Conception of the Self, ” which I gave at the conference, Aspects of Self: A Workshop, at Kyoto University on May 14, 2018.The first-person singular notion MYSELF is divided into two parts: ME and SELF. SELF is shown to be applicable to all sorts of things, not just human beings or persons, and analyzable in terms of the relations of anaphoric dependence and identity. The so-called problems of the self are recast as having little to do with SELF but as having everything to do with ME, and a version of adverbialism concerning so-called attitudes de se is offered

Logic of alternative-I

This paper aims to construct a logic of alternative-I that provides a proper conceptual framework for talk of possible-I in decision-making context, and thereby solves what we call the paradox of possible-I. The model of our logic, Alt-I model, is an adaptation of N. Belnap’s branching-time model, and the STIT (see to it that) operator defined on the model serves to represent choices and decisions made by actual and counterfactual agents. We conclude this paper by discussing the application of Alt-I model to the case of digital twins, digital copies of a person

Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010: General view of the pathogens\u27 antibacterial susceptibility

The nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from patients in Japan, was conducted by Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010.The isolates were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections during the period from January and April 2010 by three societies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institutes using maximum 45 antibacterial agents.Susceptibility testing was evaluable with 954 strains (206 Staphylococcus aureus, 189 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 Streptococcus pyogenes, 182 Haemophilus influenzae, 74 Moraxella catarrhalis, 139 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 160 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ratio of methicillin-resistant S.aureus was as high as 50.5%, and those of penicillin-intermediate and -resistant S.pneumoniae were 1.1% and 0.0%, respectively. Among H.influenzae, 17.6% of them were found to be β-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-intermediately resistant, 33.5% to be β-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-resistant and 11.0% to be β-lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing K.pneumoniae and multi-drug resistant P.aeruginosa with metallo β-lactamase were 2.9% and 0.6%, respectively.Continuous national surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory pathogens is crucial in order to monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and to be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis

実験嚢胞腎における嚢胞形成とクエン酸の効果に関する検討

[目的]多発性嚢胞腎では,嚢胞の増加,増大に伴い,進行性に腎機能が低下し腎不全に至るが,,嚢胞形成,進展に関与する因子はまだ充分に解明されていない.今回,我々は実験的嚢胞形成ラットを用い,腎嚢胞形成および腎機能悪化に対するクエン酸の影響を検討した.[対象および方法]Sprague-Dawley種ラットを3群に分け,グループ1は通常の飼料のみを,グループ2はジエチルサイアゾール(DPT)を4週間,グループ3はDPTとクエン酸を4週間与えた.4週後,24時間蓄尿と血液検査を行い,摘出腎臓を組織学的に検討した.また,クロライドチャネル-K(CLC-K)の発現をノーザンブロッティングおよび免疫組織学的に確認した.[結果]嚢胞形成は,DPTを摂取したグループ2と3のすべてのラットに認められたが,DPTとクエン酸をともに摂取したグループ3では嚢胞面積は有意に小さかった.GFRはグループ2が最も低く,明らかにグループ3に比べて低下していた.CLC-Kは,グループ2でグループ1より発現が弱かったが,グループ3はグループ2より発現が強かった.尿細管上皮細胞でのCLC-K(2)はグループ3でグループ2よりも強く染色され,嚢胞の増大に伴い染色性が低下していた.[結語]クエン酸は,実験的嚢胞形成ラットにおいて,嚢胞形成を阻害し,腎機能悪化を抑制した.尿細管上皮細胞でのCLC-Kの発現や局在の違いが,嚢胞増大に関与していると考えられた.[Background] We investigated the effects of citrate on the development of renal cysts and renal dysfunction in experimental polycystic kidney disease (PKD). [Methods] Renal cystic disease was chemically induced by orally administered diphenylthiazole (DPT). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups : Group 1, normal rats ; Group 2, rats with DPT intake for 4 weeks ; Group 3, rats with DPT and citrate intake for 4 weeks. The expression and localization of chloride channel-K (CLC-K (2)) were examined using Northern blotting and immunohistochemistry. [Results] Cysts were found in the kidneys of all the rats in Group 2 and Group 3, but fewer and smaller cysts were found in Group 3. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lowest in Group 2 and significantly better in Group 3. The expression of CLC-K was weaker in Group 2 than in Group 1 and stronger in Group 3 than in Group 2. CLC-K (2) staining in the epithelial cells weakened with cyst development. CLC-K (2) staining was stronger in Group 3 than in Group 2. [Conclusion] Citrate retards cyst formation and helps to prevent the deterioration of renal function in experimental PKD. Differences in the expression and localization of CLC-K in the epithelial cells may be attributable to the development of PKD