Modified smoothed particle method and its application to transient heat conduction

Inspired by the idea of applying kernel approximation to Taylor series expansions proposed in the corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM), a modi¿cation is developed to improve the accuracy of the approximations especially for particles in the boundary region. The large global error of the function approximation in CSPM is reduced in the present method. The large local truncation error in the boundary region for the ¿rst derivative approximation and large local truncation error in the entire domain for the second derivative approximation are also resolved. The e¿ciency of the proposed method is demonstrated by solving one- and two-dimensional transient heat conduction problems

Joint effect of the western and eastern Pacific warm pools on ENSO cycle

International audienceThe zonal displacement of the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP) and the meridional displacement of the eastern Pacific warm pool (EPWP) and their responses to wind anomalies over the tropical Pacific were investigated. Joint effect of the WPWP and EPWP on ENSO was examined based on a joint effect index, which is a combination of the standardized anomaly time series of the eastern edge of the WPWP and the southern edge of the EPWP. Results show that both WPWP and EPWP are major providers of warm water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The anomalous eastward extension of the WPWP and abnormal southward extension of the EPWP can supply a large amount of warm water into Nino3 region of the north equator, result in dramatic local SST increase, and trigger El Niño. To the contrary, as scope of the WPWP retreats westward and the EPWP retreats northward, a La Niña will outburst. One cannot separate apart the roles played by the WPWP and EPWP on ENSO, and the joint effect of both warm pools must be considered. A joint index of 1.6 means a new El Niño event is likely to happen