46,641 research outputs found
An ant colony optimization approach for maximizing the lifetime of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
Maximizing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging problem. Although some methods exist to address the problem in homogeneous WSNs, research on this problem in heterogeneous WSNs have progressed at a slow pace. Inspired by the promising performance of ant colony optimization (ACO) to solve combinatorial problems, this paper proposes an ACO-based approach that can maximize the lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs. The methodology is based on finding the maximum number of disjoint connected covers that satisfy both sensing coverage and network connectivity. A construction graph is designed with each vertex denoting the assignment of a device in a subset. Based on pheromone and heuristic information, the ants seek an optimal path on the construction graph to maximize the number of connected covers. The pheromone serves as a metaphor for the search experiences in building connected covers. The heuristic information is used to reflect the desirability of device assignments. A local search procedure is designed to further improve the search efficiency. The proposed approach has been applied to a variety of heterogeneous WSNs. The results show that the approach is effective and efficient in finding high-quality solutions for maximizing the lifetime of heterogeneous WSNs
A unified approach to compute foliations, inertial manifolds, and tracking initial conditions
Several algorithms are presented for the accurate computation of the leaves
in the foliation of an ODE near a hyperbolic fixed point. They are variations
of a contraction mapping method in [25] to compute inertial manifolds, which
represents a particular leaf in the unstable foliation. Such a mapping is
combined with one for the leaf in the stable foliation to compute the tracking
initial condition for a given solution. The algorithms are demonstrated on the
Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation
Nonstationary Nonlinear Heteroskedasticity in Regression
This paper considers the regression with errors having nonstationary nonlinear heteroskedasticity. For both the usual stationary regression and the nonstationary cointegrating regression, we develop the asymptotic theories for the least squares methods in the presence of conditional heterogeneity given as a nonlinear function of an integrated process. In particular, it is shown that the nonstationarity of volatility in the regression errors may induce spuriousness of the underlying regression. This is true for both the usual stationary regression and the nonstationary cointegrating regression, if excessive nonstationary volatility is present in the errors. Mild nonstationary volatilities do not render the underlying regression spurious. However, their presence makes the least squares estimator asymptotically biased and inefficient and the usual chi-square test invalid. In the paper, we develop an unbiased and efficient method of estimation and a chi-square test applicable for the regression with mild nonstationary volatilities in the errors. We provide some illustrations to demonstrate the empirical relevancy of the model and theory developed in the paper. For this purpose, examined are US consumption function, EURO/USD forward-spot spreads and capital-asset pricing models for some major NYSE stocksvolatility, nonstationary nonlinear heteroskedasticity, regression with heteroskedastic errors, spurious regression, cointegration
Business integration models in the context of web services.
E-commerce development and applications have
been bringing the Internet to business and marketing
and reforming our current business styles and
processes. The rapid development of the Web, in
particular, the introduction of the semantic web and
web service technologies, enables business
processes, modeling and management to enter an
entirely new stage. Traditional web based business
data and transactions can now be analyzed,
extracted and modeled to discover new business
rules and to form new business strategies, let alone
mining the business data in order to classify
customers or products. In this paper, we investigate
and analyze the business integration models in the
context of web services using a micro-payment
system because a micro-payment system is
considered to be a service intensive activity, where
many payment tasks involve different forms of
services, such as payment method selection for
buyers, security support software, product price
comparison, etc. We will use the micro-payment case
to discuss and illustrate how the web services
approaches support and transform the business
process and integration model.
Scattering of Bunched Fractionally Charged Quasiparticles
The charge of fractionally charged quasiparticles, proposed by Laughlin to
explain the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), was recently verified by
measurements. Charge q=e/3 and e/5 (e is the electron charge), at filling
factors nu=1/3 and 2/5, respectively, were measured. Here we report the
unexpected bunching of fractional charges, induced by an extremely weak
backscattering potential at exceptionally low electron temperatures (T<10 mK) -
deduced from shot noise measurements. Backscattered charges q=nu e,
specifically, q=e/3, q=2e/5, and q<3e/7, in the respective filling factors,
were measured. For the same settings but at an only slightly higher electron
temperature, the measured backscattered charges were q=e/3, q=e/5, and q=e/7.
In other words, bunching of backscattered quasiparticles is taking place at
sufficiently low temperatures. Moreover, the backscattered current exhibited
distinct temperature dependence that was correlated to the backscattered charge
and the filling factor. This observation suggests the existence of 'low' and
'high' temperature backscattering states, each with its characteristic charge
and characteristic energy.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Adaptive multiscale model reduction with Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Methods
In this paper, we discuss a general multiscale model reduction framework
based on multiscale finite element methods. We give a brief overview of related
multiscale methods. Due to page limitations, the overview focuses on a few
related methods and is not intended to be comprehensive. We present a general
adaptive multiscale model reduction framework, the Generalized Multiscale
Finite Element Method. Besides the method's basic outline, we discuss some
important ingredients needed for the method's success. We also discuss several
applications. The proposed method allows performing local model reduction in
the presence of high contrast and no scale separation
Shuttle rocket booster computational fluid dynamics
Additional results and a revised and improved computer program listing from the shuttle rocket booster computational fluid dynamics formulations are presented. Numerical calculations for the flame zone of solid propellants are carried out using the Galerkin finite elements, with perturbations expanded to the zeroth, first, and second orders. The results indicate that amplification of oscillatory motions does indeed prevail in high frequency regions. For the second order system, the trend is similar to the first order system for low frequencies, but instabilities may appear at frequencies lower than those of the first order system. The most significant effect of the second order system is that the admittance is extremely oscillatory between moderately high frequency ranges
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