3,551 research outputs found
Model-independent test of gravity with a network of ground-based gravitational-wave detectors
The observation of gravitational waves with a global network of
interferometric detectors such as advanced LIGO, advanced Virgo, and KAGRA will
make it possible to probe into the nature of space-time structure. Besides
Einstein's general theory of relativity, there are several theories of
gravitation that passed experimental tests so far. The gravitational-wave
observation provides a new experimental test of alternative theories of gravity
because a gravitational wave may have at most six independent modes of
polarization, of which properties and number of modes are dependent on theories
of gravity. This paper proposes a method to reconstruct the independent modes
of polarization in time-series data of an advanced detector network. Since the
method does not rely on any specific model, it gives model-independent test of
alternative theories of gravity
Cosmological test of gravity with polarizations of stochastic gravitational waves around 0.1-1 Hz
In general relativity, a gravitational wave has two polarization modes
(tensor mode), but it could have additional polarizations (scalar and vector
modes) in the early stage of the universe, where the general relativity may not
strictly hold and/or the effect of higher-dimensional gravity may become
significant. In this paper, we discuss how to detect extra-polarization modes
of stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), and study the separability
of each polarization using future space-based detectors such as BBO and DECIGO.
We specifically consider two plausible setups of the spacecraft constellations
consisting of two and four clusters, and estimate the sensitivity to each
polarization mode of GWBs. We find that a separate detection of each
polarization mode is rather sensitive to the geometric configuration and
distance between clusters and that the clusters should be, in general,
separated by an appropriate distance. This seriously degrades the signal
sensitivity, however, for suitable conditions, space-based detector can
separately detect scalar, vector and tensor modes of GWBs with energy density
as low as ~10^-15.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure
Sense-making of consumer wellbeing in information technology-enabled services from a relational ontology position
Information technology (IT) built into products and services have become the key drivers for service innovation. How information technology-enabled services (ITESs) affect consumer wellbeing has increasingly become a concern to service scholars. In response to this, transformative service research (TSR) has emerged as a new stream in service research. This paper investigates consumer wellbeing derived from the consumption of ITESs in consumers’ daily lives. A mixed-method approach was employed in our study, including self-reflective reports, in-depth interviews and visual artistic methods. We demonstrated that a relational ontology, drawing on the ‘focal things’ concept (Borgmann, 1984) and sociomateriality (Orlikowski, 2009), could be used as a lens for us to understand consumer wellbeing in ITESs. We used four vignettes to demonstrate how relational ontology can enhance our understanding of consumer wellbeing in ITESs. Theoretically, this paper contributes to TSR by proposing and demonstrating the need to shift or at least extend the extant predominant technology ontology in marketing literature to make sense of consumer experiences and wellbeing in ITESs. In practice, this research encourages ITESs designers to emphasise the relational entanglement of technology with consumer routine practices in their service innovations for the purposes of consumer wellbeing
Visser's Massive Gravity Bimetric Theory Revisited
A massive gravity theory was proposed by Visser in the late nineties. This
theory, based on a backgroung metric and on an usual
dynamical metric has the advantage of being free of ghosts
as well as discontinuities present in other massive theories proposed in the
past. In the present investigation, the equations of Visser's theory are
revisited with a particular care on the related conservation laws.\ It will be
shown that a multiplicative factor is missing in the graviton tensor originally
derived by Visser, which has no incidence on the weak field approach but
becomes important in the strong field regime when, for instance, cosmological
applications are considered. In this case, contrary to some previous claims
found in the literature, we conclude that a non-static background metric is
required in order to obtain a solution able to mimic the CDM
cosmology.Comment: 10 pages - Accepted for publication in Physical Review
The Music of the Aetherwave - B-mode Polarization in Einstein-Aether Theory
We study how the dynamical vector degree of freedom in modified gravity
affects the CMB B-mode polarization in terms of the Einstein-aether theory. In
this theory, vector perturbations can be generated from inflation, which can
grow on superhorizon scales in the subsequent epochs and thereby leaves
imprints on the CMB B-mode polarization. We derive the linear perturbation
equations in a covariant formalism, and compute the CMB B-mode polarization
using the CAMB code modified so as to incorporate the effect of the aether
vector field. We find that the amplitude of the B-mode signal from the aether
field can surpass the contribution from the inflationary gravitational waves
for a viable range of model parameters. We also give an analytic argument
explaining the shape of the spectrum based on the tight coupling approximation.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Alternate Method of Phycocyanin Extraction
Phycocyanin is an abundant protein-pigment complex in many photosynthetic microbes and the feedstock for several emerging products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The purpose of this project was to research the effectiveness of sonication technology to improve the efficiency and yields of phycocyanin production from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. Sonication is the application of sound energy to agitate and break particles or cells. When used to augment the current methods of phycocyanin production, it has the potential benefit of reducing cell extraction volumes and increasing the yield of phycocyanin. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of sonication time on the release of phycocyanin from concentrated S. platensis cell suspensions. The results show that sonication of a cell suspension containing 80 g dry weight S. platensis per 400 mL water for ~ 400 seconds provides maximum release of phycocyanin. The conventional method requires several hours of soaking 90 g dry weight S. platensis per 1000 mL water and achieves a lower degree of extraction. In summary, sonication can improve the efficiency of the conventional phycocyanin production process by shortening the time needed for initial release of phycocyanin from cells and with a smaller volume (more concentrated) cell suspension
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