The influence of virtual information spaces on tourism development

The desire to meet the requirements of the consumer necessitates the study of the influence of modern information and communication technologies on the development of the tourism industry by operators. The urgency of creating a virtual tourist information system, and developing its structure is required in order to match the innovative processes that involve modern technologies of Virtual and Augmented Realit

Visual ecology of aphids – a critical review on the role of colours in host finding

We review the rich literature on behavioural responses of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to stimuli of different colours. Only in one species there are adequate physiological data on spectral sensitivity to explain behaviour crisply in mechanistic terms. Because of the great interest in aphid responses to coloured targets from an evolutionary, ecological and applied perspective, there is a substantial need to expand these studies to more species of aphids, and to quantify spectral properties of stimuli rigorously. We show that aphid responses to colours, at least for some species, are likely based on a specific colour opponency mechanism, with positive input from the green domain of the spectrum and negative input from the blue and/or UV region. We further demonstrate that the usual yellow preference of aphids encountered in field experiments is not a true colour preference but involves additional brightness effects. We discuss the implications for agriculture and sensory ecology, with special respect to the recent debate on autumn leaf colouration. We illustrate that recent evolutionary theories concerning aphid–tree interactions imply far-reaching assumptions on aphid responses to colours that are not likely to hold. Finally we also discuss the implications for developing and optimising strategies of aphid control and monitoring

Cosmic Ray Air Shower Characteristics in the Framework of the Parton-Based Gribov-Regge Model NEXUS

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first we want to introduce a new type of hadronic interaction model (NEXUS), which has a much more solid theoretical basis as, for example, presently used models like QGSJET and VENUS, and ensures therefore a much more reliable extrapolation towards high energies. Secondly, we want to promote an extensive air shower (EAS) calculation scheme, based on cascade equations rather than explicit Monte Carlo simulations, which is very accurate in calculations of main EAS characteristics and extremely fast concerning computing time. We employ the NEXUS model to provide the necessary data on particle production in hadron-air collisions and present the average EAS characteristics for energies 10^14 - 10^17 eV. The experimental data of the casa-blanka group are analyzed in the framework of the new model.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

RESEARCH OF HYGIENIC PROPERTIES OF POROUS POLYETHYLENE FILMS WITH CaCO3

The complex of hygienic properties of polymeric polyethylene (PE) films with mineral filler СаСО3 is experimentally investigated

RESEARCH OF STRUCTURE OF POROUS POLYETHYLENE FILMS BASED ON A MINERAL FILLER

In the paper, polymer polyethylene films with a mineral filler CaCO3 were studied by gas dynamic porosimetry

ГЕТЕРОГЕННОСТЬ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ I СТАДИИ: БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ И ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ

The introduction of breast cancer screening programs worldwide led not only to the increase of non-invasive carcinoma and stage I breast cancer percentage but also to the redistribution of biological tumor subtypes in female population screened. The proportion of stage I breast cancer is only 21,4% in our country; biological and predictive value of tumor size (T1a, T1b and T1c) is still undefined. We analyzed clinical and morphological characteristics as well as tumor size prognostic value (T1a-c) for the recurrence and death from progression risk determination in 1341 breast cancer patients with stage I tumors. We revealed progressive increase of “small” tumors proportion (T1a and T1b) in stage I breast cancer population within the last 25 years. The percentage of microinvasive carcinomas raised from 0,3% to 4,3% while T1bN0M0 proportion increased from 8,7% to 22,1%; this is the evidence of early breast cancer diagnostics improvement. Stage I breast cancer is the heterogeneous group of tumors with favorable prognosis in case of T1a (≤5 mm) and more aggressive behavior in T1b (6–10 mm) and T1c (11–20 mm). Only T1a tumors have favorable biological profile (huge proportion of luminal A subtype) which reflects upon the long-term treatment results (minimum recurrences and cancer deaths, improved overall survival). Biological behavior of T1b and T1c tumors is more aggressive with high rates of ductal carcinoma, luminal B and triple negative subtypes which significantly worsen the prognosis. The  biology of “small” tumors should be considered when choosing the optimal adjuvant treatment algorithm for breast cancer patients.Введение программ ранней диагностики РМЖ в мире привело не только к увеличению доли неинвазивных карцином и рака молочной железы I стадии, но и к перераспределению биологических подтипов опухолей в популяции скринируемых женщин. В нашей стране доля рака молочной железы I стадии составляет всего 21,4%; биологическое и прогностическое значение размера опухоли (T1a, T1b и T1c) является неизученным. Мы проанализировали клинические и морфологические характеристики, а также прогностическое значение размера опухоли (T1a-b-c) для риска развития рецидива болезни и смерти от ее прогрессирования у 1341 больной раком молочной железы I стадии. Нами выявлено прогрессивное увеличение доли «малых» опухолей (T1a и T1b) в структуре РМЖ I стадии в течение последних 25 лет: доля микрокарцином T1aN0M0 увеличилась с 0,3% до 4,3%; доля опухолей T1bN0M0 — с 8,7 до 22,1%, что говорит об улучшении ранней диагностики заболевания. Рак молочной железы I стадии является гетерогенной группой с благоприятным течением болезни при микрокарциномах размером T1a (≤5мм) и более агрессивном — при опухолях размером T1b (6–10мм) и T1c (11–20мм). Только опухоли размером T1a имеют благоприятный биологический «портрет» (высокую долю люминального А подтипа РМЖ), что отражается на долгосрочных результатах лечения (минимальная доля рецидивов болезни и смертей от рака и лучшие показатели отдаленной выживаемости). Биологические характеристики опухолей размером T1b и T1c являются более агрессивными и представлены высокой частотой протокового рака с люминальным В и тройным негативным иммунофенотипом рака, что существенно ухудшает прогноз болезни. Биология «малых» опухолей должна учитываться при выборе наиболее оптимального адъювантного лечебного алгоритма при раке молочной железы

The recent history of the student scientific society of the department of dermatology and venereology

The article presents the working conditions of the student scientific society at the clinical department of the medical university in dynamics of the higher education development.В статье анализируются условия работы студенческого научного общества при клинической кафедре медицинского вуза в динамике развития высшего образования

Ammonite Faunal Dynamics Across Bio-Events During the Mid-and Late Cretaceous Along the Russian Pacific Coast

Jagt−Yazykova, E.A. 2012. Ammonite faunal dynamics across bio−events during the mid − and Late Cretaceous along th