PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN INDUSTRY

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the model of the formation of an industrial development ecosystem based on modern digital technologies in industry.The article deals with the problems of technological sovereignty of the Russian economy. It is shown that the solution of this problem is possible only on the basis of an industrial development ecosystem – a system of production chains of the most important types of industrial products, a technological development platform, interaction of subjects of industrial production with consumers of its products in the domestic and foreign markets. The necessity of concentration of industrial potential, resources of technological development, qualified personnel potential and direction to create conditions for providing the Russian economy with products corresponding to the world technological level is shown. The article analyzes the main existing and promising models of the functioning of an industrial enterprise. A detailed description of the barriers and difficulties on the way of digitalization of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation is given.In order to form the ecosystem of industrial development of the Russian Federation, the directions of identifying and assessing the state of production and technological personnel potential, its compliance with the needs of the domestic market are formulated. Recommendations are given on the creation of an ecosystem structure, mechanisms for the interaction of its various elements, a management and coordination system based on digital technologies for creating a system of individual elements that form information and analytical centers in various functional areas of the ecosystem.A model of the ecosystem of industrial and technological development of the Russian economy based on digital technologies is proposed.A set of mechanisms that contribute to reducing the level of uncertainty is proposed, and a design method of interaction within the framework of the digital industrial enterprise technology platform model is described.The article formulates recommendations for the digitalization of an industrial enterprise in the new technological conditions of economic and social development, in the so-called new technological paradigm “Industry 4.0”, the characteristic features of which are minimal use of manual and mechanized labor, as well as a low level of transaction costs.A new approach is proposed, on the basis of which industrial enterprises will interact on the basis of shared access to information and digital resources and the ability to combine the development of innovative projects and value chains necessary to create competitive products in order to increase the operational efficiency of enterprises

Uniform shrinking and expansion under isotropic Brownian flows

We study some finite time transport properties of isotropic Brownian flows. Under a certain nondegeneracy condition on the potential spectral measure, we prove that uniform shrinking or expansion of balls under the flow over some bounded time interval can happen with positive probability. We also provide a control theorem for isotropic Brownian flows with drift. Finally, we apply the above results to show that under the nondegeneracy condition the length of a rectifiable curve evolving in an isotropic Brownian flow with strictly negative top Lyapunov exponent converges to zero as $t\to \infty$ with positive probability

Antibacterial effects of quaternary bis-phosphonium and ammonium salts of pyridoxine on Staphylococcus aureus cells: A single base hitting two distinct targets?

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. We studied the effects of quaternary bis-phosphonium and bis-ammonium salts of pyridoxine with lipophilic substituents on the survival and morphology of Staphylococcus aureus cells. We found that, while originating from the same base, they exhibit considerably different antimicrobial mechanisms. In the presence of Ca2+ ions the MIC and MBC values of ammonium salt increased 100-fold, suggesting that Ca2+ ions can successfully impede the membrane Ca2+ ions exchange required for ammonium salt incorporation. In contrast, in the presence of quaternary phosphonium salt, the artificial capsular-like material was formed around the cells and the filamentous and chain-like growth of the cells was observed suggesting the disruption of the cell division mechanisms. Altogether, both pyridoxine derivatives successfully inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis) and Escherichia coli considerably, while demonstrated nearly no effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We suggest that due to their effects on distinct and likely complementary targets the derivatives of pyridoxine represent potentially perspective antibacterials with complicated adaptation and thus with lower risk of drug resistance development

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И МЕХАНИЗМЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ РФ

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the model of the formation of an industrial development ecosystem based on modern digital technologies in industry.The article deals with the problems of technological sovereignty of the Russian economy. It is shown that the solution of this problem is possible only on the basis of an industrial development ecosystem – a system of production chains of the most important types of industrial products, a technological development platform, interaction of subjects of industrial production with consumers of its products in the domestic and foreign markets. The necessity of concentration of industrial potential, resources of technological development, qualified personnel potential and direction to create conditions for providing the Russian economy with products corresponding to the world technological level is shown. The article analyzes the main existing and promising models of the functioning of an industrial enterprise. A detailed description of the barriers and difficulties on the way of digitalization of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation is given.In order to form the ecosystem of industrial development of the Russian Federation, the directions of identifying and assessing the state of production and technological personnel potential, its compliance with the needs of the domestic market are formulated. Recommendations are given on the creation of an ecosystem structure, mechanisms for the interaction of its various elements, a management and coordination system based on digital technologies for creating a system of individual elements that form information and analytical centers in various functional areas of the ecosystem.A model of the ecosystem of industrial and technological development of the Russian economy based on digital technologies is proposed.A set of mechanisms that contribute to reducing the level of uncertainty is proposed, and a design method of interaction within the framework of the digital industrial enterprise technology platform model is described.The article formulates recommendations for the digitalization of an industrial enterprise in the new technological conditions of economic and social development, in the so-called new technological paradigm “Industry 4.0”, the characteristic features of which are minimal use of manual and mechanized labor, as well as a low level of transaction costs.A new approach is proposed, on the basis of which industrial enterprises will interact on the basis of shared access to information and digital resources and the ability to combine the development of innovative projects and value chains necessary to create competitive products in order to increase the operational efficiency of enterprises.Статья посвящена обоснованию модели формирования экосистемы промышленного развития на основе современных цифровых технологий в промышленности. В ней рассматриваются проблемы технологической суверенности экономики РФ. Показано, что решение этой проблемы возможно только на основе экосистемы промышленного развития – системы производственных цепочек важнейших видов промышленной продукции, технологической платформы развития, взаимодействия субъектов промышленного производства с потребителями ее продукции на внутреннем и внешнем рынках. Показаны необходимость концентрации промышленного потенциала, ресурсов технологического развития, квалифицированного кадрового потенциала и направления создания условий обеспечения экономики России соответствующей мировому технологическому уровню продукцией. В статье проанализированы основные существующие и перспективные модели функционирования промышленного предприятия; дана развернутая характеристика барьеров и трудностей на пути цифровизации промышленных предприятий в РФ.Для формирования экосистемы промышленного развития РФ сформулированы направления выявления и оценки состояния производственного и технологического кадрового потенциала, его соответствия потребностям внутреннего рынка. Даны рекомендации по созданию структуры экосистемы, механизмов взаимодействия ее различных элементов, системы управления и координации на основе цифровых технологий создания системы отдельных элементов, формирующих информационно-аналитические центры по различным функциональным направлениям экосистемы. Предлагается модель экосистемы производственного и технологического развития экономики России на основе цифровых технологий. Предлагается совокупность механизмов, способствующих снижению уровня неопределенности, а также описан проектный метод взаимодействия в рамках модели технологической платформы цифрового промышленного предприятия.В статье сформулированы рекомендации для цифровизации промышленного предприятия в новых технологических условиях развития экономики и общества, в так называемой новой технологической парадигме индустрии 4.0, характерными особенностями которой являются минимальное использование ручного и механизированного труда, а также низкий уровень транзакционных издержек.Предлагается новый подход, на основе которого будет осуществляться взаимодействие промышленных предприятий с общим доступом к информационным и цифровым ресурсам и способностью объединить в себе разработку инновационных проектов и цепей создания стоимости, необходимых для выпуска конкурентоспособной продукции с целью повышения операционной эффективности предприятий

Antibacterial effects of quaternary bis-phosphonium and ammonium salts of pyridoxine on Staphylococcus aureus cells: A single base hitting two distinct targets?

We studied the effects of quaternary bis-phosphonium and bis-ammonium salts of pyridoxine with lipophilic substituents on the survival and morphology of Staphylococcus aureus cells. We found that, while originating from the same base, they exhibit considerably different antimicrobial mechanisms. In the presence of Ca(2+) ions the MIC and MBC values of ammonium salt increased 100-fold, suggesting that Ca(2+) ions can successfully impede the membrane Ca(2+) ions exchange required for ammonium salt incorporation. In contrast, in the presence of quaternary phosphonium salt, the artificial capsular-like material was formed around the cells and the filamentous and chain-like growth of the cells was observed suggesting the disruption of the cell division mechanisms. Altogether, both pyridoxine derivatives successfully inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis) and Escherichia coli considerably, while demonstrated nearly no effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We suggest that due to their effects on distinct and likely complementary targets the derivatives of pyridoxine represent potentially perspective antibacterials with complicated adaptation and thus with lower risk of drug resistance development

New derivatives of pyridoxine exhibit high antibacterial activity against biofilm-embedded staphylococcus cells

© 2015 Airat R. Kayumov et al. Opportunistic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis often form rigid biofilms on tissues and inorganic surfaces. In the biofilm bacterial cells are embedded in a self-produced polysaccharide matrix and thereby are inaccessible to biocides, antibiotics, or host immune system. Here we show the antibacterial activity of newly synthesized cationic biocides, the quaternary ammonium, and bisphosphonium salts of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) against biofilm-embedded Staphylococci. The derivatives of 6-hydroxymethylpyridoxine were ineffective against biofilm-embedded S. aureus and S. epidermidis at concentrations up to 64 g/mL, although all compounds tested exhibited low MICs (2 g/mL) against planktonic cells. In contrast, the quaternary ammonium salt of pyridoxine (N,N-dimethyl-N-((2,2,8-trimethyl-4H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methyl)octadecan-1-aminium chloride (3)) demonstrated high biocidal activity against both planktonic and biofilm-embedded bacteria. Thus, the complete death of biofilm-embedded S. aureus and S. epidermidis cells was obtained at concentrations of 64 and 16 g/mL, respectively. We suggest that the quaternary ammonium salts of pyridoxine are perspective to design new synthetic antibiotics and disinfectants for external application against biofilm-embedded cells

Computability of the Radon-Nikodym derivative

We study the computational content of the Radon-Nokodym theorem from measure theory in the framework of the representation approach to computable analysis. We define computable measurable spaces and canonical representations of the measures and the integrable functions on such spaces. For functions f,g on represented sets, f is W-reducible to g if f can be computed by applying the function g at most once. Let RN be the Radon-Nikodym operator on the space under consideration and let EC be the non-computable operator mapping every enumeration of a set of natural numbers to its characteristic function. We prove that for every computable measurable space, RN is W-reducible to EC, and we construct a computable measurable space for which EC is W-reducible to RN

Renormalization flow for extreme value statistics of random variables raised to a varying power

Using a renormalization approach, we study the asymptotic limit distribution of the maximum value in a set of independent and identically distributed random variables raised to a power q(n) that varies monotonically with the sample size n. Under these conditions, a non-standard class of max-stable limit distributions, which mirror the classical ones, emerges. Furthermore a transition mechanism between the classical and the non-standard limit distributions is brought to light. If q(n) grows slower than a characteristic function q*(n), the standard limit distributions are recovered, while if q(n) behaves asymptotically as k.q*(n), non-standard limit distributions emerge.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure,final version, to appear in Journal of Physics

Multiscale variation model and activity level estimation algorithm of the Earth's magnetic field based on wavelet packets

We suggest a wavelet-based multiscale mathematical model of geomagnetic field variations. The model is particularly capable of reflecting the characteristic variation and local perturbations in the geomagnetic field during the periods of increased geomagnetic activity. Based on the model, we have designed numerical algorithms to identify the characteristic variation component as well as other components that represent different geomagnetic field activity. The substantial advantage of the designed algorithms is their fully automatic performance without any manual control. The algorithms are also suited for estimating and monitoring the activity level of the geomagnetic field at different magnetic observatories without any specific adjustment to their particular locations. The suggested approach has high temporal resolution reaching 1&thinsp;min. This allows us to study the dynamics and spatiotemporal distribution of geomagnetic perturbations using data from ground-based observatories. Moreover, the suggested approach is particularly capable of discovering weak perturbations in the geomagnetic field, likely linked to the nonstationary impact of the solar wind plasma on the magnetosphere. The algorithms have been validated using the experimental data collected at the IKIR FEB RAS observatory network.</p

Vitamin D binding protein polymorphysm in patients with acute coronary syndrome in kaliningrad region

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D binding protein is a main vitamin D carrier in serum. It also has an impact on macrophagial function. Role of vitamin D and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is scientifically proven but there is lack of data on vitamin D binding protein in this regard. AIMS: To evaluate the vitamin D binding protein polymorphism in patients with acute coronary syndrome without diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. Determine correlation, if there is, between vitamin D binding protein allele and features of acute coronary syndrome among this patient group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a cross-sectional observational study. Study subjects are patients with acute coronary syndrome. Exclusion criteria are the presence of diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. In all participants were evaluated: predisposing factors for heart diseases, CBC, biochemical blood test, troponin, coronarography, echocardiography. The study lasted for 5 months from November 2017 until March 2018. Primary end point &ndash; assessment of vitamin D binding protein polymorphysm in this group of patients with acute coronary syndrome by means of vitamin D binding protein gene sequencing. 50 patients were enrolled into this study who were urgently admitted to hospital and diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Among them &ndash; 36 males and 14 females. Mean age was 60 (55;66) years. All participants were sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphysm in VDBP p.T436K (rs4588) and P.432E (rs7041). RESULTS: Gene polymorphysms of interest were found in 43 patients among 50 enrolled. Haplotype Gc1s/2 (rs7041G-rs4588A) was found in 7 (14%) patients, Gc2 (rs7041T-rs4588A) &mdash; in 9 (18%) patients, Gc1s (rs7041G-rs4588C) &ndash; in 20 (40%) patients, Gc1f (rs7041T-rs4588C) in 14 (28%). Coronarography showed that coronary artery occlusions obstructing more than 50% of vessel lumen was found in 16 patients; obstruction greater than 90% was seen in 8 patients; total occlusion &ndash; in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In patient group with acute coronary syndrome prevalence of vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphysm was high &ndash; in 86% of participants. The features of Gc2 haplotype were higher frequency of recurrent myocardial infarction and total coronary artery occlusion, as well as tendency to decreased serum vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) levels