5,438 research outputs found
Невизначеність, ризики, прибуток
The principles of accounting and estimations of probabilistic character of productive activity of enterprises, accepted in the methodology of accounting of uncertainty and risks, worked out by the author of this researches , are stated. The methodology is based on the fundamental postulates of probability theory, the theories of functions linearization and on the qualitative and quantitative technico-economical analysis in decision making are discussed. An example of the using this methodology with the solutions optimization is given. This methodology was adapted by the author over the past 10-15 years.В статье приведены основные принципы учета и оценки вероятностного характера производственной деятельности предприятий, принятые в методологии учета неопределенности и рисков, разработанной автором этого исследования. Указанная методология базируется на основных постулатах теории вероятностей, теории линеаризации функций и на качественном и количественном технико-экономическом анализе при принятии решений. Дан пример использования указанной методологии при оптимизации этих решений. Указанная методология адаптирована автором на протяжении последних 10-15 лет.У статті наведені основні принципи обліку та оцінки імовірнісного характеру виробничої діяльності підприємств, прийняті в методології обліку невизначеності і ризиків, розробленій автором цього дослідження. Вказана методологія базується на основних постулатах теорії вірогідності, теорії лінеаризації функцій і на якісному і кількісному техніко-економічному аналізі при ухваленні рішень. Наданий приклад використання вказаної методології при оптимізації цих рішень. Вказана методологія адаптована автором упродовж останніх 10-15 років
Decohering d-dimensional quantum resistance
The Landauer scattering approach to 4-probe resistance is revisited for the
case of a d-dimensional disordered resistor in the presence of decoherence. Our
treatment is based on an invariant-embedding equation for the evolution of the
coherent reflection amplitude coefficient in the length of a 1-dimensional
disordered conductor, where decoherence is introduced at par with the disorder
through an outcoupling, or stochastic absorption, of the wave amplitude into
side (transverse) channels, and its subsequent incoherent re-injection into the
conductor. This is essentially in the spirit of B{\"u}ttiker's
reservoir-induced decoherence. The resulting evolution equation for the
probability density of the 4-probe resistance in the presence of decoherence is
then generalised from the 1-dimensional to the d-dimensional case following an
anisotropic Migdal-Kadanoff-type procedure and analysed. The anisotropy, namely
that the disorder evolves in one arbitrarily chosen direction only, is the main
approximation here that makes the analytical treatment possible. A
qualitatively new result is that arbitrarily small decoherence reduces the
localisation-delocalisation transition to a crossover making resistance moments
of all orders finite.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Two-dimensional magnetoexcitons in the presence of spin-orbit coupling
We study theoretically the effect of spin-orbit coupling on quantum well
excitons in a strong magnetic field. We show that, in the presence of an
in-plane field component, the excitonic absorption spectrum develops a
double-peak structure due to hybridization of bright and dark magnetoexcitons.
If the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit constants are comparable, the
magnitude of splitting can be tuned in a wide interval by varying the azimuthal
angle of the in-plane field. We also show that the interplay between spin-orbit
and Coulomb interactions leads to an anisotropy of exciton energy dispersion in
the momentum plane. The results suggest a way for direct optical measurements
of spin-orbit parameters.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Feynman integrals of p-adic argument in the momentum space. II. Explicit expressions
A procedure for obtaining explicit expressions for Feynman integrals of p-adic argument in momentum space is described, and the connection with Feynman amplitudes over a finite field and chromatic polynomials is indicated. Simple explicit expressions are given for the results of integration over the region of large and small momenta. © 1996, Plenum Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved
Fluctuation-induced traffic congestion in heterogeneous networks
In studies of complex heterogeneous networks, particularly of the Internet,
significant attention was paid to analyzing network failures caused by hardware
faults or overload, where the network reaction was modeled as rerouting of
traffic away from failed or congested elements. Here we model another type of
the network reaction to congestion -- a sharp reduction of the input traffic
rate through congested routes which occurs on much shorter time scales. We
consider the onset of congestion in the Internet where local mismatch between
demand and capacity results in traffic losses and show that it can be described
as a phase transition characterized by strong non-Gaussian loss fluctuations at
a mesoscopic time scale. The fluctuations, caused by noise in input traffic,
are exacerbated by the heterogeneous nature of the network manifested in a
scale-free load distribution. They result in the network strongly overreacting
to the first signs of congestion by significantly reducing input traffic along
the communication paths where congestion is utterly negligible.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Jumps in current-voltage characteristics in disordered films
We argue that giant jumps of current at finite voltages observed in
disordered samples of InO, TiN and YSi manifest a bistability caused by the
overheating of electrons. One of the stable states is overheated and thus
low-resistive, while the other, high-resistive state is heated much less by the
same voltage. The bistability occurs provided that cooling of electrons is
inefficient and the temperature dependence of the equilibrium resistance, R(T),
is steep enough. We use experimental R(T) and assume phonon mechanism of the
cooling taking into account its strong suppression by disorder. Our description
of details of the I-V characteristics does not involve adjustable parameters
and turns out to be in a quantitative agreement with the experiments. We
propose experiments for more direct checks of this physical picture.Comment: Final version, as published; 4 pages, 3 figure
Tunnelling density of states at Coulomb blockade peaks
We calculate the tunnelling density of states (TDoS) for a quantum dot in the
Coulomb blockade regime, using a functional integral representation with
allowing correctly for the charge quantisation. We show that in addition to the
well-known gap in the TDoS in the Coulomb-blockade valleys, there is a
suppression of the TDoS at the peaks. We show that such a suppression is
necessary in order to get the correct result for the peak of the differential
conductance through an almost close quantum dot.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕТОДІВ ОЦІНКИ БАНКІВСЬКОГО БІЗНЕСУ
In the article the questions of perfection of traditional methods of estimation of cost of business and development are examined on this basis an express is methodologies as evaluated by business of bank structures. The brought algorithm over of the worked out expressmethodology and analysis of the correlations used here.Advantage of експресс-метода is possibility of adjustment of sizes of passive voices, assets and acuestss, and also затратность and possibility of decision of reverse task. Determination of values of the indicated parameters and indexes of dependence on taken an on value of cost of bank business. It allows to decide the tasks of influence worked out different character of events on the size of criterion function, coming from the actually set indexes of functioning of bank structure.В статье рассматриваются вопросы совершенствования традиционных методов оценки стоимости бизнеса и разработки на этой основе экспресс – методики по оценке бизнеса банковских структур. Приведен алгоритм разработанной экспресс–методики и анализ используемых при этом соотношений.У статті розглядаються питання вдосконалення традиційних методів оцінки вартості бізнесу і розробки на цій основі експрес-методики оцінки бізнесу банківських структур. Наведений алгоритм розробленої експрес-методики і аналіз співвідношень, які використовуються при цьому
Concentration dependence of the transition temperature in metallic spin glasses
The dependence of the transition temperature in terms of the
concentration of magnetic impurities in spin glasses is explained on the
basis of a screened RKKY interaction. The two observed power laws, at
low and for intermediate , are described in a unified
approach.Comment: 4 page
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