Zinc Inhibition of t -[ 3 H]Butylbicycloorthobenzoate Binding to the GABA A Receptor Complex

The effect of Zn 2+ on t -[ 3 H]butylbicycloorthobenzoate ([ 3 H]TBOB) binding to the GABA A receptor complex was studied autoradiographically in rat brain. Zn 2+ inhibited [ 3 H]TBOB binding in a dose-dependent manner at physiological concentrations. Saturation analysis revealed noncompetitive inhibition in various brain regions. The inhibitory effect of Zn 2+ had regional heterogeneity; regions showing the greatest inhibition of [ 3 H]TBOB binding were cortical laminae I–III, most areas of hippocampus, striatum, septum, and cerebellar cortex. Regions with relatively less inhibition of [ 3 H]TBOB binding included cortical laminae V–VI, thalamus, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, and central gray matter. The effect of Zn 2+ and those of other GABA A ligands, such as benzodiazepines, bicuculline, isoguvacine, and picrotoxin, on [ 3 H]TBOB binding seemed to be additive. Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Cu 2+ also inhibited [ 3 H]TBOB binding with a regional heterogeneity similar to that produced by Zn 2+ . These results are consistent with Zn 2+ acting at the previously detected recognition site on the GABA A receptor complex, distinct from the picrotoxin, GABA, and benzodiazepine sites. The regional heterogeneity of the Zn 2+ effect may reflect differential regional distribution of GABA A receptor subtypes among brain regions. Other divalent cations probably act at the Zn 2+ binding site.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66304/1/j.1471-4159.1994.62020602.x.pd

Residual interaction effects on deeply bound pionic states in Sn and Pb isotopes

We have studied the residual interaction effects theoretically on the deeply bound pionic states in Pb and Sn isotopes. We need to evaluate the residual interaction effects carefully in order to deduce the nuclear medium effects for pion properties, which are believed to provide valuable information on nuclear chiral dynamics. The s- and p-wave $\pi-N$ interactions are used for the pion-nucleon residual interactions. We show that the complex energy shifts are around [(10-20)+i(2-7)]keV for 1s states in Sn, which should be taken into account in the analyses of the high precision data of deeply bound pionic $1s$ states in Sn isotopes.Comment: REVTEX4, 6 pages, 5 tables, Submitted to Phys. Rev. C, Some explanations are added in Version

Magnitude and variation of traffic air pollution as measured by CO in the City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Air pollution level in Addis Ababa is presumed to be high due to the prevalence of old vehicles and substandard road infrastructures. This study assessed CO concentration as a measure of traffic air pollution.Materials and methods: a total of 80 road side and 24 on-road daily traffic air samples during wet and dry seasons of 2007 and 2008, respectively, were taken using CO data logger. A structured checklist was used to document related data. Downloaded data from the CO sampler was used to generate summary statistics and data presentations. Data quality of CO measurement was ensured using calibration checks.Results: The mean for 15 minutes CO concentration was 2.1 ppm (GM=1.3) and 2.8 ppm (GM=2.2) for wet and dry seasons, respectively. The concentrations from season to season varied statistically. The CO temporal and spatial profiles among the two seasons were similar. The overall mean on-road CO concentration was 5.4 ppm (GM=5.3). Fifteen percent of roadside samples and all on-road samples exhibited more than 50% of the 8-hr CO WHO guideline.. Daily CO maxima were observed in early mornings and late afternoons.Conclusions: The consistency in spatial and temporal profiles and the variation on both on-road and road side traffic lines imply that vehicles are the main source of traffic air pollution. There is a concern that the CO 8-hr World Health Organization guideline might be exceeded in future

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE IN ALBANIA: 1. EFFECT OF THE PREGNANCY PERIOD IN ALBANIA ON THE LIVE WEIGHT OF FIRST CALVING COWS AND THE BIRTH-WEIGHT OF CALVES

lstraživan je utjecaj zadnjeg dijela graviteta u Albaniji na Holstein-friesian visoko bređih junica, uvezenih iz Njemačke, na masu kod telenja i porodnu masu teladi. Promatrana su dva stada: Xhafzotaj stado sa valjanom hranidbom i držanjem i Valias stado sa lošom hranidbom i držanjem. U Xhafzotaj stadu utjecaj bređosti u Albaniji na masu krava i teladi nije bio signifikantan. Prosječne vrijednosti su bile 520.3 ± 3.6 kg za masu krava i 35.4 ± 0.4 kg za porodnu masu teladi. Nasuprot tome u Valias stadu utvrđen je signafikantan utiecaj duljine graviteta u Albaniji na mase krava i teladi. Što su krave duže razdoblje graviteta provele u Albaniji manja je bila masa krava pri porodu i porodna masa teladi. Prosječne vrijednosti su iznosile 488.1 ±3.1 kg i 30.0 ± 0.3 kg. Može se zaključiti da držanje visokobređih junica u nepovoljnim uvjetima ima negativan utiecaj ne samo na masu krava nego i na porodnu masu teladi.Since some pregnant Holstein Friesian heifers were imported from Germany, a study has been conducted to show the effect ofthe prriod ofpregnancy, ocecuring under Albanian conditions, on the cows live weight and calves birth weight. Two herds were analyzed: the Xhafzotaj herd with proper feeding and management and the Valias herd with food feeding and management. The management and feeding of the animals were different and the reaction of the cows to those factors was different, too. In the Xhafzotaj herd, the effects of the period of pregnancy in Albania on the live weight of the cows and birth weight of calves was not significant. The average values of these factors were: 520.3 ± 3.6 and 35.4 ±0.4, respectively. In the Valias herd the effects of the period of pregnancy in Albania on the live weight of the cows and birth weight of calves was significant. The length of pregnancy period in Albania is accompanied by decrease of the calves birth-weight. The same decrease is seen in the live weight of the cows five days after their calving. The average values of these factors were 488.1± 3.1 and 30.0 ± 0.3 It may be concluded that when Holstein-friesian cows are put under unfavorable conditions concerning feeding and management, there is a tendency to transmit the stress to the foetus

Linear Collider Final Doublet Considerations: ATF2 Vibration Measurements

Original publication available at http://www.jacow.org/International audienceAt ATF2, to allow the Shintake Monitor located at the Interaction Point to measure the beam size with only 2% of error, vertical relative motion tolerance between SM (Shintake Monitor) and final doublet magnets (FD) is of 7nm for QD0 and 20nm for QF1 above 0.1Hz. Vibration transfer function of FD and SM with their supports has been measured and show a good rigidity. Vertical relative motion between the SM and QD0 (QF1) was thus measured to be only of 5.1nm (6.5nm) with high ground motion representative of a shift period. Same measurements done in horizontal directions showed that tolerances were also respected (much less strict). Moreover, relative motion tolerances should be released due to the good motion correlation measured between FD. Thus the FD and SM supports have been validated on site at ATF2 to be within the vibration specifications