6,379 research outputs found
The efficient computation of transition state resonances and reaction rates from a quantum normal form
A quantum version of a recent formulation of transition state theory in {\em
phase space} is presented. The theory developed provides an algorithm to
compute quantum reaction rates and the associated Gamov-Siegert resonances with
very high accuracy. The algorithm is especially efficient for
multi-degree-of-freedom systems where other approaches are no longer feasible.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex
Large N Scaling Behavior of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Model
We introduce a novel semiclassical approach to the Lipkin model. In this way
the well-known phase transition arising at the critical value of the coupling
is intuitively understood. New results -- showing for strong couplings the
existence of a threshold energy which separates deformed from undeformed states
as well as the divergence of the density of states at the threshold energy --
are explained straightforwardly and in quantitative terms by the appearance of
a double well structure in a classical system corresponding to the Lipkin
model. Previously unnoticed features of the eigenstates near the threshold
energy are also predicted and found to hold.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in PR
Eigenfunction statistics for a point scatterer on a three-dimensional torus
In this paper we study eigenfunction statistics for a point scatterer (the
Laplacian perturbed by a delta-potential) on a three-dimensional flat torus.
The eigenfunctions of this operator are the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian
which vanish at the scatterer, together with a set of new eigenfunctions
(perturbed eigenfunctions). We first show that for a point scatterer on the
standard torus all of the perturbed eigenfunctions are uniformly distributed in
configuration space. Then we investigate the same problem for a point scatterer
on a flat torus with some irrationality conditions, and show uniform
distribution in configuration space for almost all of the perturbed
eigenfunctions.Comment: Revised according to referee's comments. Accepted for publication in
Annales Henri Poincar
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Improved single-swab sample preparation for recovering bacterial and phage DNA from human skin and wound microbiomes.
BackgroundCharacterization of the skin and wound microbiome is of high biomedical interest, but is hampered by the low biomass of typical samples. While sample preparation from other microbiomes (e.g., gut) has been the subject of extensive optimization, procedures for skin and wound microbiomes have received relatively little attention. Here we describe an improved method for obtaining both phage and microbial DNA from a single skin or wound swab, characterize the yield of DNA in model samples, and demonstrate the utility of this approach with samples collected from a wound clinic.ResultsWe find a substantial improvement when processing wound samples in particular; while only one-quarter of wound samples processed by a traditional method yielded sufficient DNA for downstream analysis, all samples processed using the improved method yielded sufficient DNA. Moreover, for both skin and wound samples, community analysis and viral reads obtained through deep sequencing of clinical swab samples showed significant improvement with the use of the improved method.ConclusionUse of this method may increase the efficiency and data quality of microbiome studies from low-biomass samples
EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD LABELING REGULATIONS
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/13/04.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
Economic and Environmental Impacts of Adoption of Genetically Modified Rice in California
Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Testing Game Theory in the Field: Swedish LUPI Lottery Games
Game theory is usually difficult to test precisely in the field because predictions typically
depend sensitively on features that are not controlled or observed. We conduct one such
test using field data from the Swedish lowest unique positive integer (LUPI) game. In the
LUPI game, players pick positive integers and whoever chose the lowest unique number
wins a fixed prize. Theoretical equilibrium predictions are derived assuming Poisson-
distributed uncertainty about the number of players, and tested using both field and
laboratory data. The field and lab data show similar patterns. Despite various deviations
from equilibrium, there is a surprising degree of convergence toward equilibrium. Some
of the deviations from equilibrium can be rationalized by a cognitive hierarchy model
Peri-prostatic fat volume measurement as a predictive tool for castration resistance in advanced prostate cancer
Background:
Obesity and aggressive prostate cancer (PC) may be linked, but how local peri-prostatic fat relates to tumour response following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is unknown.
Objective:
To test if peri-prostatic fat volume (PPFV) predicts tumour response to ADT.
Design, setting, and participants:
We performed a retrospective study on consecutive patients receiving primary ADT. From staging pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans, the PPFV was quantified with OsirixX 6.5 imaging software. Statistical (univariate and multivariate) analysis were performed using R Version 3.2.1.
Results and limitations:
Of 224 consecutive patients, 61 with advanced (≥T3 or N1 or M1) disease had (3-mm high resolution axial sections) pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan before ADT. Median age = 75 yr; median PPFV = 24.8 cm3 (range, 7.4–139.4 cm3). PPFV was significantly higher in patients who developed castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC; n = 31), with a median of 37.9 cm3 compared with 16.1 cm3 (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test) in patients who showed sustained response to ADT (n = 30). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards models were performed controlling for known predictors of CRPC. PPFV was shown to be independent of all included factors, and the most significant predictor of time to CRPC. Using our multivariate model consisting of all known factors prior to ADT, PPFV significantly improved the area under the curve of the multivariate models receiver operating characteristic analysis. The main study limitation is a relatively small cohort to account for multiple variables, necessitating a future large-scale prospective analysis of PPFV in advanced PC.
Conclusions:
PPFV quantification in patients with advanced PC predicts tumour response to ADT
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