Patterns and trends in entrepreneurial network literature: 1993-2003

This paper reflects the increasing interest in entrepreneurial networking. Indeed Monsted (1995) suggests that networking is now a vogue concept in the entrepreneurship field. The popularity of the network theme has resulted in an increasing number of publications. Our study is an attempt to first quantify the growth in network research, as indicated by published papers. It then attempts to provide a guide to developments in network publications

Calling Crawford: Minnesota Declares a 911 Call Non-Testimonial in State v. Wright

In State v. Wright, 1 the State of Minnesota charged David Wright with possession of a firearm by a felon and two counts of second-degree assault against his girlfriend and her sister. A jury found Wright guilty on all charges and sentenced him to sixty months in jail for each crime, with sentences served concurrently. Wright’s girlfriend, R.R., and her sister, S.R., did not testify against him at trial. The prosecution, however, used the transcript of a 911 call placed by R.R. against Wright in the trial. Although the 911 call was hearsay, the court admitted it under Minnesota’s excited utterance hearsay exception. The prosecution used R.R.’s 911 call in its closing arguments and the jury was allowed to listen to the 911 call during deliberations. After the jury found Wright guilty, he appealed his conviction to the Minnesota Court of Appeals. The court, finding that there was no reversible error by the district court, affirmed Wright’s conviction. This case presented a Minnesota appellate court with its first opportunity to address the admissibility of 911 calls into evidence in criminal trials after the United States Supreme Court’s recent decision in Crawford v. Washington. After the Crawford decision, the admission of certain ‘testimonial’ out-of-court statements by an unavailable witness will violate a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment right of confrontation if the defendant lacks the opportunity to cross-examine the witness. The Minnesota Court of Appeals decided that the 911 call did not fit into the Supreme Court’s definition of ‘testimonial’ statements, and therefore held the call was admissible under a hearsay exception without violating the Sixth Amendment. Moreover, Judge Hudson, in a separate opinion, argued that 911 calls should not be considered, by definition, ‘non-testimonial.’ The issue now becomes: was the Minnesota Court of Appeals correct in deciding that R.R.’s 911 call was not ‘testimonial’ in nature, and therefore properly admitted into evidence despite Wright’s lack of opportunity to cross-examine R.R. on her assertions in the 911 call? This Note considers whether the Minnesota Court of Appeals correctly held that a 911 call does not violate a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment right of confrontation. In light of other court opinions on this issue, however, this Note concludes that the Wright court’s analysis was flawed because it suggests that all 911 calls would be admissible after Crawford. In addition, the Wright court improperly focused on the victim’s motivation for making the 911 call, rather than the government’s use of the statement. Finally, this Note concludes that the Wright court could have affirmed the conviction without narrowing Crawford because Wright had forfeited his right of confrontation by threatening the witnesses

Classification of irreducible quasifinite modules over map Virasoro algebras

We give a complete classification of the irreducible quasifinite modules for algebras of the form Vir \otimes A, where Vir is the Virasoro algebra and A is a Noetherian commutative associative unital algebra over the complex numbers. It is shown that all such modules are tensor products of generalized evaluation modules. We also give an explicit sufficient condition for a Verma module of Vir \otimes A to be reducible. In the case that A is an infinite-dimensional integral domain, this condition is also necessary.Comment: 25 pages. v2: Minor changes, published versio

Taxonomy of mayapple rust: the genus Allodus resurrected

Mayapple rust is a common, disfiguring disease that is widespread in temperate eastern North America wherever the host, Podophyllum peltatum, occurs. Puccinia podophylli, the etiological agent of this rust, has been shown to be distantly related to both Puccinia and Uromyces as exemplified by their types. A systematic study was made to determine the generic classification of P. podophylli. Phylogenetic analyses of two rDNA loci from multiple specimens support the recognition of this taxon as a separate genus of Pucciniaceae. Based on historical literature and type material, P. podophylli was found to represent the type of the forgotten genus Allodus and it is correctly named Allodus podophylli. A neotype is designated for Puccinia podophylli Schwein. (; Allodus podophylli) and a lectotype is designated for Aecidium podophylli

Geometric and combinatorial realizations of crystal graphs

For irreducible integrable highest weight modules of the finite and affine Lie algebras of type A and D, we define an isomorphism between the geometric realization of the crystal graphs in terms of irreducible components of Nakajima quiver varieties and the combinatorial realizations in terms of Young tableaux and Young walls. For affine type A, we extend the Young wall construction to arbitrary level, describing a combinatorial realization of the crystals in terms of new objects which we call Young pyramids.Comment: 34 pages, 17 figures; v2: minor typos corrected; v3: corrections to section 8; v4: minor typos correcte

Has COVID-19 affected dementia diagnosis rates in England?

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on the provision of care and routine activity of all National Health Service (NHS) services. While General Practitioner referrals to memory services in England have returned to pre-pandemic levels, the estimated dementia diagnosis rate (DDR) fell by 5.4% between March 2020 and February 2023. METHODS: In this paper we explore whether this reduction is accurate or is an artefact of the way the NHS collects data. RESULTS: We explore the processes that may have affected national dementia diagnosis rates during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss what action could be taken to improve the DDR in the future

Blessing of dimensionality at the edge

In this paper we present theory and algorithms enabling classes of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to continuously and incrementally improve with a-priori quantifiable guarantees - or more specifically remove classification errors - over time. This is distinct from state-of-the-art machine learning, AI, and software approaches. Another feature of this approach is that, in the supervised setting, the computational complexity of training is linear in the number of training samples. At the time of classification, the computational complexity is bounded by few inner product calculations. Moreover, the implementation is shown to be very scalable. This makes it viable for deployment in applications where computational power and memory are limited, such as embedded environments. It enables the possibility for fast on-line optimisation using improved training samples. The approach is based on the concentration of measure effects and stochastic separation theorems and is illustrated with an example on the identification faulty processes in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling and with a case study on adaptive removal of false positives in an industrial video surveillance and analytics system

Sleeping Beauty screen reveals Pparg activation in metastatic prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common adult male cancer in the developed world. The paucity of biomarkers to predict prostate tumor biology makes it important to identify key pathways that confer poor prognosis and guide potential targeted therapy. Using a murine forward mutagenesis screen in a Pten-null background, we identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), encoding a ligand-activated transcription factor, as a promoter of metastatic CaP through activation of lipid signaling pathways, including up-regulation of lipid synthesis enzymes [fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)]. Importantly, inhibition of PPARG suppressed tumor growth in vivo, with down-regulation of the lipid synthesis program. We show that elevated levels of PPARG strongly correlate with elevation of FASN in human CaP and that high levels of PPARG/FASN and PI3K/pAKT pathway activation confer a poor prognosis. These data suggest that CaP patients could be stratified in terms of PPARG/FASN and PTEN levels to identify patients with aggressive CaP who may respond favorably to PPARG/FASN inhibition

Innovation in small business: comparing face-to-face with virtual networking

Purpose - The paper aimed to better understand the process of networking by small business with their customers to achieve innovations. In particular the relative roles of face-to-face and virtual interaction were investigated. Design - Initially a week of participant observation was undertaken then 17 in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed. The biotechnology sector was used for the sample. Findings - Networking interaction could be categorised into stages. A deepening of the relationship developed on two fronts: increasing exchanges of technical information but necessarily supplemented by increased sharing of social information to facilitate tacit knowledge exchanges. As the relationship continued to develop, virtual modes could be used in an increasing capacity. The paper developed a stage model and identified the role of face-to face and virtual exchanges at each stage. Research limitations/implications - Generalisability is unproven. However the issues appeared typical of any technology or science-based sector and suggest broader applicability. Practical implications - Business people cannot assume that all steps in the process of generating an innovation with a customer can be achieved virtually. The stage model provides guidance to practitioners on the appropriate interaction modes to avoid wasteful face-to-face meetings and ineffective virtual exchanges. Originality value - While the usefulness of networking by small business is well recognised, little is known about the process of networking and in particular the potential role of virtual communication and what can and cannot be achieved. The paper sheds light on these issues and develops an explanatory framework. Article Classification: Research pape