30,552 research outputs found
Constraints on asymmetry of the proton in chiral effective theory
We compute the asymmetry in the proton in chiral effective theory,
using phenomenological constraints based upon existing data. Unlike previous
meson cloud model calculations, which accounted for kaon loop contributions
with on-shell intermediate states alone, this work includes off-shell terms and
contact interactions, which impact the shape of the difference. We
identify a valence-like component of which is balanced by a
-function contribution to at , so that the integrals
of and over the experimentally accessible region are not
equal. Using a regularization procedure that preserves chiral symmetry and
Lorentz invariance, we find that existing data limit the integrated value of
the second moment of the asymmetry to the range at a scale of GeV. This is too small to account for the NuTeV anomaly and of the wrong
sign to enhance it.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Spin-lattice order in frustrated ZnCr2O4
Using synchrotron X-rays and neutron diffraction we disentangle spin-lattice
order in highly frustrated ZnCrO where magnetic chromium ions occupy
the vertices of regular tetrahedra. Upon cooling below 12.5 K the quandary of
anti-aligning spins surrounding the triangular faces of tetrahedra is resolved
by establishing weak interactions on each triangle through an intricate lattice
distortion. The resulting spin order is however, not simply a N\'{e}el state on
strong bonds. A complex co-planar spin structure indicates that antisymmetric
and/or further neighbor exchange interactions also play a role as ZnCrO
resolves conflicting magnetic interactions
Retrofit modelling of existing dwellings in the UK : the Salford Energy House case study
There is a clear consensus that improving energy efficiency of existing housing stock is
necessary to meet the UK’s legally binding carbon emission targets by 2050. The aim of this
research is to assess the energy saving potentials from building retrofit using an end terrace
house, similar houses represent about 30% of the existing building stock in the UK. The Salford
Energy House - a unique pre-1919 Victorian end terrace house built within an environmental
chamber was used. Retrofit modelling analysis was carried out using IESVE - a dynamic
thermal simulation tool. The retrofitted model was also evaluated using future projected climate
data (CIBSE latest release) to examine energy demands and overheating. Findings show that
improving building fabric thermal characteristics can reduce space heating demands
substantially. Heating modes, set point preferences and
infiltration level all have strong impact on heating demands. Space heating demand savings can
be as much as 77% when the property facades were upgraded to the similar requirements of
Passivhaus standards. The research implicates that, for dwelling retrofit practices, a whole
house holistic approach should be the preferred option to improve energy
efficiency. With future climate scenarios where temperatures are potentially elevated, the
heating demands can be potentially reduced as much as 27%. The likelihood of overheating in
dwellings after a deep retrofit due to future elevated temperatures becomes apparent. Therefore,
mitigation of overheating risk becomes a necessity for future domestic housing stock retrofit
planning and policy making. The research presented in this paper highlights the effectiveness
of various retrofit measures individually as well as holistically, also the implications on energy
demands and the likelihood of overheating in dwellings under future climate scenarios
Period halving of Persistent Currents in Mesoscopic Mobius ladders
We investigate the period halving of persistent currents(PCs) of
non-interacting electrons in isolated mesoscopic M\"{o}bius ladders without
disorder, pierced by Aharonov-Bhom flux. The mechanisms of the period halving
effect depend on the parity of the number of electrons as well as on the
interchain hopping. Although the data of PCs in mesoscopic systems are
sample-specific, some simple rules are found in the canonical ensemble average,
such as all the odd harmonics of the PCs disappear, and the signals of even
harmonics are non-negative. {PACS number(s): 73.23.Ra, 73.23.-b, 68.65.-k}Comment: 6 Pages with 3 EPS figure
Dynamic Analysis of a Two Member Manipulator
Attenuating start-up and stopping vibrations when maneuvering large payloads attached to flexible manipulator systems is a great concern for many space missions. To address this concern, it was proposed that the use of smart materials, and their applications in smart structures, may provide an effective method of control for aerospace structures. In this paper, a modified finite element model has been developed to simulate the performance of piezoelectric ceramic actuators, and was applied to a flexible two-arm manipulator system. Connected to a control voltage, the piezoelectric actuators produce control moments based on the optimal control theory. The computer simulation modeled the end-effector vibration suppression of the NASA manipulator testbed for berthing operations of the Space Shuttle to the Space Station. The results of the simulation show that the bonded piezoelectric actuators can effectively suppress follow-up vibrations of the end-effector, stimulated by some external disturbance
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