The effects of Majorana phases in three-generation neutrinos

Neutrino-oscillation solutions for the atmospheric neutrino anomaly and the solar neutrino deficit can determine the texture of the neutrino mass matrix according to three types of neutrino mass hierarchies as Type A: $m_1^{} \ll m_2^{} \ll m_3^{}$, Type B: $m_1^{} \sim m_2^{} \gg m_3^{}$, and Type C: $m_1^{} \sim m_2^{} \sim m_3^{}$, where $m_i$ is the $i$-th generation neutrino absolute mass. The relative sign assignments of neutrino masses in each type of mass hierarchies play the crucial roles for the stability against quantum corrections. Actually, two physical Majorana phases in the lepton flavor mixing matrix connect among the relative sign assignments of neutrino masses. Therefore, in this paper we analyze the stability of mixing angles against quantum corrections according to three types of neutrino mass hierarchies (Type A, B, C) and two Majorana phases. Two phases play the crucial roles for the stability of the mixing angles against the quantum corrections.Comment: LaTeX2e, 15 pages, 8 figure

Analytic Solutions to the RG Equations of the Neutrino Physical Parameters

In the case of two generation neutrinos, the energy-scale dependence of the lepton-flavor mixing matrix with Majorana phase can be governed by only one parameter r, which is the ratio between the diagonal elements of neutrino mass matrix. By using this parameter r, we derive the analytic solutions to the renormalization group equations of the physical parameters, which are the mixing angle, Majorana phase, and the ratio of the mass-squared difference to the mass squared of the heaviest neutrino. The energy-scale dependence of the Majorana phase is clarified by using these analytic solutions. The instability of the Majorana phase causes in the same parameter region in which the mixing angle is unstable against quantum corrections.Comment: LaTeX2e, 9 pages, 6 figure

Energy-Scale Dependence of the Lepton-Flavor-Mixing Matrix

We study an energy-scale dependence of the lepton-flavor-mixing matrix in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the effective dimension-five operators which give the masses of neutrinos. We analyze the renormalization group equations of kappa_{ij}s which are coefficients of these effective operators under the approximation to neglect the corrections of O(\kappa^2). As a consequence, we find that all phases in $\kappa$ do not depend on the energy-scale, and that only n_g-1 (n_g: generation number) real independent parameters in the lepton-flavor-mixing matrix depend on the energy-scale.Comment: 6 pages, no figur

The effect of Majorana phase in degenerate neutrinos

There are physical Majorana phases in the lepton flavor mixing matrix when neutrinos are Majorana fermions. In the case of two degenerate neutrinos, the physical Majorana phase plays the crucial role for the stability of the maximal flavor mixing between the second and the third generations against quantum corrections. The physical Majorana phase of $\pi$ guarantees the maximal mixing to be stable against quantum corrections, while the Majorana phase of zero lets the maximal mixing be spoiled by quantum corrections when neutrino masses are of O(eV). The continuous change of the Majorana phase from $\pi$ to 0 makes the maximal mixing be spoiled by quantum corrections with O(eV) degenerate neutrino masses. On the other hand, when there is the large mass hierarchy between neutrinos, the maximal flavor mixing is not spoiled by quantum corrections independently of the Majorana phase.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figures, LaTe

Japanese American ethnicity, identity and power in Hawaiʻi

Preface -- Introduction: political and economic Hawaiʻi circa 2022 -- PERSONAL AND COMMUNITY HISTORY -- Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaiʻi oral history interview with Jonathan Y. Okamura -- Race relations in Hawaiʻi during World War II: the noninternment of Japanese Americans -- ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY -- Baseball and beauty queens: the political context of ethnic boundary making in the Japanese American community in Hawaiʻi -- Japanese Americans: toward symbolic identity -- Japanese American and Okinawan American transnationalism in Hawaiʻi and the continental United States -- POLITICAL POWER -- Power and ethnicity: post 1986 -- Japanese American settler colonial power in Hawaiʻ

Method for producing heat-resistant semi-inorganic compounds

The method for producing a heat resistant, semi-inorganic compound is discussed. Five examples in which various alcohols, phenols, and aromatic carbonic acids are used to test heat resistance and solubility are provided