Mass transfer efficiency of a tall and low plate free area liquid pulsed sieve-plate extraction column

Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Chakwal group of industries for funding the project. Ms. Madiha, Ms. Zona, Mr. Sohaib, Mr. Abdullah, Mr. Mudassar, and Mr. Salahuddin also deserve our acknowledgements for their assistance in different ways.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Fiscal Policy and Current Account Dynamics in Case of Pakistan

The study empirically investigates the effects of fiscal policy or government budget deficit shocks on the current account and the other macroeconomic variable: real output, real interest rate and exchange rate for Pakistan over the period 1960-2009. The structural Vector Autoregressive model is employed; the exogenous fiscal policy shocks are identified after controlling the business cycle effects on fiscal balances. The results suggest that an expansionary fiscal policy shock improves the current account and depreciates the exchange rate. The rise in private saving and the fall in investment contribute to the current account improvement while the exchange rate depreciation. The twin divergence of fiscal deficit and current account deficit is also explained by the output shock which seems to drive the current account movements and its comovements with the fiscal balance.Restricted Vector Autoregressive model, current account, government budget deficit, fiscal policy, exchange rate

Starfruit Leaves as Glucose Absorption Inhibitor in Mice's Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Background: Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) leaves contain flavone derivatives that exhibit anti-hyperglycemic effects. This study aims to determine the effect of starfruit leaves in reducing glucose absorption in intestinal epithelial cells of mice. Methods: This study was done by performing perfusion on the small intestines of mice. The mice that were used in this study were divided into four groups. The control group was given glucose solution without infused starfruit leaves whereas, the remaining 3 groups were given 3 mmol (540 mg/dL) glucose solution with infused starfruit leaves of varying concentrations; 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minute. The sample was tested for glucose levels using spectrophotometry. Results: Test of significance showed a significant difference between the control group and the test group with p < 0.05. Conclusions: Starfruit leaves have a reduction effect towards glucose absorption in the small intestines in Wistar strains where the group using 600 mg/kg of infused starfruit leaves have the most significant effect as compared to other groups

Reverse Engineering Blok Silinder, Comp-Head Genset X Dan Pengaruh Developer Terhadap Hasil 3D Scanning

Reverse engineering is a process in manufacturing, which aims to reproduce or recreate an existing model either component, sub-assembly, or product without using the data document design or picture of the existing work. Reverse engineering on the cylinder block and com.head conducted to determine the actual size and shape of the part is to create a 3D surface or solid using Geomagic software design x based stl-file of the 3D scanning using ATOS II. Critical part of this part is located in the combustion chamber and the position of head hole, so the tolerance used is ± 0.03 mm. By testing the differences between type A developer using the addition of an average dimension of 2 – 8 mm. With the addition of developer type B average dimension of 4 – 14 mm. While the difference between type A and type B by a margin dimensions of ± 0 – 11 mm, which developer A can affect the size of the work piece is better than the developer B.Keywords. Reverse Engineering, Developer, Cylinder block, CAE, CAM

Low Complexity Blind Equalization for OFDM Systems with General Constellations

This paper proposes a low-complexity algorithm for blind equalization of data in OFDM-based wireless systems with general constellations. The proposed algorithm is able to recover data even when the channel changes on a symbol-by-symbol basis, making it suitable for fast fading channels. The proposed algorithm does not require any statistical information of the channel and thus does not suffer from latency normally associated with blind methods. We also demonstrate how to reduce the complexity of the algorithm, which becomes especially low at high SNR. Specifically, we show that in the high SNR regime, the number of operations is of the order O(LN), where L is the cyclic prefix length and N is the total number of subcarriers. Simulation results confirm the favorable performance of our algorithm

Germanium-on-silicon mid-infrared waveguides and Mach-Zehnder interferometers

In this paper we describe Ge-on-Si waveguides and Mach-Zehnder interferometers operating in the 5.2 - 5.4 mu m wavelength range. 3dB/cm waveguide losses and Mach-Zehnder interferometers with 20dB extinction ratio are presented

English Language Teaching Using the Whole Student Philosophy

Education in Kuwait is centered on rote learning methodology. Historically, the Kuwait educational system was created to mimic the Egyptian rote learning systems that date back to Pharaonic times. Furthermore, Kuwaiti educators are convinced that rote learning is the optimal form of education. In this paper, I will attempt to prove that this method is unsuccessful, and that educators, within their classroom and lesson planning, should adapt their teaching strategies to the adoption of the whole language philosophy. The major limitation of this research is that the observer is also participant. However, the fact that the observer is fully trained and cognizant of the methodology and procedure and will be referencing parts of the methodology within the paper in addition to applying other techniques in her lesson plans should be of assistance in overcoming this limitation. The whole student methodological construct of this research is a structured observation instrument based on definitions and theories as defined in Yvonne and David Freeman’s (1992) book Whole Language for Second Language Learners. The Freemans are professors in the Division of Language, Literacy and Culture from the graduate school at Fresno Pacific College. They have an intensive background in applying this philosophy and assisting in the training of teachers to improve their classroom learning environment. This research will be limited to high school students in Kuwait, at the International Academy of Kuwait, in Maidan-Hawaly, Kuwait. These students are from a mixture of Arabic heritages, mostly Kuwaiti, Lebanese, Egyptian and Syrian. The students whom I have applied these various methods on are in grades 9-12th. The whole language philosophy has been discussed in countless research mediums. This paper will explore Yvonne and David Freeman’s (1992) investigation of whole language usage for second language learners and their multiple application aspects that outline the scope of this philosophy. This information will likely impact my future teaching practices and increase the learning abilities of my students