345 research outputs found
Bottom-Up Approach to Moduli Dynamics in Heavy Gravitino Scenario : Superpotential, Soft Terms and Sparticle Mass Spectrum
The physics of moduli fields is examined in the scenario where the gravitino
is relatively heavy with mass of order 10 TeV, which is favored in view of the
severe gravitino problem. The form of the moduli superpotential is shown to be
determined, if one imposes a phenomenological requirement that no physical CP
phase arise in gaugino masses from conformal anomaly mediation. This bottom-up
approach allows only two types of superpotential, each of which can have its
origins in a fundamental underlying theory such as superstring. One
superpotential is the sum of an exponential and a constant, which is identical
to that obtained by Kachru et al (KKLT), and the other is the racetrack
superpotential with two exponentials. The general form of soft supersymmetry
breaking masses is derived, and the pattern of the superparticle mass spectrum
in the minimal supersymmetric standard model is discussed with the KKLT-type
superpotential. It is shown that the moduli mediation and the anomaly mediation
make comparable contributions to the soft masses. At the weak scale, the
gaugino masses are rather degenerate compared to the minimal supergravity,
which bring characteristic features on the superparticle masses. In particular,
the lightest neutralino, which often constitutes the lightest superparticle and
thus a dark matter candidate, is a considerable admixture of gauginos and
higgsinos. We also find a small mass hierarchy among the moduli, gravitino, and
superpartners of the standard-model fields. Cosmological implications of the
scenario are briefly described.Comment: 45 pages, 10 figures, typos correcte
Lepton Flavor Violation and Cosmological Constraints on R-parity Violation
In supersymmetric standard models R-parity violating couplings are severely
constrained, since otherwise they would erase the existing baryon asymmetry
before the electroweak transition. It is often claimed that this cosmological
constraint can be circumvented if the baryon number and one of the lepton
flavor numbers are sufficiently conserved in these R-parity violating
couplings, because B/3-L_i for each lepton flavor is separately conserved by
the sphaleron process. We discuss the effect of lepton flavor violation on the
B-L conservation, and show that even tiny slepton mixing angles \theta_{12}
\gsim {\cal O}(10^{-4}) and \theta_{23}, \theta_{13}\gsim {\cal O}(10^{-5})
will spoil the separate B/3-L_i conservation. In particular, if lepton flavor
violations are observed in experiments such as MEG and B-factories, it will
imply that all the R-parity violating couplings must be suppressed to avoid the
B-L erasure. We also discuss the implication for the decay of the lightest MSSM
particle at the LHC.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures. v2: minor change
Broadband ferromagnetic resonance of Ni81Fe19 wires using a rectifying effect
The broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurement using the rectifying effect
of Ni81Fe19 wire has been investigated. One wire is deposited on the center
strip line of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) and the other one deposited between
two strip lines of CPW. The method is based on the detection of the
magnetoresistance oscillation due to the magnetization dynamics induced by the
radio frequency field. The magnetic field dependences of the resonance
frequency and the rectification spectrum are presented and analytically
interpreted on the standpoint of a uniform magnetization precession model.Comment: 33pages, 8 figures. submitte
Impaired tissue homing by the Ikzf3N159S variant is mediated by interfering with Ikaros function
AIOLOS, encoded by IKZF3, is a member of the IKZF family of proteins that plays an important role in regulating late B-cell differentiation. Human individuals heterozygous for the AIOLOS p.N160S variant displayed impaired humoral immune responses as well as impaired B and T cell development. We have previously reported that a mouse strain harboring an Ikzf3N159S allele that corresponds to human IKZF3N160S recapitulated immune-deficient phenotypes, such as impaired B cell development and loss of CD23 expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Ikzf3N159S variant and found that B1a cell development was impaired in Ikzf3N159S/N159S mice. In addition, CD62L expression was severely decreased in both B and T lymphocytes by the Ikzf3N159S mutation, in a dose-dependent manner. Mixed bone marrow chimera experiments have revealed that most immunodeficient phenotypes, including low CD62L expression, occur in intrinsic cells. Interestingly, while Ikzf3N159S/N159S lymphocytes were still present in the spleen, they were completely outcompeted by control cells in the lymph nodes, suggesting that the capacity for homing or retention in the lymph nodes was lost due to the Ikzf3N159S mutation. The homing assay confirmed severely decreased homing abilities to lymph nodes of Ikzf3N159S/N159S B and T lymphocytes but selective enrichment of CD62L expressing Ikzf3N159S/N159S lymphocytes in lymph nodes. This finding suggests that impaired CD62L expression is the major reason for the impaired homing capacity caused by the Ikzf3N159S mutation. Interestingly, an excess amount of Ikaros, but not Aiolos, restored CD62L expression in Ikzf3N159S/N159S B cells. Together with the loss of CD62L expression due to Ikaros deficiency, the AiolosN159S mutant protein likely interferes with Ikaros function through heterodimerization, at least in activating the Sell gene encoding CD62L expression. Thus, our results revealed that AiolosN159S causes some immunodeficient phenotypes via the pathogenesis referred to as the heterodimeric interference as observed for AiolosG158R variant
An integrated genomic analysis of lung cancer reveals loss of DUSP4 in EGFR-mutant tumors.
To address the biological heterogeneity of lung cancer, we studied 199 lung adenocarcinomas by integrating genome-wide data on copy number alterations and gene expression with full annotation for major known somatic mutations in this cancer. This showed non-random patterns of copy number alterations significantly linked to EGFR and KRAS mutation status and to distinct clinical outcomes, and led to the discovery of a striking association of EGFR mutations with underexpression of DUSP4, a gene within a broad region of frequent single-copy loss on 8p. DUSP4 is involved in negative feedback control of EGFR signaling, and we provide functional validation for its role as a growth suppressor in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. DUSP4 loss also associates with p16/CDKN2A deletion and defines a distinct clinical subset of lung cancer patients. Another novel observation is that of a reciprocal relationship between EGFR and LKB1 mutations. These results highlight the power of integrated genomics to identify candidate driver genes within recurrent broad regions of copy number alteration and to delineate distinct oncogenetic pathways in genetically complex common epithelial cancers
The axial anomaly and the phases of dense QCD
The QCD axial anomaly, by coupling the chiral condensate and BCS pairing
fields of quarks in dense matter, leads to a new critical point in the QCD
phase diagram \cite{HTYB,chiral2}, which at sufficiently low temperature should
terminate the line of phase transitions between chirally broken hadronic matter
and color superconducting quark matter. The critical point indicates that
matter at low temperature should cross over smoothly from the hadronic to the
quark phase, as suggested earlier on the basis of symmetry. We review here the
arguments, based on a general Ginzburg-Landau effective Lagrangian, for the
existence of the new critical point, as well as discuss possible connections
between the QCD phase structure and the BEC-BCS crossover in ultracold trapped
atomic fermion systems at unitarity. and implications for the presence of quark
matter in neutron stars.Comment: 8 pages, Proceedings of Quark Matter 2008, Jaipu
A new proposal of tailored bioinstrumentation using rapid prototyping and three-dimensional CAD — First trial to develop individually designed cuff-units for continuous blood pressure measurement
The concept of tailored bioinstrumentation using rapid prototyping and three-dimensional CAD (3D-CAD) was proposed. This concept is to make individually designed and fabricated sensor unit to attach human body. Within the proposed concept, cuff-units for continuous blood pressure measurement were individually designed using 3D-CAD and fabricated automatically. As the result, blood pressure wave forms can be obtained using the finally developed cuff units. Using rapid prototyping device, the design and fabrication process were accelerated without any artisan-like high skilled persons
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