Synthesis and Study of Electrical Properties of Di Ethylene Glycol Embedded ZrO2 Films as a Gas Sensor

In this paper, the effects of Di ethylene glycol (DEG) embedded Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) microstructure and Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensing characteristics of ZrO2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis method were investigated. The films are prepared at X wt. % concentrations (X= 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of Di ethylene Glycol. Microstructure of ZrO2 thin film was drastically changed by the addition of DEG, indicating that the addition of DEG was effective to prevent the agglomeration of ZrO2 particles. The high material and phase purities are found from the characterization studies in all as-prepared films. The better sensitivity factor (SF) values SF ~102 (at T = 450C) and SF = 100 (at T = 37oC) are obtained at 1 wt. % and 5 wt. % of Di ethylene Glycol respectively. It is observed that the gas sensing characteristics of these films are strongly influenced by the optimum concentration of DEG due to the high surface area of nano-sized ZrO2 particles

Regiodivergent Gold-Catalyzed Rearrangement–Addition Reactions of Sulfenylated Propargylic Carboxylates with Indoles

Sulfenylated propargylic carboxylates were introduced to investigate the influence of sulfur substitution in gold-catalyzed alkyne activation pathways. Regiodivergent gold-catalyzed rearrangement and indole capture reactions proceed under mild conditions to give functionalized indole products bearing sulfenylated (Z)-enol carboxylate motifs. Pathways involving both 1,2- and 1,3-carboxylate migrations are achieved selectively, with indole being added in a 1,4 relationship to the sulfenyl group in each case. High levels of selectivity are influenced by the catalyst system, counterion, and carboxylate group

Simulations of Early Baryonic Structure Formation with Stream Velocity: I. Halo Abundance

It has been recently shown that the relative velocity between the dark matter and the baryons (vbc) at the time of recombination can affect the structure formation in the early universe (Tseliakhovich & Hirata 2010). We statistically quantify this effect using large cosmological simulations. We use three different high resolution sets of simulations (with separate transfer functions for baryons and dark matter) that vary in box size, particle number, and the value of the relative velocity between dark matter and baryons. We show that the total number density of halos is suppressed by ~ 20% at z = 25 for vbc = 1{\sigma}(vbc), where {\sigma}(vbc) is the variance of the relative velocity, while for vbc = 3.4{\sigma}(vbc) the relative suppression at the same redshift reaches 50%, remaining at or above the 30% level all the way to z = 11. We also find high abundance of "empty halos", i.e., halos that have gas fraction below half of the cosmic mean baryonic fraction fb. Specifically we find that for vbc = 1{\sigma}(vbc) all halos below 10^5M\odot are empty at z \geq 19. The high abundance of empty halos results in significant delay in the formation of gas rich mini-halos and the first galaxies.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted to Ap

Origin of increased helium density inside bubbles in Ni(1-x)Fex alloys

Due to virtually no solubility, He atoms implanted or created inside materials tend to form bubbles, which are known to damage material properties through embrittlement. Higher He density in nano-sized bubbles was observed both experimentally and computationally in Ni(100-x)Fex-alloy samples compared to Ni. The bubbles in the Ni(100-x)Fex-alloys were observed to be faceted, whereas in elemental Ni they were more spherical. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that stacking fault structures formed around bubbles at maximum He density. Higher Fe concentrations stabilize stacking fault structures, suppress evolution of dislocation network around bubbles and suppress complete dislocation emission, leading to higher He density. (C) 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Nucleus-Electron Model for States Changing from a Liquid Metal to a Plasma and the Saha Equation

We extend the quantal hypernetted-chain (QHNC) method, which has been proved to yield accurate results for liquid metals, to treat a partially ionized plasma. In a plasma, the electrons change from a quantum to a classical fluid gradually with increasing temperature; the QHNC method applied to the electron gas is in fact able to provide the electron-electron correlation at arbitrary temperature. As an illustrating example of this approach, we investigate how liquid rubidium becomes a plasma by increasing the temperature from 0 to 30 eV at a fixed normal ion-density $1.03 \times 10^{22}/cm^3$. The electron-ion radial distribution function (RDF) in liquid Rb has distinct inner-core and outer-core parts. Even at a temperature of 1 eV, this clear distinction remains as a characteristic of a liquid metal. At a temperature of 3 eV, this distinction disappears, and rubidium becomes a plasma with the ionization 1.21. The temperature variations of bound levels in each ion and the average ionization are calculated in Rb plasmas at the same time. Using the density-functional theory, we also derive the Saha equation applicable even to a high-density plasma at low temperatures. The QHNC method provides a procedure to solve this Saha equation with ease by using a recursive formula; the charge population of differently ionized species are obtained in Rb plasmas at several temperatures. In this way, it is shown that, with the atomic number as the only input, the QHNC method produces the average ionization, the electron-ion and ion-ion RDF's, and the charge population which are consistent with the atomic structure of each ion for a partially ionized plasma.Comment: 28 pages(TeX) and 11 figures (PS

Femtosecond Thermionic Emission in the Space-Charge Limited Regime

We study femtosecond-laser-pulse-induced electron emission from W(100), Al(110), and Ag(lll) in the sub-damage regime (1–44 mJ/cm2 fluence) by simultaneously measuring the incident-light reflectivity, total electron yield, and electron-energy distribution curves of the emitted electrons. The total-yield results are compared with a space-charge-limited extension of the Richardson-Dushman equation for short-time-scale thermionic emission and with particle-in-a-cell computer simulations of femtosecond-pulsed-induced thermionic emission. Quantitative agreement between the experimental results and two calculated temperature-dependent yields is obtained and shows that the yield varies linearly with temperature beginning at a threshold electron temperature of ~0.25 eV The particle-in-a-cell simulations also reproduce the experimental electron-energy distribution curves. Taken together, the experimental results, the theoretical calculations, and the results of the simulations indicate that thermionic emission from nonequilibrium electron heating provides the dominant source of the emitted electrons. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that a quantitative theory of space-charge-limited femtosecond-pulse-induced electron emission is possible

Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI) −- X. Strong Lens Finding in The HSC-SSP using Convolutional Neural Networks

We apply a novel model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify gravitationally-lensed galaxies in multi-band imaging of the Hyper Suprime Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) Survey. The trained model is applied to a parent sample of 2 350 061 galaxies selected from the $\sim$ 800 deg$^2$ Wide area of the HSC-SSP Public Data Release 2. The galaxies in HSC Wide are selected based on stringent pre-selection criteria, such as multiband magnitudes, stellar mass, star formation rate, extendedness limit, photometric redshift range, etc. Initially, the CNNs provide a total of 20 241 cutouts with a score greater than 0.9, but this number is subsequently reduced to 1 522 cutouts by removing definite non-lenses for further inspection by human eyes. We discover 43 definite and 269 probable lenses, of which 97 are completely new. In addition, out of 880 potential lenses, we recovered 289 known systems in the literature. We identify 143 candidates from the known systems that had higher confidence in previous searches. Our model can also recover 285 candidate galaxy-scale lenses from the Survey of Gravitationally lensed Objects in HSC Imaging (SuGOHI), where a single foreground galaxy acts as the deflector. Even though group-scale and cluster-scale lens systems were not included in the training, a sample of 32 SuGOHI-c (i.e., group/cluster-scale systems) lens candidates was retrieved. Our discoveries will be useful for ongoing and planned spectroscopic surveys, such as the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph project, to measure lens and source redshifts in order to enable detailed lens modelling.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS, 16 pages, 13 figures. Comments welcom

The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design

Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) is a wide-field imaging camera on the prime focus of the 8.2m Subaru telescope on the summit of Maunakea in Hawaii. A team of scientists from Japan, Taiwan and Princeton University is using HSC to carry out a 300-night multi-band imaging survey of the high-latitude sky. The survey includes three layers: the Wide layer will cover 1400 deg$^2$ in five broad bands ($grizy$), with a $5\,\sigma$ point-source depth of $r \approx 26$. The Deep layer covers a total of 26~deg$^2$ in four fields, going roughly a magnitude fainter, while the UltraDeep layer goes almost a magnitude fainter still in two pointings of HSC (a total of 3.5 deg$^2$). Here we describe the instrument, the science goals of the survey, and the survey strategy and data processing. This paper serves as an introduction to a special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, which includes a large number of technical and scientific papers describing results from the early phases of this survey.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Corrected for a typo in the coordinates of HSC-Wide spring equatorial field in Table

Quantum Tunneling, Blackbody Spectrum and Non-Logarithmic Entropy Correction for Lovelock Black Holes

We show, using the tunneling method, that Lovelock black holes Hawking radiate with a perfect blackbody spectrum. This is a new result. Within the semiclassical (WKB) approximation the temperature of the spectrum is given by the semiclassical Hawking temperature. Beyond the semiclassical approximation the thermal nature of the spectrum does not change but the temperature undergoes some higher order corrections. This is true for both black hole (event) and cosmological horizons. Using the first law of thermodynamics the black hole entropy is calculated. Specifically the $D$-dimensional static, chargeless black hole solutions which are spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat, AdS or dS are considered. The interesting property of these black holes is that their semiclassical entropy does not obey the Bekenstein-Hawking area law. It is found that the leading correction to the semiclassical entropy for these black holes is not logarithmic and next to leading correction is also not inverse of horizon area. This is in contrast to the black holes in Einstein gravity. The modified result is due to the presence of Gauss-Bonnet term in the Lovelock Lagrangian. For the limit where the coupling constant of the Gauss-Bonnet term vanishes one recovers the known correctional terms as expected in Einstein gravity. Finally we relate the coefficient of the leading (non-logarithmic) correction with the trace anomaly of the stress tensor.Comment: minor modifications, two new references added, LaTeX, JHEP style, 34 pages, no figures, to appear in JHE

A successful pregnancy outcome following embolisation for post modified Manchester Fothergill haemorrhage: an interesting case report

Genital prolapse is one of the most common disorder affecting women of varying age group; though it typically affects older and parous women. Malfunction of the pelvic support is the most common cause of this disorder. Increasing age and excess weight are established risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse.In young nulliparous women conservative surgery is preferred to preserve the fertility of the patient. The approach of surgery can be either vaginal or abdominal depending on the classification of prolapse. We reported a rare case of a 36-year-old P1L0 (IUFD1) A1 with cervical elongation who was apprehensive to have a child. She was managed at our institute and had a successful pregnancy outcome in spite of undergoing embolization for secondary haemorrhage following modified Manchester-Fothergill operation