醤油諸味中の産膜性酵母の研究(第 2 報) : 食塩に対する産膜性醤油酵母の態度

1. 産膜性醤油酵母の或る種属には其の培養基中に或程度の無機塩類が添加された場合に始めて産膜性を表すものがある。我々は斯る産膜性酵母の一株を醤油諸味より分離しZygos-4と命名した。2. 高食塩濃度含有培地に培養されたZygos-4は顕春しく食塩に対して馴置される性質を持つ。3. 高食塩濃度含有培地に培養した場合に生ずるZygos-4の沈澱と皮膜に就ては, 其の皮膜を形成する細胞の方が沈澱のものより醗酵力に於て食塩の影響を受け難いと推定される。4. 食塩に依つてZygos-4の繁殖が抑制される場合其の代謝様式に関するRQの変化は考へられない。We reported before that the film-soya-yeast did not seem to be harmful to the soya mash when they stayed in anaerobic condition and not produce a film on the surface of the mash. Some of them don\u27t always grow producing a film, but propagate as sediments in the form of a clod or lump according to the composition of the medium. We can isolate such a strain, named Zygos-4 by us, in soya mash, and it does not make a film when the medium does not contain sodium chloride or other salts to some extent. A high content of sodium chloride in the medium is harmful to the fermentative power of the yeast. The harmful effect on the yeast film cell is less than that on the yeast precipitate cell, when both have been previously grown in the medium containing a high concentration of sodium chloride. The ratio of oxgen to carbon dioxide in the metabolic action of the two samples does not seem to be much effected or clearly differentiated, regordless wether the medium does or does not contain sodium chloride to some extent

醤油の産膜性酵母に関する研究(第 3 報) : 醤油酵母のグルコーズ代謝に対する食塩の影響

1. 産膜及び非産膜醤油酵母の代謝能と食塩との関係をワールブルグ検圧計を用いて好気的に測定した結果, 食塩の存在によつてその代謝能は何れの場合も弱められる事を認めた。2. 予め高食塩濃度で培養した場合の菌体代謝能は一般に弱められているが, 食塩に対する或程度の耐性を示した。尚非産膜性酵母の場合は全くその好気的代謝能を測定し得なかつた。3. 産膜性酵母の皮膜と沈澱の両部分の菌体に就て高食塩濃度に於いてはその代謝能は主として皮膜に存在する事を認めた。4. R-Qの示す結果より菌体各試料共にその代謝に於て食塩の添加と共にR-Q値が僅かに増大する傾向を認めた。即ち食塩の存在によつて好気的代謝が弱められ, それに代つて嫌気的代謝が行われるであろうと推察した。尚本実験の中菌体濃度測定に使用せる光電比色計は中江氏寄付のものを使用した。又ワールブルグ検圧計の使用に便宜を与えられた本学金森教授に併せ深謝する。1. We investigated the influence of sodium chloride for the metabolism of film soya-yeasts and nonfilm soya-yeasts by Warburg\u27s manometer in the aerobic condition. The metabolism of both film-soya-yeasts and non-film-soya-yeasts is weakened by increasing of salt concentration. 2. The metabolism of the viable cells which are prepared from the cultures in the high concentrated salt is generally weakened, having a little resitance for salt. The aerobic metabolism of the cells of nonfilm-soya-yeasts which are prepared in the same condition cannot be estimated by such experiment. 3. The comparison of the metabolism between the films and the precipitates of the cells of film soya-yeasts in high concentration of salt was performed and the result shows that the part of films has much metabolic power in such condition. 4. The respirations quotients of the metabolism at every experiment are shown to be slightly increased by adding of salt. These results are suggesting that the anaerobic metabolism of two kinds of soya-yeasts is raised up by increasing of salt concentration, being weakened in aerobic metabolism

A high resolution atlas of gene expression in the domestic sheep (Ovis aries)

Sheep are a key source of meat, milk and fibre for the global livestock sector, and an important biomedical model. Global analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues has aided genome annotation and supported functional annotation of mammalian genes. We present a large-scale RNA-Seq dataset representing all the major organ systems from adult sheep and from several juvenile, neonatal and prenatal developmental time points. The Ovis aries reference genome (Oar v3.1) includes 27,504 genes (20,921 protein coding), of which 25,350 (19,921 protein coding) had detectable expression in at least one tissue in the sheep gene expression atlas dataset. Network-based cluster analysis of this dataset grouped genes according to their expression pattern. The principle of 'guilt by association' was used to infer the function of uncharacterised genes from their co-expression with genes of known function. We describe the overall transcriptional signatures present in the sheep gene expression atlas and assign those signatures, where possible, to specific cell populations or pathways. The findings are related to innate immunity by focusing on clusters with an immune signature, and to the advantages of cross-breeding by examining the patterns of genes exhibiting the greatest expression differences between purebred and crossbred animals. This high-resolution gene expression atlas for sheep is, to our knowledge, the largest transcriptomic dataset from any livestock species to date. It provides a resource to improve the annotation of the current reference genome for sheep, presenting a model transcriptome for ruminants and insight into gene, cell and tissue function at multiple developmental stages