RAPBN 2013 Rasa Pencitraan: Banyak Pemborosan dan Belum Mensejahterakan Rakyat

Pada Tanggal 16 Agustus 2012 Presiden Republik Indonesi, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, menyampaikan Nota Keuangan RAPBN 2013 kepada DPR RI. secar Umum, NK RAPBN 2013 berisikan beberapa hal sebagai berikut. 1. Pendapatan Negara Direncanakan mencapai Rp.1.507,7 triliun, terdiri atas penerimaan perpajakan Rp.1.178,9 triliun, PNPB Rp.324,3 triliun, dan penerimaan hibah Rp.4,5 triliun. 2. Belanja Negara direncanakan sebesar Rp.1.657,9 triliun, terdiri atas belanja pemerintah pusat Rp.1.139 triliun (68,7 persen) dan transfer ke daerah Rp.518,9 triliun (31,2 persen). 3. Pagu anggaran kementerian Negara/Lembaga tahun 2013 sebesar Rp.547,852 triliun, sebanyak Rp.415,718 triliun, di antaranya (75,89 persen) dialokasikan untuk 10 kementrian. 4. Defisit Anggaran diperkirakan sebesar Rp.150,2 triliun, (1,62 persen terhadap PDB). Pembiayaan defisit RAPBN 2013 direncanakan berasal dari sumber-sumber pembiayaan dalam negeri sebesar Rp. 169,6 triliun, dan pembiayaan nuar negeri (neto) sebesar Negatif Rp.19,5 triliun

Reformasi Penganggaran di Indonesia

Sebagian salah satu instrumen ekonomi yang penting, anggaran memiliki peran utama untuk menyejahterakan rakyat. Tata kelola anggaran yang baik menentukan arah kebijakan anggaran dalam mencapai tujuan bernegara. Oleh karenanya, sebagian penada mengembalikan anggaran ketujuannya, Pemerintah pasca reformasi membuat Undang-undang keuangan negara atau dikenal dengan UU No.17 tahun 2003. Ini Adalah UU keuangan Negara yang pertama yang dibuat pemerintah Indonesia sejak kemerdekaan 1945. Sebelom Indonesia menganut sistem keuangan peninggalan Hindia Belanda yaituh, Indische Comptabiliteitswet atau yang lebih dikenal ICW

A review on gastric diverticulum

The gastric fundal diverticulae are rare. They can present with variable symptoms. We are enclosing a literature review on gastric fundal diverticulum. Lessons have emerged which may help in the management of this rare condition in future

Probing the link between oestrogen receptors and oesophageal cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human oesophageal carcinoma is considered to be one of the most aggressive malignancies and has a very poor prognosis. The incidence of oesophageal cancer shows a gender bias and is higher in males compared with females, the ratio between males and females varying from 3:1 to 7:1. This sex ratio is not entirely attributable to differences in the prevalence of known risk factors between the sexes. The potential role of oestrogen receptors (ER) in oesophageal cancer has been debated for several years but the significance of the receptors in this cancer remains unknown. Most of the work has been based on immunohistochemistry and has not been validated with other available techniques. The inconsistencies in the published literature on the link between ER expression and oesophageal cancer warrant a thorough evaluation of the potential role of ERs in this malignancy. Even the expression of the two ER isoforms, ERα and ERβ, and its implications for outcome of treatments in histological subtypes of oesophageal tumours is ill defined. The aim of this article is to provide updated information from the available literature on the current status of ER expression in oesophageal cancer and to discuss its potential therapeutic role.</p> <p>Methods and Results</p> <p>We performed a comprehensive literature search and analysed the results regarding ER expression in oesophageal tumours with special emphasis on expression of different oestrogen receptors and the role of sex hormones in oesophageal cancer. This article also focuses on the significance of the two main ER subtypes and mechanisms underlying the presumed male predominance of this disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We postulate that differential oestrogen receptor status may be considered a biomarker of poor clinical outcome based on tissue dedifferentiation or advanced stage of the disease. Further, if we can establish the importance of oestrogen and its receptors in the context of oesophageal cancer, then this may lead to a new future direction in the management of this malignancy.</p

Anisotropic Dirac fermions in a Bi square net of SrMnBi2

We report the highly anisotropic Dirac fermions in a Bi square net of SrMnBi2, based on a first principle calculation, angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and quantum oscillations for high-quality single crystals. We found that the Dirac dispersion is generally induced in the (SrBi)+ layer containing a double-sized Bi square net. In contrast to the commonly observed isotropic Dirac cone, the Dirac cone in SrMnBi2 is highly anisotropic with a large momentum-dependent disparity of Fermi velocities of ~ 8. These findings demonstrate that a Bi square net, a common building block of various layered pnictides, provide a new platform that hosts highly anisotropic Dirac fermions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Structural Characteristics of the Semanggol Formation Along the East-West Highway Route 67 Baling Area, Kedah, Malaysia

The amounts of structural data available from the East-West Highway Route 67 of Baling Area have been used to unravel the structural characteristics of the Semanggol Formation, which comprises black mudstone, sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone, tuff, paraconglomerate, siliceous shale and chert. The area was cut by two sets of faults trending NW-SE and NE-SW. The main fault in this area is known as Bok Bak fault that is trending NW-SE and have moderately to steeply dips (40o-88o) as compared to the conjugate faults. Two sets of folds trending NE-SW and NW-SE were also identified in this area, where most of them are symmetrical fold with gentle to open fold varies from non-plunging to nearly moderately plunging folds. Most of the faults have parallel orientation to the fold axis, indicated this pattern probably originated at the same period of deformation due to warping and uplifting. Sejumlah data struktur geologi yang terdapat di sepanjang jalur tol Timur-Barat rute 67 daerah Baling telah digunakan untuk menguraikan karakteristik struktur dari Formasi Semanggol yang terdiri atas batu lempung hitam, batu pasir, batu pasir tufaan, tuf, para-konglomerat, batu serpih yang mengandungi silika dan batu rijang. Daerah ini dipotong oleh dua pasang patahan utama yang berarah NW-SE dan NE-SW. Sesar utama di kawasan ini dikenal sebagai Sesar Bok Bak dengan arah NW-SE dan kemiringan sedang hingga curam (40o-88o) sebanding dengan sesar konjugasinya. Dua pasang lipatan berarah NE-SW dan NW-SE juga dapat diidentifikasi di kawasan ini dimana sebagian besar dari lipatan tersebut merupakan lipatan simetri yang landai hingga terbuka dan bervariasi dari sudut penunjamannya dari tidak menunjam sama sekali hingga menunjam sedang. Kebanyakan dari sesar ini berorientasi sejajar dengan sumbu lipatan, mengindikasikan bahwa model ini kemungkinan terbentuk pada periode yang sama dengan proses terjadinya deformasi disebabkan oleh proses pelengkungan dan pengangkatan

A review on delayed presentation of diaphragmatic rupture

Diaphragmatic rupture is a life-threatening condition. Diaphragmatic injuries are quite uncommon and often result from either blunt or penetrating trauma. Diaphragmatic ruptures are usually associated with abdominal trauma however, it can occur in isolation. Acute traumatic rupture of the diaphragm may go unnoticed and there is often a delay between the injury and the diagnosis. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the terms "delayed presentation of post traumatic diaphragmatic rupture" and "delayed diaphragmatic rupture". The diagnostic and management challenges encountered are discussed, together with strategies for dealing with them. We have focussed on mechanism of injury, duration, presentation and site of injury, visceral herniation, investigations and different approaches for repair. We intend to stress on the importance of delay in presentation of diaphragmatic rupture and to provide a review on the available investigations and treatment methods. The enclosed case report also emphasizes on the delayed presentation, diagnostic challenges and the advantages of laparoscopic repair of delayed diaphragmatic rupture

Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, komunikasi, dan kompensasi finansial terhadap kinerja karyawan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, komunikasi, dan kompensasi finansial terhadap kinerja karyawan pt.inti surya deli cabang bontang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada karyawan pt. Inti surya deli cabang bontang. Penelitian ini menerapkan alat analisis statistical product and service solution (spss) dan dengan analisis kuantitatif sebagai metode penelitian. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 27 karyawan pt.inti surya deli cabang bontang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, selanjutnya komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan kompensasi finansial berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pt.inti surya deli cabang bontang