Bioaccumulation of trace metals and genotoxicity responses in Liza aurata as an indicator of industrial pollution

Heavy metal contamination in the coastal and marine ecosystems is becoming a serious risk to aquatic organisms and humans. This study reports the effects, including genetic damage, of accumulations of trace metals on Liza aurata, which is used as a bio-indicator species, in the Payas coast of Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean by COMET Assay. L. aurata were seasonally collected from a sampling site and a reference site for one year. Physicochemical parameters in water and trace metals in the tissues of fish collected from these sites were determined by electrochemical techniques. High DNA damage frequency in L. aurata was observed along the Payas coast of Iskenderun Bay compared to the reference site because of pollutants. The detected high levels of Cd, Pb, Fe and Cu accumulation in L. aurata exceed the maximum levels allowed by the national and international limit values. Significant positive correlations between Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Fe, Zn, and Cu accumulations and DNA damage parameters were observed in the present study. Additionally, we first reported the successful use of the electrochemical technique in the determination of trace metal concentrations in mullet. Moreover, L. aurata constitutes a key tool as a sentinel organism for biomonitoring of coastal ecosystems. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02591-

Evaluation of how low-frequency magnetic field effect on contraction parameters and proteins in uterus muscle in pregnancy rats

The purpose of this study is to examine whether acutely or chronically exposure to low-frequency pulsed magnetic field (PMF) is adversely effect on contraction proteins and parameters of the uterine muscle in pregnancy terms of rats. Pregnant fifty-six rats divided into 8 groups (in each group, n= 7) according to pregnancy terms of rats; Exposed-pulsed magnetic field (Control, Early-PMF, Middle-PMF and Late-PMF of pregnancy terms) and unexposed groups. End of the pregnancy terms of rats, firstly were collected blood from rats for measure to contraction proteins levels (myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and calmodulin (CAM)), then, uterine rings mounted in an organ baths. Uterine rings were allowed to equilibrate at 1.5 g tension for 60 min. The amplitude of contraction-force and contration-frequency in uterine rings was measured with isometric force transducers and MP35 systems. The uterine contraction parameters were analyzed as gram force (gf) and area (AUC;gxs). At the early-term of pregnancy, contraction force and AUC (under the curve) increased and at early and late terms of pregnancy, contraction force and frequency decreased in exposed to pulsed magnetic field groups compared to the control groups. Also, Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and calmodulin (CAM) levels significantly decreased in early and late terms of pregnancy rats in exposed to pulsed magnetic field groups compare to control groups. Findings suggest that acute or chronically non-invasive pulsed magnetic field exposure have no adversely affect in terms of pregnancy if the mother does not have any other symptomatic problem. Also non-invasive pulsed magnetic field application may help prevent unpleasant symptomatic progression in early and late terms of gestation. Therefore, there is a need for more detailed investigations whether acute or chronic exposure to pulsed magnetic field is affect

The influence of 50 Hz pulsed magnetic field on contraction proteins and parameters of uterus muscle in pregnancy terms of rats

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine whether acute or chronic y exposure to 50 Hz frequency pulsed magnetic field (PMF) has adverse effects on contraction proteins and parameters of the uterine muscle in pregnancy terms of rats. Methods: Pregnant fifty-six rats were divided into 8 groups (in each group, n= 7) according to pregnancy terms of rats as: Exposed-pulsed magnetic field (Control, Early-PMF, Middle-PMF and Late-PMF of pregnancy terms) and unexposed groups. At the end of the pregnancy terms of rats, blood samples were collected blood to measure the levels of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and calmodulin (CAM)), then, uterine rings were mounted in an organ bath. Uterine rings were allowed to equilibrate at 1.5 g tension for 60 min. The amplitude of contraction-force and contractionfrequency in uterine rings were measured with isometric force transducers and MP35 systems. Results: The uterine contraction force and contraction frequency were analyzed as gram-force and contraction frequency (per 5-minute (frequency). At early and late terms of pregnancy, contraction force and frequency decreased in the groups exposed to pulsed magnetic field when compared to the control groups. Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and calmodulin (CAM) levels of early and late pregnancy terms of rats in exposed to pulsed magnetic field groups were found to decrease significantly compared to control groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that acute or chronically non-invasive pulsed magnetic field exposure have no adverse effects in terms of pregnancy if the mother does not have any other symptomatic problem. Therefore, there is a need for more detailed investigations to conclude the effects of acute or chronic exposure to pulsed magnetic field

The role of calcium ions on uterus muscle of exposed to pulsed magnetic field pregnant rats

Introduction: Functional impairments that occur in uterine contractions lead to many gynecological disorders in pregnancy terms. The present study was aimed at determining the role of concentrations of calcium ion how uterine smooth muscle contraction parameters were modulated by pulsed-magnetic field (PMF) with respect to varying contraction parameters in pregnancy terms of rats. Methods: Pregnant fifty-six Wistar Albino divided into 8 groups (in each group, n= 7) according to pregnancy terms; Exposed-pulsed magnetic field (Control, Early-PMF, Middle-PMF and Late-PMF of pregnancy terms) pregnant rats and unexposed pregnant rats groups. Uterine rings were allowed to equilibrate at 1.5 g tension for 60 min, after which the preparations were challenged twice by administration of a maximally effective concentration of oxytocin(1mU/mL). When the contractions became regular, they were exposed to increasing cumulative manner calcium concentrations (10-4, 10-3 and 10-2 M) in Ca2+-free Krebs solution. Results: The uterine contraction parameters were analyzed as gram force (gf) and area under the curve (AUC). At the early-term of pregnancy, contraction force and AUC increased in exposed to pulsed magnetic field groups compared to the control groups. While uterine rings treated with 10-4 and 10-3 M Ca2+ could not observe any considerable values, it was found significant results in those treated with 10-2 M Ca2+. Conclusion: Findings suggest that non-invasive pulsed magnetic field application may help prevent unpleasant symptomatic progression in late terms of gestation. Detailed examination of the L-type Ca2+ channels which play an important role in the contraction will be death with later on

Anjiyotensin II tip 2 reseptör geni (AGTR2) ve interlökin 4 (IL-4) genindeki tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerinin preeklampsi riskine katkılarının Türk populasyonunda incelenmesi

Purpose: Preeclampsia, specific to human pregnancies, is a serious disorder, which occurs approximately in 6-10% of all pregnancies. It is a complex disorder, in which immune and genetic factors also take part. The aim of the current study was toinvestigate whether there is an association between AGTR2 A1675G and IL4 -590 (C>T) polymorphisms and preeclampsia. Material and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 131 preeclamptic and 86 normotensive pregnant women. The AGTR2 and IL-4 polymorphisms were genotyped by using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: As for AGTR2 gene 1675 polymorphism, there was not any significant difference in terms of genotype frequencies but there was a significant difference in terms of allele frequencies. As for IL-4 gene -590 polymorphism, there was not any significant difference in terms of genotype and allele frequencies. Conclusions: AGTR2, GG genotype and IL-4, TT genotype were found significantly higher in preeclamptic women than normotensive pregnant women.These genotypes might be a susceptibility risk factor for preeclampsia but these findings need to be tested in a larger sample size.Amaç: Preeklampsi, tüm gebeliklerin yaklaşık %6-10’ unda görülen ve gebe kadınlara özgü ciddi bir hastalıktır. İmmün ve genetik faktörlerin de katkıda bulunduğu kompleks bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada amacımız, AGTR2A1675G ve IL4 -590 (C>T) polimorfizmleri ve preeklampsi arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını incelemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yüz otuzbir preeklampsili ve 86 normal gebe kadından alınan periferik kandan, genomic DNA izole edildi. AGTR2 ve IL-4 polimorfizmleri polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu kullanılarak genotiplendirildi. Bulgular: AGTR2 geni 1675 polimorfizminin genotip frekansı açısından önemli bir fark bulunamadı fakat allel frekansları açısından önemli bir fark bulunmuştur. IL-4 geni -590 polimorfizmi genotip ve allel frekansları açısından önemli bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: AGTR2, GG genotipi ve IL-4, TT genotipi preeklampsili kadınlarda normal gebe kadınlara oranla önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Bu genotipe sahip olma, preeklampsi meydana gelmesi açısından bir risk faktörü olabilir ancak bu bulgular daha fazla örnekte test edilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır

Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AGTR2) gene and interleukin 4 (IL-4) gene for their contribution to the risk of preeclampsia in Turkish population

Amaç: Preeklampsi, tüm gebeliklerin yaklaşık %6-10' unda görülen ve gebe kadınlara özgü ciddi bir hastalıktır. İmmün ve genetik faktörlerin de katkıda bulunduğu kompleks bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada amacımız, AGTR2A1675G ve IL4 -590 (C>T) polimorfizmleri ve preeklampsi arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını incelemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: Yüz otuzbir preeklampsili ve 86 normal gebe kadından alınan periferik kandan, genomic DNA izole edildi. AGTR2 ve IL-4 polimorfizmleri polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu kullanılarak genotiplendirildi. Bulgular: AGTR2 geni 1675 polimorfizminin genotip frekansı açısından önemli bir fark bulunamadı fakat allel frekansları açısından önemli bir fark bulunmuştur. IL-4 geni -590 polimorfizmi genotip ve allel frekansları açısından önemli bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: AGTR2, GG genotipi ve IL-4, TT genotipi preeklampsili kadınlarda normal gebe kadınlara oranla önemli derecede yüksek bulundu. Bu genotipe sahip olma, preeklampsi meydana gelmesi açısından bir risk faktörü olabilir ancak bu bulgular daha fazla örnekte test edilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır.Purpose: Preeclampsia, specific to human pregnancies, is a serious disorder, which occurs approximately in 6-10% of all pregnancies. It is a complex disorder, in which immune and genetic factors also take part. The aim of the current study was toinvestigate whether there is an association between AGTR2 A1675G and IL4 -590 (C>T) polymorphisms and preeclampsia. Material and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 131 preeclamptic and 86 normotensive pregnant women. The AGTR2 and IL-4 polymorphisms were genotyped by using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: As for AGTR2 gene 1675 polymorphism, there was not any significant difference in terms of genotype frequencies but there was a significant difference in terms of allele frequencies. As for IL-4 gene -590 polymorphism, there was not any significant difference in terms of genotype and allele frequencies. Conclusions: AGTR2, GG genotype and IL-4, TT genotype were found significantly higher in preeclamptic women than normotensive pregnant women.These genotypes might be a susceptibility risk factor for preeclampsia but these findings need to be tested in a larger sample size

Interrelation of aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor in the developing mouse fetal brain

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, gonodotropin salgılanması, cinsel dimorfik fetal beyin gelişimi ve yetişkinlerdeki cinsel tercih için çok önemli olan, aromatazın ve östrojen reseptör alfa (Esr1) ve progesteron reseptörlerinin (Pgr) gebeliğin farklı dönemlerindeki mRNA ekspresyon profillerinin eş zamanlı olarak belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Metod: Dişi fareler, üreme potansiyeli olan erkek farelerle çiftleştirildi ve başarılı çiftleşme, bir gün sonra oluşan vajinal plak kontrol edilerek doğrulandı (vajinal plak=gebeliğin birinci günü). Gebeliğin 9-12-15-17-19-21.günlerinde gebe farelerin yaşamları sonlandırıldı ve fetüslere ait beyinler çıkarılarak mRNA izole edildi ve cDNA haline çevrildi. mRNA ekspresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi Cyp19a1, Esr1 ve Pgr genlerine özgün primerler ile real time PCR yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmalarımızda; Esr1 ve Pgr mRNA ekspresyon düzeyleri 9. günde tepe noktaya ulaştı, 17-18. günlerde ise normal yetişkin düzeylerine döndü. Cyp19a1 mRNA ekspresyonu, Esr1 ve Pgr mRNA düzeylerindeki ciddi bir azalmayla beraber, 15-16. günde tepe noktaya ulaştı ve takriben doğumun olacağı dönemlerde normal erişkin seviyelerine indi. Sonuç: Fetal beyinde Cyp19a1 ekspresyonu gebeliğin 11-12. günü civarında başlar ve 15-16. günlerinde tepe noktasına ulaşır. Bunu takiben 19-20. günlerinde de normal yetişkin seviyelerine iner. Son zamanlarda rapor edilen çalışmalarda, Esr1 ve Pgr’nin fare beyninde Cyp19a1 mRNA ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığı belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar ışığında bizim bulgularımız, Esr1 ve Pgr’nin fetal fare beyninde aromataz ekspresyonun düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığını düşündürebilir.Purpose: Aromatase (Cyp19a1) is crucial for the sexually dimorphic development of the fetal brain, regulation of gonadotropin secretion and sexual interest in adults. Our goal is to determine the developmental mRNA expression patterns of aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) and progesterone receptor (Pgr) in the fetal mouse brain at different times of gestation. Material and Methods: Female mice were mated with fertile males and checked for vaginal plug the next day to confirm successful mating (vaginal plug=day 1 of pregnancy). At gestational days 9-12-15-17-19-21 pregnant mice were sacrificed and fetal brains were removed and mRNAs were isolated and reverse transcribed into cDNAs. In order to evaluate mRNA expression levels, real time PCR was performed employing primers for Cyp19a1, Esr1 and Pgr genes. Results: In our studies, Esr1 and Pgr mRNA expression levels peaked at day 9 and returned to normal adult levels at around day 17-18. Cyp19a1 mRNA expression peaked at day 14-16 along with a drastic decrease in Esr1 and Pgr mRNA expression levels and then returned to normal adult levels around the time of delivery. Conclusion: Cyp19a1 expression in the fetal brain launches around gestational day 11-12 and peaks around gestational day 14-16 and fall back to normal adult levels at around gestational day 19-20. It has been recently reported that Esr1 and Pgr both mediate Cyp19a1 mRNA expression in the mouse brain. Together with these previous reports, our findings may imply that both Esr1 and Pgr possibly play a role in the developmental regulation of aromatase in the fetal mouse brain

Kanserli hücre hatları, pasaj sayısı arttıkça genomik organizasyonunu ve karyotipini değiştirir: sitogenetik bir çalışma

Purpose: Here we cytogenetically investigated the chromosomal rearrangements in repeated cultures of six different cell lines over continuous passages. Materials and Methods: MCF7, HCT116, A549, SHSY5Y, HEPG2, and NIH3T3 cell lines were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. GTG banding procedure was used for the analysis of metaphase chromosomes, at least 20 metaphases were analyzed per cell line. Results: We found chromosome number variations and structural changes in the all examined cell cultures as the passage numbers increase. Conclusion: Cell lines have long been used in research to test drugs, to delineate molecular mechanisms, to understand the environmental effects and so on. The most important feature of a cell line is its genotype and karyotype similarities with their host organism. Cancer Cell lines, possess genomic/chromosomal instability that also lead them to change their phenotype along with their karyotype from one passage to next. Therefore, it is always best to verify karyotype before employing a specific cell line in a research project.Amaç: İ Burada sitogenetik olarak, altı farklı hücre hattının tekrarlanan hücre kültürlerinde yeni kromozomal düzenlenmeleri araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: MCF7, HCT116, A549, SHSY5Y, HEPG2 ve NIH3T3 hücre hatları, %10 FBS ve %1 penisilin-streptomisin içeren DMEM besiyerinde kültüre edildi. Metafaz kromozomlarının analizi için GTG bantlama prosedürü kullanıldı ve en az 20 metafaz analiz edildi. Bulgular: İncelenen hücre kültürlerinde pasaj sayısı artışıyla kromozom sayı varyasyonları ve yapısal değişiklikler tespit ettik. Sonuç: İlaçları test etmek, moleküler mekanizmaları tanımlamak, çevresel etkileri anlamak için hücre hatları uzun süredir araştırmalarda kullanılmaktadır. Bir hücre dizisinin en önemli özelliği, konak organizmasıyla olan genotip ve karyotip benzerlikleridir. Kanser Hücresi soyları, genomik/kromozomal dengesizliğe sahiptir ve bu da her pasajda fenotip değişimi ile birlikte karyotip değişimine neden olabilmaktedir. Bu nedenle, hücre kültürlerinin kullanılacağı bir araştırma projesine başlamadan muhakkak kullanılan hücre hattının karyotipini doğrulamak gerekmektedir

Interrelation of aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor in the developing mouse fetal brain

Amaç: Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, gonodotropin salgılanması, cinsel dimorfik fetal beyin gelişimi ve yetişkinlerdeki cinsel tercih için çok önemli olan, aromatazın ve östrojen reseptör alfa (Esr1) ve progesteron reseptörlerinin (Pgr) gebeliğin farklı dönemlerindeki mRNA ekspresyon profillerinin eş zamanlı olarak belirlenmesidir. Materyal ve Metod: Dişi fareler, üreme potansiyeli olan erkek farelerle çiftleştirildi ve başarılı çiftleşme, bir gün sonra oluşan vajinal plak kontrol edilerek doğrulandı (vajinal plak=gebeliğin birinci günü). Gebeliğin 9-12-15-17-19-21.günlerinde gebe farelerin yaşamları sonlandırıldı ve fetüslere ait beyinler çıkarılarak mRNA izole edildi ve cDNA haline çevrildi. mRNA ekspresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi Cyp19a1, Esr1 ve Pgr genlerine özgün primerler ile real time PCR yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmalarımızda; Esr1 ve Pgr mRNA ekspresyon düzeyleri 9. günde tepe noktaya ulaştı, 17-18. günlerde ise normal yetişkin düzeylerine döndü. Cyp19a1 mRNA ekspresyonu, Esr1 ve Pgr mRNA düzeylerindeki ciddi bir azalmayla beraber, 15-16. günde tepe noktaya ulaştı ve takriben doğumun olacağı dönemlerde normal erişkin seviyelerine indi. Sonuç: Fetal beyinde Cyp19a1 ekspresyonu gebeliğin 11-12. günü civarında başlar ve 15-16. günlerinde tepe noktasına ulaşır. Bunu takiben 19-20. günlerinde de normal yetişkin seviyelerine iner. Son zamanlarda rapor edilen çalışmalarda, Esr1 ve Pgr’nin fare beyninde Cyp19a1 mRNA ekspresyonunun düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığı belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar ışığında bizim bulgularımız, Esr1 ve Pgr’nin fetal fare beyninde aromataz ekspresyonun düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığını düşündürebilir.Purpose: Aromatase (Cyp19a1) is crucial for the sexually dimorphic development of the fetal brain, regulation of gonadotropin secretion and sexual interest in adults. Our goal is to determine the developmental mRNA expression patterns of aromatase, estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) and progesterone receptor (Pgr) in the fetal mouse brain at different times of gestation. Material and Methods: Female mice were mated with fertile males and checked for vaginal plug the next day to confirm successful mating (vaginal plug=day 1 of pregnancy). At gestational days 9-12-15-17-19-21 pregnant mice were sacrificed and fetal brains were removed and mRNAs were isolated and reverse transcribed into cDNAs. In order to evaluate mRNA expression levels, real time PCR was performed employing primers for Cyp19a1, Esr1 and Pgr genes. Results: In our studies, Esr1 and Pgr mRNA expression levels peaked at day 9 and returned to normal adult levels at around day 17-18. Cyp19a1 mRNA expression peaked at day 14-16 along with a drastic decrease in Esr1 and Pgr mRNA expression levels and then returned to normal adult levels around the time of delivery. Conclusion: Cyp19a1 expression in the fetal brain launches around gestational day 11-12 and peaks around gestational day 14-16 and fall back to normal adult levels at around gestational day 19-20. It has been recently reported that Esr1 and Pgr both mediate Cyp19a1 mRNA expression in the mouse brain. Together with these previous reports, our findings may imply that both Esr1 and Pgr possibly play a role in the developmental regulation of aromatase in the fetal mouse brain