Çocuklarda Cinsel Olgunlaşmanın Tekrarlı Sprint Yeteneğine Etkisi

Bu araştırma çocuklarda cinsel olgunlaşmanın tekrarlı sprint yeteneğine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya haftada iki gün basketbol antrenmanına katılan 30 ergenliğe girmiş Zafeiki grup arasında anlamlı fark belirlenmiş ve bu fark ergenliğe girmiş katılımcıların daha iyi toplam sprint zamanı değerlerinden kaynaklanmıştır. Performans düşüş yüzdesi değerlerinde 0-10m, 10-20m ve 0-20m mesafelerinde iki grup arasında anlamlı bir fark belirlenmemiştir (p>.05). Bu sonuçlar tekrarlı sprint yeteneğinin en iyi ve toplam sprint zamanı açısından cinsel olgunlaşmaya göre farklılaştığını, performans düşüş yüzdesinin başka bir deyişle yorgunluğun cinsel olgunlaşmadan etkilenmediğini göstermektedir. (ort. yaş: 12.5±1.3yıl) ve 28 ergenliğe girmemiş (ort. yaş: 9.7±1.2yıl) erkek çocuk gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların cinsel olgunlaşma düzeyi kişisel bilgi formuyla, tekrarlı sprint yeteneği ise 30 saniye dinlenme aralıklarıyla uygulanan 12x20m tekrarlı sprint testi ile belirlenmiştir. Tekrarlı 20m sprint testinde 0-10m, 10-20m ve 0-20m mesafeleri için en iyi sprint zamanı, toplam sprint zamanı ve performans düşüş yüzdesi değerleri belirlenmiştir. Bağımsız örneklerde t-testi sonuçları 0-10m (t=- 2.311;p=.025), 10-20m (t=-2.327; p=.024) ve 0-20m (t=-2.141; p=.037) en iyi sprint zamanı değerlerinde ergenliğe girmiş katılımcılar lehine istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde toplam sprint zamanı değerlerine bakıldığında 0-10m (t=-2.358;p=.022), 10-20m (t=-2.578; p=.013) ve 0-20m (t=-2.505; p=.015) mesafelerinde The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pubertal status on repeated sprint ability in children. Fifty-nine boys (28 pre-pubertal (mean boys. In contrast no significant differences was obtained in percentage of performance decrement for any distances between the two pubertal groups (p>.05). It is clear from the results that puberty has a profound effect on repeated sprint ability as post-pubertal boys have better best and total sprinting time. However puberty did not produce any differences in performance decrement indicating that pre-pubertal and post-pubertal boys in the present study were not different in rate of fatigue development age: 9.7±1.2 yrs) and 30 post-pubertal (mean age: 12.5±1.3 yrs)) who were involved in basketball twice a week participated in this study voluntarily. Pubertal status of the subjects was determined by a selfreport questionnaire and repeated sprint ability was determined by a 12×20m running repeated ability test with 30s intervals. After the repeated sprint ability tests subjects? best sprinting time, total sprinting time and the percentage of performance decrement was calculated for 0-10m, 10-20m and 0-20m. Results of the independent samples t-test indicated significant differences in best sprinting time for 0-10m (t=- 2.462, p=.017), 10-20m (t=-2.427, p=.018) and 0-20m (t=-2.270, p=.027) between pre-pubertal and postpubertal boys. In addition significant differences was observed in total sprinting time for 0-10m (t=-2.502, p=.015), 10-20m (t=-2.665, p=.010) and 0-20m (t=- 2.627, p=.011) between pre-pubertal and post-puberta

CYP2C19*1 and CYP2C19*2 Polymorphism in Turkish Patients Being Diagnosed with Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Using Clopidogrel

Objective:The CYP2C19*1 has an entirely normal activity allele whose clopidogrel metabolism is normal. CYP2C19*2 called as non-functional alleles. In this study, we aimed to establish the CYP2C19*1 and CYP2C19*2 genotype frequencies both in Turkish patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), who used clopidogrel, and in healthy Turkish population as well as to present the differences in genotypes and alleles between both groups.Method:One hundred healthy individuals and 200 patients diagnosed with CAD were included in the study. DNA was isolated and CYP2C19 gene was amplified through the polymerase chain reaction method in the genomic DNAs obtained, and the polymorphic foci in these regions were specified.Results:CYP2C19*1/1 genotype was identified in 132 patients (66%), CYP2C19*1/2 genotype in 62 patients (31%) and CYP2C19*2/2 genotype in 6 patients (3%) in the CAD group. In the control group, by contrast, 72 patients (72%) were identified with CYP2C19*1/1 genotype, 20 patients with CYP2C19*1/2 genotype and 8 patients with CYP2C19*2/2 genotype. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of genotypes (p=0.034).Conclusion:We found CYP2C19*1/2 and CYP2C19*2/2 genotype to be higher in the CAD patients than in the control group, highlighting the importance of checking CYP2C19 gene polymorphism prior to the initiation of antiplatelet therapy in CAD patients

Metastatik safra yolu kanseri olan yaşlı hastalarda optimal tedavi yaklaşımları ve prognostik faktörler

Introduction: There is a lack of evidence of the outcomes in elderly patients advanced stage biliary tract cancer due to the patients aged over 65 years are less than 25% in many prospective trials. We designed a retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the factors affecting treatment and survival in elderly patients with advanced-stage biliary tract cancer. Materials and methods: A total of 116 patients with advanced stage biliary tract cancer aged ≥65 years were included, and the treatment responses, survival, and toxicity rates were evaluated with respect to age groups Results: There was no significant difference between age and response to treatment, survival, or toxicity. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.3, and 11.8 months respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that ECOG PS (p<0.001 CI95% 1.5-3.7) and PNI (p<0.001 CI 95% 0.14-0.41) were significant independent prognostic factors for PFS. The independent prognostic factors for OS were choice of frontline regimen, NLR and PNI (p=0.007 CI 95% 0.71 – 0.94, p=0.006 CI 95% 1.2 – 3.1, p=0.001 CI 95% 0.35 – 0.91, respectively). Discussion: This study confirms the general prognostic relevance of inflammatory parameters and the importance of frontline treatment in elderly patients with advanced-stage biliary tract tumors. Additionally, getting older does not indicate that treatment will be avoided or that they will have a worse prognosis and suffer from more toxicities.Giriş: 65 yaş üzeri hastaların klinik çalışmaların %25’inden daha azını oluşturması nedeniyle biliyer sistem kanseri olan ileri yaş hastaların yönetimi konusunda kanıt eksiği bulunmaktadır. Bu amaçla, metastatik safra yolu kanseri tanılı yaşlı hastalarda tedaviyi ve sağkalımı etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmek için retrospektif çok merkezli bir çalışma tasarladık. Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya 65 yaş ve üzeri, ileri evre safra yolu kanseri tanısı almış, 116 hasta dahil edildi ve yaş gruplarına göre tedavi yanıtları, sağkalım ve toksisite oranları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Median yaşa göre gruplandırılıdğında; yaş ile tedaviye yanıt, sağkalım, toksisite arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı. Tüm populasyonda medyan progresyonsuz sağkalım (PSK) ve genel sağkalım (GSK) sırasıyla 5.3, 11.8 aydı. Multivariate analizde, PSK için bağımsız prognostik faktörler preformans durumu(ECOG PS) (p<0.001 CI95% 1.5-3.7) ve Prognostik nutrisyonel indek (PNI) (p<0.001 CI 95% 0.14-0.41) olarak bulundu. GSK için ise bağımsız prognostik faktörler, birinci sıra tedavi seçimi, Notrofil Lenfosit oranı (p=0,007 CI %95 0,71 – 0,94) ve PNI (p=0,001 CI %95 0,35 – 0,91) olarak bulundu. Tartışma: Metastatik safra yolu kanseri olan yaşlı hastalarda prognozu etkileyen temel faktöreler inflamatuar parametreler ve birinci basamakta seçilen kemoterapi rejimidir. İleri yaş ile sağkalım, toksiste profili ve tedavi toleransı farklılık göstermemektedir

Atrioventricular Septal Defects Repair: Comparison of Classic Single Patch and Double-Patch Techniques

Objective: Different patch techniques were virtually always used in the surgery of pediatric patients with complete atrioventricular septal defects. In this study, we described our single center, single surgeon experiences and results about the classic single patch and double patch techniques to repair complete atrioventricular septal defects. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 30 patients who underwent intracardiac repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect in Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery. The study was conducted between February 2019 to December 2021. Patients in group S underwent surgery using the traditional single-patch method, while group D included patients who underwent repair using the double patch approach (n = 10). Patients’ demographic and clinical information was taken from institutional databases and medical records. Postoperative complications were recorded. Results: When the preoperative/postoperative insufficiency levels of the valves were compared with the Wilcoxon Signed rank test, the findings were not statistically significant for the left atrioventricular valves, but were statistically significant for the right atrioventricular valves. (p=0.02) When we compared postoperative valve regurgitation of both techniques with the Kruskall-Wallis test, no significant difference was found between postoperative valve regurgitation and function, independent of preoperative findings. Conclusion: Both operation techniques did not make a difference between operative or late mortality and morbidity. Depending on the surgeon’s experience, ventricular septal defect size does not play a restrictive role in the selection of the technique to be used. The single-patch and double patch method as described here is methodical, comprehensible, repeatable, and reasonably long-lasting

Erken savaş sonrası dönemde Amerikan imgesinin tasviri: Türk süreli yayınlarında amerikanlaşma ve anti-amerikanlaşma (1946-1950)

This study aims to reveal how the image of America was depicted in the early post-war (1946-1950) Turkish periodicals in terms of ideological and cultural contexts. The mainstream Turkish press became a vital legitimation tool to convince the public about the Turkish-American relations in the developing Cold War circumstances. In this context, the depiction of the United States and the Soviet Union with certain political and cultural stereotypes played an essential role in forming the Cold War perception in public. While this led to Americanization in the language of the mainstream Turkish press, the Turkish-American relations also had social and cultural repercussions in the periodicals. Another phenomenon was that left-wing political humor effectively formed an alternative discourse to the Turkish press’ consensus on the Turkish-American relations. In this period, humor emerged as an effective means of opposition and anti-Americanization by criticizing the political power, Turkish-American relations, and the Americanization in the socio-cultural field.Bu çalışma, erken savaş sonrası dönemde (1946-1950) Türkiye’deki süreli yayınlarda Amerikan imgesinin ideolojik ve kültürel bağlamlarda nasıl tasvir edildiğini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Ana akım Türk basını, gelişen Soğuk Savaş koşullarında Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerinin seyri doğrultusunda halkı ikna etmek için önemli bir meşrulaştırma aracı olmuştur. Birleşik Devletler ve Sovyetler Birliği’nin politik ve kültürel bağlamda belli stereotiplerle temsil edilmeleri ise kamuoyundaki Soğuk Savaş algısının oluşmasında esas bir rol oynamıştır. Bu durum, ana akım basınının söyleminde politik olarak bir Amerikanlaşmaya neden olurken, gelişen Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerinin süreli yayınlarda sosyal ve kültürel yansımaları da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda bir diğer önemli olgu ise sol politik mizahın bu sürece karşıt bir alternatif söylem oluşturmasıdır. Bu dönemde, mizah; siyasi iktidarı, Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerini ve sosyo-kültürel alandaki Amerikanlaşmayı eleştirerek etkili bir muhalefet ve anti-Amerikanlaşma aracı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.M.A. - Master of Art

Effect of physical damage to corn before and after harvest and adding inoculated lactic acide bacteria silage fermentation of corn silage

Bu araştırma, hasat öncesi ve hasat sonrası laktik asit bakteri (LAB) inokulantlarının ilavesinin fiziksel zarar görmüş mısır silajlarında fermantasyon gelişimi ve aerobik stabiliteleri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışmada katkı maddesi olarak homofermantatif ve heterofermantatif laktik asit bakterilerini içeren 2 ticari inokulant kullanılmıştır. İnokulantlar silajlara 6.00 log10 cfu/g düzeyinde katılmıştır. Araştırma materyali hasat öncesi ve hasat sonrası olmak üzere kontrol, homofermantatif LAB ( hoLAB) ve heterofermantatif LAB (hetLAB) inokulant uygulaması içeren olmak üzere 3 deneme grubuna bölünmüştür. İnokulantların uygulanmasında firma önerileri dikkate alınmıştır. İnokulantlar hasattan 15, 7 ve 1 gün olmak üzere 3 farklı dönemde tarlada mısırlara el tipi pülverizatör yardımı ile atılmıştır. Hasat öncesi ve hasat sonrası gruplarını içeren uygulamalara ait muameleler CASCVP 260PD marka laboratuar tipi paket silaj makinası ile paketlenmiştir. Her muameleye ait 3?er paket silajın kullanıldığı çalışmada, silajların paketlenmesinden sonra materyaller laboratuvar koşullarında (20-22 oC) depolanmıştır. Fermantasyonun 2., 5., 14., 21. ve 45. günlerinde açılan ve örnekler üzerinden pH, kuru madde, ham protein, NH3-N, suda çözünebilir karbonhidratlar, laktik asit analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Laktik asit bakterileri, maya ve küf sayımları için mikrobiyolojik analizlerin yapıldığı çalışmada, aerobik stabiliteye ilişkin özellikler ana fermantasyon dönemi sonrası 14 günlük dönemde izlenmiştir. Hasattan 15 gün önce inokulant ilavesinin açım sonrası silajların aerobik dayanıklılığı üzerine pH, maya ve küf sayıları kontrol, hoLAB ve hetLAB sırasıyla 3,51±0,05, 4,59±0,32, 5,15±0,23; 4,61±0,20, 0,00±0,00, 0,00±0,00; 9,97±0,23, 6,15±0,15, 5,97±0,02 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar incelendiğinde hasattan 15 gün önce hoLAB uygulamasının istatistiki açıdan önemli olduğu saptanmıştır Hasattan 15 gün önce hoLAB uygulamasının yapılması önerilebilir.In this research, pre-harvest and post-harvest lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in physicaly damage corn silage inoculants the addition was designed to determine the effects on the development of fermentation and aerobic stability. Two commercial inoculant was used containing homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and heterofermantatif as additives in the study. Silage inoculants to 6.00 log10cfu / g levels participated in. Research material controls, including pre-harvest and post-harvest, homofermentative LAB ( ho LAB) and heterofermantatif LAB ( hetLAB) is divided into three experimental groups, including containing inoculant application. Inoculants are taken into account in the implementation of the company recommendations. Inoculants to harvest 15, 7 and 1 day eateries, including 3 of the hand-held sprayer to help corn in a field in different periods. Treatment on the application that includes pre-harvest and post-harvest laboratory groups CASCVP 260PD brand type package is bundled with the foragers. Each treatment pack of three study silage to be used, after packaging of silage material in laboratory conditions (20-22 ° C) are stored. Fermentation 2, 5, 14, 21 and the pH drop over 45 days and samples of dry matter, crude protein, NH3-N, soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid analyzes were performed. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast and mold counts for microbiological analysis of work to do, aerobic stability properties for the period after the main fermentation was observed in 14-day period. Before harvest 15 days inoculants added on aerobic stability of silage pH, yeast and mold counts, and ho LAB hetLAB respectively from 3.51±0.05, 4.59±0.32, 5.15±0.23; 4.61±0.20, 0.00±0.00, 0.00±0.00; 9.97±0.23, 6.15±0.15 was found to be 5.97±0.02. These results were found to be statistically significant of 15 days before the harvest is research hoLAB application. 15 days before harvest hoLAB suggested making the application

Cost Analysis of Emergency Department Visits by Geriatric Patients Living in Nursing Homes

Objective: To determine the cost analysis of emergency department (ED) visits by geriatric patients living in nursing homes.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Methodology: Medical records of geriatric patients living in nursing homes who were admitted to the emergency department of the Hospital, between 2011 and 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Number of visits, reason, and cost of treatment was determined.Results: In total 63 patients (21 females [33.3%], 42 males [66.6%]) with mean age of 76.3 +/- 8.16 years were included. The total number of emergency department visits by those 63 patients was 243. Twenty-three (9.5%) of the total emergency department visits were due to trauma. Six patients (9.5%) were admitted to the emergency department with cardiopulmonary arrest. The mean cost of each patient was $358.30 (53.90 - 1734.10), the maximum cost was$10,095.10, and the minimum cost was $7.42.Conclusion: Emergency department visits and hospitalisation are common among elderly patients living in nursing homes. However, emergency department visits by this frail population put a heavy burden on the economy. Essential measures should be taken to reduce the financial burden of emergency department visits and hospitalisation of this geriatric population.C1 [Seyit, Murat; Yilmaz, Atakan; Ozen, Mert] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Med Sch, Denizli, Turkey.[Seyit, Duygu Aras] Dumlupinar Univ, Evliya Celebi Res & Training Hosp, Dept Neurol, Kutahya, Turkey

CIT-daily: a combinatorial interaction testing-based daily build process

In this work, we introduce an approach, called CIT-daily, which integrates combinatorial interaction testing (CIT) with the daily build processes to systematically test the interactions between the factors/parameters affecting the system's behaviors, on a daily basis. We also develop a number of CIT-daily strategies and empirically evaluate them on highly-configurable systems. The first strategy tests the same t-way covering array every day throughout the process, achieving a t-way coverage on a daily basis by covering each possible combination of option settings for every combination of t options. The other strategies, on the other hand, while guaranteeing a t-way coverage on a daily basis, aim to cover higher order interactions between the configuration options over time by varying the t-way covering arrays tested. In the experiments, we observed that the proposed approach significantly improved the effectiveness (i.e., fault revealing abilities) of the daily build processes; randomizing the coverage of higher order interactions between the configuration options while guaranteeing a base t-way coverage every day, further improved the effectiveness; and the more the higher order interactions covered during the process, the higher the fault revealing abilities tended to be