Liquid phase diffusion growth of SiGe single crystals under magnetic fields

The manuscript presents the results of a combined experimental and modeling study on the Liquid Phase Diffusion (LPD) growth of single crystal SixGe1-x on Germanium with and with the application of magnetic fields. Although the LPD process is mainly diffusion driven through out the growth period, strong natural thermosolutal convection occurs in the first five hours of growth, and the growth interface is concave to the melt. Applied rotating and static magnetic fields were considered to examine the growth and silicon dissolution processes in the LPD system. Results show that the application of a combined applied magnetic is beneficial

Optical properties of SiGe single crystals grown by liquid phase diffusion

In this article, we present measurements for the pseudo-optical functions of germanium-rich SixGe1-x (0.000<x<0.100) single-crystals(grown by Liquid Phase Diffusion; LPD) using spectroscopic ellipsometry and photo reflectance techniques in the energy range of 1.72–3.20 eV. The E1 interband transition energies are obtained from numerically differentiated optical spectra for various crystal compositions. It was shown that the values of E1 interband transition energy determined by both the ellipsometric and photo reflectance measurements for germanium-rich SixGe1-x single-crystals are in agreement with those of bulk SiGe crystals reported in the literature[21–24].The interband transition energies are found to be in the range of 2.100 and 2.215 eV for the composition values of 0.000<x0.100. The surface morphology of the crystals assayed via atomic force microscopy shows fibrous surfaces with the average grain size of 250 nm. The measured root-mean-square (rms) roughness and maximum height are in the range of 3.78–5.40 and 32.42–67.84 nm, respectively, with increasing germanium composition

Effect of adenomyosis on prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to contrast the prognoses of patients with endometrial cancer who had adenomyosis against those that did not. METHODS: All patients who had received surgical staging for hysterectomy-based endometrial cancer had their medical data retrospectively examined. The analysis covered 397 patients, who were split into two groups depending on the presence of adenomyosis. Comparisons were made between patients covering type of surgery, histopathology, endometrial cancer stage, lymphovascular space invasion, presence of biochemical or histochemical markers, adjuvant therapy, presence of adenomyosis in the myometrial wall, and outcomes in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival or overall survival rates between endometrial cancer patients with and without adenomyosis. This is based on comparisons of tumor stage, tumor diameter, histological type and grade of tumor, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and biochemical markers that affect the course of the disease. The median follow-up times were 61 months for the adenomyosis-positive group and 56 months for the group without adenomyosis. CONCLUSION: Coexisting adenomyosis in endometrial cancer has no bearing on survival rates and is not a prognostic factor

Scheduling surgery after transarterial embolization: does timing make any difference to intraoperative blood loss for renal cell carcinoma bone metastases?

PURPOSEOur purpose is to clarify the optimal timing of surgery after transarterial embolization (TAE) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) bone metastases.METHODSThis retrospective study included 41 patients with RCC bone metastases embolized between 2013 and 2019. Different-sized particulate and/or liquid embolic agents were used for TAE. Embolizations were categorized into groups 1–3 according to the interval between TAE and surgery (group 1: 3 days). Degree of embolization after TAE was graded visually based on angiographic images (90%). The relationship between the TAE–surgery interval and intraoperative blood loss (IBL) and the correlation between IBL and embolization grade were examined. Lesion sizes and the relationships among lesion localizations and contrast media usage, intervention time, and IBL were also analyzed.RESULTSForty-six pre-operative TAEs (single lesion at each session) were performed in this study (26 in group 1, 13 in group 2, 7 in group 3). Lesion sizes and distributions were similar between groups (p = 0.897); >75% devascularization was achieved in 40 (TAEs 86.96%), but the IBL showed no correlation with the embolization rate (r=0.032, p = 0.831). The TAE–surgery interval was 1–7 days. The median IBL in group 1 (750 mL; range, 150–3000 mL) was significantly lower than those in the other groups (p = 0.002). Contrast media usage (p = 0.482) and intervention times (p = 0.261) were similar for metastases at different localizations. IBL values after TAE were lower for extremity metastases (p = 0.003).CONCLUSIONBone metastases of RCC are well-vascularized, and to achieve lowest IBL values, surgery should preferably be performed <1 day after TAE

Strength of selection pressure is an important parameter contributing to the complexity of antibiotic resistance evolution

Revealing the genetic changes responsible for antibiotic resistance can be critical for developing novel antibiotic therapies. However, systematic studies correlating genotype to phenotype in the context of antibiotic resistance have been missing. In order to fill in this gap, we evolved 88 isogenic Escherichia coli populations against 22 antibiotics for 3 weeks. For every drug, two populations were evolved under strong selection and two populations were evolved under mild selection. By quantifying evolved populations' resistances against all 22 drugs, we constructed two separate cross-resistance networks for strongly and mildly selected populations. Subsequently, we sequenced representative colonies isolated from evolved populations for revealing the genetic basis for novel phenotypes. Bacterial populations that evolved resistance against antibiotics under strong selection acquired high levels of cross-resistance against several antibiotics, whereas other bacterial populations evolved under milder selection acquired relatively weaker cross-resistance. In addition, we found that strongly selected strains against aminoglycosides became more susceptible to five other drug classes compared with their wild-type ancestor as a result of a point mutation on TrkH, an ion transporter protein. Our findings suggest that selection strength is an important parameter contributing to the complexity of antibiotic resistance problem and use of high doses of antibiotics to clear infections has the potential to promote increase of cross-resistance in clinics

Design and construction of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation based on dsPIC microcontroller

Günümüzde hızla gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak tıp bilimi alanında hastalıkların teşhis ve tedavisinde yeni teknik ve yöntemler denenmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, beyin fonksiyonlarının araştırılmasında ve beyinde oluşan hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılabilecek cerrahi müdahale gerektirmeyen ve acısız bir yöntem olan dsPIC mikrodenetleyici tabanlı tekrarlanan transkraniyal manyetik uyarım (rTMS) cihazının tasarımı ve yapımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. dsPIC mikrodenetleyici kullanılmasının nedeni sistem fonksiyonlarının yazılım yolu ile etkin bir şekilde kontrol edilmesidir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak uyarım devresi için anahtarlama sinyali üreten dsPIC kontrol kartının tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra uyarım devresi ve uyarım bobinin tasarımı ve yapımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen sistem 1 KV DC gerilim ile çalışabilecek ve 1-10 Hz' lik aralıklar ile rTMS sinyalleri üretebilecek şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen rTMS sistemi 250 V DC gerilim ile test edilmiştir ve başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır.Today, new techniques and methods are tested for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the field of medical sciences depending on the rapidly developing technology. In this thesis, dsPIC microcontroller-based repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation device's design and construction was performed. This device could be used to investigate brain function and to determine the brain diseases. It is not require surgical intervention and it uses the painless method. The reason for using the dsPIC microcontroller is to control the system functions with software. In the circuit design, dsPIC control card, which generates switching signals for the stimulating circuit, was designed firstly.After that the design and construction of stimulating circuit and coil were performed. This system could be worked with 1 KV DC voltage and it produces 1-10 Hz stimulating signals. The constructed system was tested with 250 V DC voltage and the successful results were obtained.NUL

Design and construction of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation based on dsPIC microcontroller

Günümüzde hızla gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak tıp bilimi alanında hastalıkların teşhis ve tedavisinde yeni teknik ve yöntemler denenmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, beyin fonksiyonlarının araştırılmasında ve beyinde oluşan hastalıkların tedavisinde kullaToday, new techniques and methods are tested for diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the field of medical sciences depending on the rapidly developing technology. In this thesis, dsPIC microcontroller-based repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulatio

Substitution Effect and Suppression Effect, and the Relationship between These Effects and Willingness to Unionize

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işçilerin sendikalaşma eğilimlerinin ve ikame etkisi ve baskı etkisine yönelik algılarının düzeyini belirlemek ve bu etkilerle sendikalaşma eğilimi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla 215 işçiye anket uygulanmıştır. Bahsi geçen düzeyleri belirlemek için tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden, bahsi geçen ilişkiyi tespit etmek için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda, işçilerin üzerinde çok yüksek düzeyde baskı etkisi olduğu ve çok düşük düzeyde ikame etkisi bulunduğu ve işçilerin sendikalaşma eğiliminin hayli yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiş ve sendikalaşma eğiliminin, baskı etkisi tarafından anlamlı bir şekilde açıklanmakta olduğu görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to explore the levels of workers' willingness to unionize, their perceptions about substitution effect and suppression effect, and the relationship between the willingness and the effects. To do so, a survey was conducted among 215 workers. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mentioned levels, and multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to reveal the mentioned relationship. At the end of the research, we discover that there is a high level of suppression effect and a low level of substitution effect among workers and a stronger tendency on willingness to unionize, and the willingness is robustly predicted by suppression effect