Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

Wegener granulomatosis accompanying rheumatoid arthritis: A case report

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease that can lead to systemic involvement especially related to significant joint pain and disability. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. TNF also has effects on the formation of granuloma and the defensive mechanisms against the intracellular injuries. While a case with RA has been evaluated before the TNF alpha antagonist treatment, the presence of respiratory symptoms and bilateral cavitary lung lesions led to further investigations and was diagnosed as accompanying Wegener granulomatosis. The effect of that coincidence on treatment decision was aimed at discussing a case report as being a rare condition

The separation individuation process in the adolescents who have substance use disorder [Madde kullanim bozuklugu olan ergenlerde ayrilma bireyleşme süreci]

Purpose: Many factors are responsible in the etiology of Substance Use Disorders [SUD]. The unhealthy process of separation individuation may cause to SUD. The separation individuation process should be evaluated in psychodynamic evaluation of adolescents who have SUD. In this study we aimed to evaluate the separation individuation process of cases with SUD. Method: Adolescents with SUD between ages of 14-18 [n:52] and controls [n:57] were included in this study. The control group was selected of healthy adolescents who were similar with study cases in some socioeconomic characteristics like age, sex and socioeconomic status. The study group was evaluated based on individual data form, addiction interview form, the separation individuation test of adolescents [SITA]. The SPSS 13.0 packet program was used for statistical evaluations. P<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Findings: By evaluations with SITA the adolescents with SUD had higher scores on engulfment anxiety, need denial, rejection expectancy subscales than adolescents without SUD [p=0.002, 0.000, 0.000 respectively]. Adolescents without SUD had higher scores on healthy separation and teacher enmeshment subscales [p=0.002, 0.002, respectively]. Cases which have had SUD history in their families had higher scores on separation anxiety subscale than cases without SUD history in their families [p=0.036]. Cases without any SUD history in their family had higher scores on practicing-mirroring subscale than cases with SUD history in their families [p=0.025]. Discussion and Conclusion: Separation individuation process has some differences in adolescents with SUD. Substance use causes some confusions or negative formations in this process. Adolescents with SUD have problems in different dimensions of separation individuation process in respect of risk factors. The effect of these dimensions on the disorder's prognosis is a new research topic

Y-chromosome polymorphisms in 12 native, Karagül, Karacabey merino breeds from Turkey and Anatolian mouflon (Ovis gmelinii anatolica) [Türkiye’den 12 yerli, karagül, karacabey merinosu ve anadolu yaban koyununda (Ovis gmelinii anatolica) Y-Kromozom polimorfizmleri]

In this study, 182 male animals from 12 native sheep breeds, as well as Karacabey Merino and Karagül breeds of Anatolia, wild sheep Anatolian Mouflon (Ovis gmelinii anatolica) were used as the study material. Based on SRY and SRYM18 regions on the Y-chromosome, haplotypes of the populations were analyzed using DNA sequence analyses. The SRY region, A-oY1 allele was observed in all of the individuals studied. On the other hand, four different alleles corresponding to four Y-chromosome haplotypes were detected at the SRYM18 microsatellite region. Among native Anatolian breeds (n=143), H6 haplotype (80.41%), H4 haplotype (9.09%), H8 haplotype (8.40%) and H12 haplotype (2.1%) were identified. H6 haplotype was observed in all 16 individuals of Ovis gmelinii anatolica. Pairwise FST values based on haplotype frequencies were calculated for domestic sheep, and the highest FST value was observed between Karagül and Kıvırcık along with Karagül and Ovis gmelinii anatolica with pairwise FST value of 0.43202 (P&lt;0.01). Y chromosome polymorphism of sheep from Turkey were examined comparatively with the accumulated data in the literature. Out of seven haplotypes (H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H12, H19) observed in Europe and Asia, 4 haplotypes (H4, H6, H8 and H12) were observed in Anatolia. H12 was a private haplotype of Sakız, H6 seems to be the predominant haplotype of domestic sheep (79.51%) as well as being the only haplotype observed in Ovis gmelini anatolica. H4 haplotype seemed to be associated with fat tailed sheep migrating to Turkey, entering from south east of Turkey, which may be related with the arrival of nomadic Turks. © 2018, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. All rights reserved.BAP-01-08-2012-014 1176 BAP-01-08-2012-014[1] The present study was supported by both Harran University [project number: 1176] and Middle East Technical University [project number: BAP-01-08-2012-014] -- The present study was supported by both Harran University Scientific Research Committee with the project number 1176 and Middle East Technical University project number BAP-01-08-2012-014. -

Cannabis, medical use and related policies reflections on society [Kannabis, tibbi kullanimi ve ilişkili politikalarin topluma yansimalari]

2-s2.0-85086270423Cannabis is one of the important food and textile resources that has been used since 4000 BC. The fact that it was used as a medicine by the Chinese caused it to be included in the oldest pharmacopoeia in the world. However, in the 20th century, marijuana production from cannabis was a turning point in cannabis history, and then led to the limitation of cultivation areas and use. Today, cannabis is the most popular illicit drug worldwide. Regular use of cannabis is associated with impaired functioning, decreased academic performance, amotivation, addiction and, psychiatric disorders like psychosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. On the other hand, recent research proposed promising therapeutic potential of cannabis-based drugs for a wide range of medical conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings have led to the legalization of medical use of cannabis in certain states of the United States and in certain European countries. In this review, cannabis use, the historical process of cannabis use, medical use of cannabis, possible consequences of medical use of cannabis and the reflections of cannabis-related policy changes on society will be discussed. © 2020 ANP Publishing. All rights reserved

Structural connectivity in adolescent synthetic cannabinoid users with and without ADHD

Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) have become increasingly popular in the last few years, especially among adolescents. Given ADHD is overrepresented in patients with substance use across adolescents compared to the general population, the current study aims were two-fold: i) examine structural brain network topology in SC users compared to healthy controls and, ii) examine the influence of ADHD on network topology in SC users. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 27 SC users (14 without ADHD and 13 with ADHD combined type) and 13 controls. Structural networks were examined using network-based statistic and connectomic analysis. We found that SC users without ADHD had significantly weaker connectivity compared to controls in bilateral hemispheres, most notably in edges connecting the left parietal and occipital regions. In contrast, SC users with ADHD showed stronger structural connectivity compared to controls. In addition, adolescent SC users with ADHD, but not without ADHD, displayed reduced network organization, indicated by lower clustering coefficient and modularity, suggesting that poor structural network segregation and preserved structural network integration. These results suggest that comorbidity of ADHD and substance dependence may show different structural connectivity alterations than substance use alone. Therefore, future connectivity studies in the substance use population should account for the presence of ADHD in their samples, which may be associated with disparate connectivity profiles. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Sheep was among the first domesticated animals, but its demographic history is little understood. Here we present combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear polymorphism data from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating to the Late Glacial and early Holocene. We observe loss of mitochondrial haplotype diversity around 7500 BCE during the early Neolithic, consistent with a domestication-related bottleneck. Post-7000 BCE, mitochondrial haplogroup diversity increases, compatible with admixture from other domestication centres and/or from wild populations. Analysing archaeogenomic data, we further find that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds, and especially those from central and north Europe. Our results indicate that Asian contribution to south European breeds in the post-Neolithic era, possibly during the Bronze Age, may explain this pattern