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A new wideband electronically tunable grounded resistor employing only three MOS transistors

In this paper, a new wideband electronically tunable grounded resistor, namely a grounded voltage controlled resistor (GVCR) including only three MOS transistors, is suggested. The proposed GVCR, without requiring any additional bias currents and voltages, has only one control voltage. Linearity analysis for the proposed GVCR is given. A new second-order multifunctional filter using two differential voltage current conveyors is also included as an application example. Some postlayout simulation results with SPICE are included to show the performance, workability, and effectiveness. © 2016 Tübitak

The morphometric measurement of the brain stem in Turkish healthy subjects according to age and sex

Background: This paper determined the morphometric measurements of the brainstem including mesencephalon, pons and medulla using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Turkish healthy population. Materials and methods: Two hundred sixty-three (263; 158 females and 105 males) subjects aged from 18 to 65 years were included in this study. The measurements were taken from subjects having brain MRI in the Radiology Department. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 21.00 package programme. ANOVA test and χ2 test were used to determine the relation between measurements and age and sex groups. The p < 0.05 value was considered as significant. Results: The overall means and standard deviations of the measurements were: pons anteroposterior diameter, 15.41 ± 1.27 mm; pons vertical diameter, 22.02 ± 2.07 mm; mesencephalon anteroposterior diameter 9.39 ± 1.00 mm; mesencephalon vertical diameter, 15.20 ± 1.53 mm; distance between the interpeduncular fissure and aqueduct, 11.72 ± 1.58 mm; distance from cerebral peduncles to aqueduct, 13.64 ± 1.66 mm; anterior surface of the pons midway between the mesencephalon and medulla to the fourth ventricular floor, 21.62 ± 1.64 mm; the shortest anteroposterior diameter of the medulla at the pontomedullary junction, 13.46 ± 1.28 mm, and the shortest anteroposterior diameter of the medulla at the medullospinal junction, 10.24 ± 1.43 mm in females, respectively, whereas the corresponding values were 15.58 ± 1.53 mm; 22.64 ± 2.35 mm; 9.37 ± 1.66 mm; 15.64 ± 1.52 mm; 11.14 ± 1.31 mm; 13.01 ± 1.30 mm; 21.97 ± 1.65 mm;13.47 ± 1.19 mm; 9.91 ± 1.35 mm in males, respectively. There were significant differences in some parameters such as pons vertical diameter, mesencephalon vertical diameter, distance between the interpeduncular fissure and aqueduct, and distance between cerebral peduncles to aqueduct between sexes. Conclusions: The brainstem dimensions of healthy population provide important and useful knowledge in terms of comparison of abnormalities clinically. These data may be valuable for the representatives of clinical disciplines

The determination of the pituitary gland, optic chiasm, and intercavernous distance measurements in healthy subjects according to age and gender

Background: This paper was undertaken to determine the morphometry of pituitary gland diameter, pituitary gland height, intercavernous distance, optic chiasm diameter and optic chiasm height in skulls of Turkish population aged between 18 and 60 years. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study in which 292 subjects were included 187 females and 105 males, ranging from 18 up to 60 years. Subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging in the Radiology Department. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 21.00 programme. ANOVA test, χ2 test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine the relation and significance between measurements and age group. The p < 0.05 value was considered as significant. Results: The groups were divided into five groups according to age. The overall means and standard deviations of the measurements were: pituitary gland width, 13.09 ± 1.99 mm; pituitary gland height, 4.91 ± 1.10 mm; intercavernous distance, 15.93 ± 3.05 mm; optic chiasm width, 12.82 ± 1.27 mm; and optic chiasm height, 2.80 ± 0.49 mm in females, respectively whereas, the same measurements were 12.96 ± 1.74 mm; 4.79 ± 0.95 mm; 16.08 ± 3.11 mm; 13.13 ± 1.37 mm; 2.86 ± 0.70 mm in males, respectively. Height of the pituitary gland reached a maximum in the age group of 18 to 20 years in both females and males and there was a decrease in the pituitary gland height in the subsequent age groups. Conclusions: Knowledge of the variation in the size of pituitary gland, intercavernous distance and optic chiasm is important to evaluate the dimensions of these structures for clinical and pathological processes

Sporda Kardiovasküler Sebepli Ani Ölümler,

Sporda ani ölümler daha çok kardiovasküler sistem kaynaklıdır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, spor ve egzersize bağlı ani ölümlerin, egzersizden sonra ki 30 saniye ile 6 saatlik süre içinde ortaya çıktığını belirtmektedir. Bir sporcuda ani kardiyak ölüm, travma olmadan, normal sağlık durumu öncesinde 6 saat içinde oluşmakta ve beklenmedik ani kalp durması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Adli tıpa göre birkaç dakikadan bir kaç saate kadar süren bir zaman zarfında meydana gelen ve genellikle başkaları tarafından görülen ölümlere “ani ölümler” denmiştir. Ancak ani ölümün tanımı konusunda bir görüş birliği bulunmamaktadır. Ani ölüm, gençlerde çoğunlukla kalp ve damar sistemindeki doğumsal anormalliklere bağlıyken, yaşlı grupta ağırlığı koroner arter hastalığına bağlıdır. Çalışmada, sporda meydana gelen kardiyovasküler sebepli ani ölümler ve bunlara yol açan etkenlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmış ve bu tür ölümlerin önlenmesine dair bazı öneriler sunulmuştur

The Analysis of Collective Efficacy Perceptions of Athletes Playing in Table Tennis Leagues In Turkey in Terms of Some Variables,

In team sports, trust and the belief in being successful (collective efficacy) among the athletes of team sports can be effective on performance. In the meantime, analyses of the factors that can be an effective factor on perceptions of collective efficacy become more of an issue in terms of bringing a different perspective to the subject. Therefore, the purpose here is to research the level of collective efficacy of athletes playing in table tennis leagues in Turkey and the reasons affecting it. Target population of the study is composed of 597 players playing in table tennis leagues of Turkey; its sample constitutes randomly selected 224 table tennis players. A two-part questionnaire containing questions related to the demographic features and collective conscious levels was applied to the participants. The questionnaire used in the study was previously used in another study and its reliability was provided. Data of the questionnaire obtained from the participants were analyzed with PASW Statistic 18 package program. Following the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was found as 0.90. As directed to the purpose of the study, Pearson correlation coefficient was used in analysis of data and Kruskal Wallis test was applied in comparisons with three or more groups. Moreover, Chi-Square test was used for independence research. Regression analyses were carried out with the purpose of determining to what extent the variables affect each other. In line with the researches conducted and data obtained, significant relations (<0.05) were found between the participants’ age, period of being registered athletics, duration of playing in the same team and their collective efficacy perceptions. The more these variables increase, the more the belief in the team and skills of team players increase in a positive way. In summary, it was concluded that the variables of age,sex, period of being registered athletics, duration of playing in the same team and total number of athletes are the factors that are effective on collective efficacy perception and it was found that 82% of the participants are of the opinion that their teams have the capacity to show good performance

Financial dimension of sports injuries,

A variety of sports injuries, which are unique to every branch of sports, can occur. Type of injury may vary depending on the branch of sports and the severity of the incidence. Wearing protective equipment minimizes the sports injuries. Injuries can also be prevented by avoiding practicing mistakes. Cost of medical treatment in sports injuries as well as lost working days could be regarded as an indicator of financial dimension of sports injuries. In this study, the importance of sports injuries, cost of these injuries, and financial dimension of sports injuries in terms of athletes will be tackled

Factors Affecting The Perceived Hospital Quality,

Quality perception, which is related to a number of factors and variables, has come to the fore both because of the features of health services and because of the hospital quality rating practices of the Ministry of Health in Turkey. Although there are national and international studies to assess the perceived quality, with the thought that countryspecific studies are not enough, this study has been thought necessary in order to learn the main factors which affect public's hospital quality perception in Turkey due to the facts that culture is an important determinant on quality perception and the results of the year-to-date studies are different from each other. In Turkey's 3 biggest cities, 2500 people have been asked 28 questions with demographical and descriptive features in the questionaire in order to define hospital quality and these questions have been perceived in 4 dimensions. Non-parametric and parametric statistical tests have been applied on the data gathered. In the scope of analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, ANOVA analysis, and Regression analyses have been used. According to the results of this study, the idea of a high quality hospital changes according to age, income, education and the city; the tendency to the idea of a well managed hospital changes according to gender, income, education, and the city and the idea of low-quality changes according to age, gender, income, education and the city. Whereas education is the most effective variable in high-quality hospital aspect, gender is the most effective variable on low-quality hospital. In this study, it has been determined that hospital quality perception changes according to the demographical features as age, income, education and the city resided. This study has been reinforced with the fact that there has been a significant difference in terms of age groups and level of education in Devebakan and Aksaraylı's study in a private hospital with SERVQUAL scale. We are made to think that these researches has to be carried out more owing to the fact that there has been similar and different results with different scales in different organizations

Classification System in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis,

Scoliosis is defined as the lateral spinal curvature with a 10° Cobb angle or above. Idiopathic scoliosis accounts for nearly 80% of the structural coronal deformities. According to the age groups, it is classified as infantile (the ages between 0-3), juvenile (ages between 4-9), adolescence (the age of 10 – until maturity). King classification and Lenke classification are the mostly widely used classifications in idiopathic scoliosis classification systems. Although the classification system presented by Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) is simple and easy to understand, Lenke system is considered more advantageous for practical use. Lenke classification is the most widely used and accepted classification system

Genç hastalarda osteoartrit ve aynı seansta lokal anestezili diz eklemi lavajı ile hyalüronik asit enjeksiyonu uygulama sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi,

Osteoartrit (OA) kıkırdak dejenerasyonudur ve yaşamı olumsuz etkiler. Daha çok yaşlılarda görülen bu önemli sağlık sorununun gençlerde görülme sebepleri cinsiyet, ırk, kalıtım, obezite, travma, mekanik etkenler, kas güçsüzlüğü, östrojenin azalması ve beslenme yetersizliği olarak sayılabilir. Osteoartritte eklemin durumunu değerlendirmek için direkt grafiler kullanılır. Bu çalışmada; osteoartrite genel bakış ve 164 radiografik kellgren sınıflamasına göre stage 2 ve 3 olan hastalarda, aynı seansta lokal anesteziyle uygulanan diz eklemi lavajı ile hyalüronik asit enjeksiyonu sonrası 1 yıllık takibe göre; sadece eklem lavajı veya eklem içi hyalüronik asid uygulamalarına göre çok daha iyi sonuç veren 2 metodun beraber uygulanma sonuçları sunulmuştur