Efficacy and Affecting Factors of 131I Thyroid Remnant Ablation After Surgical Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Purpose: Radioiodine (131I) thyroid remnant ablation is an important treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and various factors affecting its efficacy have been reported but not well defined. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and the affecting factors of 131I ablation after total or near-total thyroidectomy in a relative large DTC cohort.Methods: 261 DTC patients with negative thyroglobulin antibody received 100–200 mCi 131I for thyroid remnant ablation after total or near-total thyroidectomy between January 2012 and October 2015 in our hospital. The efficacy and affecting factors of 131I ablation therapy were retrospectively investigated.Results: The success rate of the first 131I thyroid remnant ablation was 65.90%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that larger tumor size, higher level of pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg), intermediate to high risk stratification for recurrence, and lymph node and distant metastases were associated with a lower success rate of the first 131I ablation (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size, pre-ablation sTg, and lymph node and distant metastases were independent factors affecting the efficacy of the first 131I ablation. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for sTg, sTg/TSH ratio, and tumor size to predict unsuccessful ablation were 0.831, 0.824, and 0.648, respectively. The threshold values were 4.595 ng/ml, 0.046 mg/IU, and 1.350 cm, respectively. The sensitivities were 95.51, 96.63, and 73.03% and the specificities were 64.54, 61.63, and 49.41%, respectively. The excellent response (ER) ratio of the successful group was significantly higher than that of the unsuccessful group.Conclusions: The efficacy of the first 131I thyroid remnant ablation after surgical treatment of DTC is well demonstrated, and tumor size, pre-ablation sTg, lymph node, and distant metastases are independent factors affecting its efficacy

Analysis Efficiency Marketing System of Fresh Layang Fish (Decapterus Russeli) on Pelabuhan Fish Auction Place in Tegal City

Marketing is an important aspect in running fishing business because it is an economic activity that influences the fluctuation of fishermen\u27s income. The production can be useless if the price is low, thus, marketing has to be good and efficient. This research is about the efficiency of the marketing system of fresh fish layang (Decapterus russeli) in the fish auction place. Specifically, this research is to know : 1) the marketing system of fresh fish layang in Tegal City. 2) the marketing margin of fresh fish layang in Tegal City. 3) the distribution flow of fresh fish layang in Tegal City. 4) the reason fishermen sell their products in the Fish Auction Place. The method use in this research is descriptive analysis method, The registration data and literature study. Based on the analysis, it is known that the marketing system of fresh in the Fish Auction Place, seen from the marketing cost calculation, purchasing price, selling price and profit is < 1, which means efficient. And if seen from the marketing margin, the most efficient flow is channel 4 (the 4th channel). Meanwhile, the reason why fishermen sell their Fish Auction Place is because of the guarantee that their product will be sold. Fish is a product that is easily broken and rotten. Therefore, the guarantee that the product will be sold, can minimize loss risk for fisherman

Long-term prognostic analysis of children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma based on therapeutic response to initial radioiodine therapy

BackgroundThe clinical features and prognosis of children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (caDTC) are different from that of adults. Postoperative radioiodine therapy (RIT) was recommended for some intermediate and high risk caDTC patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognosis of pediatric caDTC patients with different responses to initial RIT and to explore the related influencing factors.MethodsAll subjects were assigned to no clinical evidence of disease (NED) group, biochemical persistent disease (BPD) group, or structural/functional persistent disease (S/FPD) group based on the therapeutic response to initial RIT. Then, disease status was evaluated in all three groups at the last follow-up using ATA guidelines. Meanwhile, disease-free survival (DFS) for NED group and the progression-free survival (PFS) for the BPD and S/FPD groups were also assessed.Results117 subjects were divided into NED group (n=29), BPD group (n=48) and S/FPD group (n=34) after initial RIT. At the last follow-up, excellent response (ER), indeterminate response (IDR), biochemically incomplete response (BIR) and structurally incomplete response (SIR) rates were 93.10%, 6.90%, 0% and 0% in NED group; 29.17%, 25.00%, 43.75% and 2.08% in BPD group; and 11.77%, 2.94%, 0%, and 85.29% in S/FPD group. The 5-year DFS rate in NED group was 95.5%. The 5-year PFS rates in BPD and S/FPD groups were 79.2% and 48.6%, respectively. For children with structural or functional lesions, longer PFS were found in male children with 131I-avid lesions, and post-operative stimulated serum thyroglobulin (sti-Tg) &lt; 149.80 ng/ml.ConclusionThe response to initial RIT could be helpful for defining subsequent treatment and follow-up strategies for caDTC patients. Post-operative sti-Tg and 131I-avidity of lesions are correlated with PFS

Stimulated thyroglobulin and pre-ablation antithyroglobulin antibody products can predict the response to radioiodine therapy of TgAb-positive differentiated thyroid cancer patients: a retrospective study

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the predictive value of stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) and pre-ablation antithyroglobulin (pa-TgAb) products for the effect of radioiodine therapy (RAIT) on TgAb-positive differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients.MethodsIn this study, we enrolled 265 patients with TgAb-positive DTC who underwent RAIT after total thyroidectomy (TT). Based on the last follow-up result, the patients were divided into two groups: the excellent response (ER) group and the non-excellent response (NER) group. We analyzed the factors related to the effect of RAIT.ResultsThe ER group consisted of 197 patients. The NER group consisted of 68 patients. For the univariate analysis, we found that the maximal tumor diameter, whether with extrathyroidal extension (ETE), bilateral or unilateral primary lesion, multifocality, preoperative TgAb (preop-TgAb), pa-TgAb, sTg × pa-TgAb, initial RAIT dose, N stage, and surgical extent (modified radical neck dissection or not), showed significant differences between the ER group and NER group (all p-values &lt;0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the cutoff value was 724.25 IU/ml, 424.00 IU/ml, and 59.73 for preop-TgAb, pa-TgAb, and sTg × pa-TgAb, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis results indicated that pa-TgAb, sTg × pa-TgAb, initial RAIT dose, and N stage were independent risk factors for NER (all p-values &lt;0.05). For the Kaplan–Meier analysis of disease-free survival (DFS), the median DFS of the patients with sTg × pa-TgAb &lt; 59.73 and initial RAIT dose ≤ 100 mCi was significantly longer than that of the patients with sTg × pa-TgAb ≥ 59.73 (50.27 months vs. 48.59 months, p = 0.041) and initial RAIT dose &gt;100 mCi (50.50 months vs. 38.00 months, p = 0.030).ConclusionWe found the sTg and pa-TgAb conducts is a good predictor of the efficacy of RAIT in TgAb-positive DTC patients. It can play a very positive and important role in optimizing treatment, improving prognosis, and reducing the burden of patients

Fractal Analysis of Porous Alumina and Its Relationships with the Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties

Porous alumina was prepared by the sacrificial template approach using 30 vol.%, 50 vol.%, and 70 vol.% of carbon fibers and graphite as pore formers. In order to determine the pore size distribution, porosity, most probable pore size, and median pore size, a mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) was used. The surface fractal dimensions (Ds) of porous alumina with various pore formers were assessed based on MIP data. The findings revealed that the pore size distribution of the prepared porous alumina was either bimodal or trimodal at 50 vol.% of the pore formers, and unimodal at 30 vol.% and 70 vol.% of the pore formers in the raw materials. The porous alumina&rsquo;s pore structure and morphology varied depending on the volume content of the pore formers and their shapes. The porosity and pore size of the porous alumina increased with the increase in carbon fiber content because the carbon fiber was unfavorable to the densification of the initial billet before sintering. After sintering, there were no residual pore formers other than alumina in the samples. The pore structure of the porous alumina samples showed prominent fractal characteristics, and its DS decreased with the increase in the pore former content. The samples&rsquo; Ds was highly negatively correlated with the pore structure parameters, and was positively correlated with the flexural strength

Fractal Analysis of Porous Alumina and Its Relationships with the Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties

Porous alumina was prepared by the sacrificial template approach using 30 vol.%, 50 vol.%, and 70 vol.% of carbon fibers and graphite as pore formers. In order to determine the pore size distribution, porosity, most probable pore size, and median pore size, a mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) was used. The surface fractal dimensions (Ds) of porous alumina with various pore formers were assessed based on MIP data. The findings revealed that the pore size distribution of the prepared porous alumina was either bimodal or trimodal at 50 vol.% of the pore formers, and unimodal at 30 vol.% and 70 vol.% of the pore formers in the raw materials. The porous alumina’s pore structure and morphology varied depending on the volume content of the pore formers and their shapes. The porosity and pore size of the porous alumina increased with the increase in carbon fiber content because the carbon fiber was unfavorable to the densification of the initial billet before sintering. After sintering, there were no residual pore formers other than alumina in the samples. The pore structure of the porous alumina samples showed prominent fractal characteristics, and its DS decreased with the increase in the pore former content. The samples’ Ds was highly negatively correlated with the pore structure parameters, and was positively correlated with the flexural strength

99mTc-octreotide Receptor Scintigraphy in NCI-H446 Small Cell Lung Cancer Nude Mice Model

Background and objective For highly aggressive small cell lung cancer (SCLC), early diagnosis is important for its prognosis, but the current inspection methods are more limited, with poor specificity of the traditional imaging methods, and the high cost of PET/CT, difficult to popularization and application. SCLC is kind of neuroendocrine tumors, high expression of somatostatin receptors, which is the cornerstone of its early molecular imaging diagnosis. The aim of this study is to observe the biodistribution and metabolism of 99mTc-octreotide in normal and the human SCLC bearing nude mice. Methods Dynamic and static scintigraphy at 0.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h were performed in both normal and tumor bearing nude mice after intravenous injection of 99mTc-octreotide. The technique of drawing region of interest (ROI) was used to obtain the averaged pixel counts and the activity-time (A-T) curve of brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, tumor, respectively. Results ① The biodistribution study in normal nude mice showed highest uptake in kidney and liver, lower in lung and heart, lowest in brain. Most 99mTc-octreotide was excreted via kidney. ② All tumors were displayed clearly at 3 h postinjection of 99mTc-octreotide. The averaged T/N ratio at 0.5 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h postinjection of 99mTc-octreotide was 1.163±0.03, 2.08±0.12, 3.03±0.23, 2.689±0.31, respectively (F=51.69, P<0.000,1). The radioactivity of tumor was lower than liver, and similar with the lung. The curve of tumor showed a radioactivity peak at 2 min-3 min postinjection. Conclusion 99mTc-octreotide receptor imaging on nude mice bearing SCLC shares high positive rate, especially at 3 h postinjection

Dynamical observation on biological progression of VX2 liver tumors to identify the optimal time for intervention in animal models.

PURPOSE: Based on practice guideline of "management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): update" published by American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and "Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system (BCLC)," this study investigated how to enroll the optimal VX2 liver tumor model for HCC researches by dynamically observing the biological progression of the tumor. MATERIALS: Thirty-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits were implanted VX2 liver tumor by cell suspension method (n=24) and tissue fragment method (n=8). All the rabbits underwent CT scans on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after implantation to observe the size of the tumors, the time when metastases and ascites occurred and the survival time. Appropriate intervention times were estimated corresponding to different clinical HCC stages by using tumor diameter-time curve. RESULTS: The VX2 liver tumors grew rapidly within 28 days after implantation. And the tumors in the cell suspension group grew faster than those of the tissue fragment group. The appropriate intervention time corresponding to very early stage, early stage and intermediate stage were <11 days, 11-16.9 days and >16.9 days, respectively in the cell suspension group, and <19.9 days, 19.9-25.5 days and >25.5 days, respectively in the tissue fragment group. CONCLUSION: Preclinical animal research needs to improve on different levels to yield best predictions for human patients. Researchers should seek for an individualized proposal to select optimal VX2 liver tumor models for their experiments. This approach may lead to a more accurate determination of therapeutic outcomes

POSTOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELLULAR IMMUNE STATUS AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER PRIOR TO 131I THERAPY

Objective To investigate the postoperative relationship between cellular immune status and clinicopathological features in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) before 131I therapy. Methods We retrospectively included 155 patients with DTC who had undergone total thyroidectomy with neck lymph node dissection plus 131I treatment 1-3 months after the operation in our hospital from March 2018 to February 2019. Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells and T cell subsets (CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4/CD8 ratio) were measured 1 d before 131I therapy. Univariable analysis was used to compare the cellular immunity indicators between patients with different clinicopathological features. Results The level of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in male patients was significantly lower than that in female patients (t=-2.120,P&lt;0.05). The patients aged ≥55 years showed a significantly higher level of NK cells and significantly lower levels of CD3+ T cells and CD8+T compared with those aged &lt;55 years (z=-2.344, -2.681,t=2.266,P&lt;0.05). The levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD4/CD8 were significantly lower in the patients with maximum tumor diameter &gt;2 cm than in those with maximum tumor dia-meter ≤2 cm (z=2.595, -2.652,t=3.861,P&lt;0.05). The level of CD4+ T cells in the M1 group was significantly lower than that in the M0 group (t=4.035,P&lt;0.05). Conclusion The cellular immune status is associated with the clinicopathological features of patients with DTC after surgery and before 131I therapy, with significantly decreased levels of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells for males, maximum tumor diameter &gt;2 cm, and M1 stage. Monitoring lymphocyte subsets can help guide interventions for patients from the immune perspective