Strong magnon-magnon coupling in an ultralow damping all-magnetic-insulator heterostructure

Magnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnets (YIGs) are of paramount importance for spin-wave or magnonic devices as their ultralow damping enables ultralow power dissipation that is free of Joule heating, exotic magnon quantum state, and coherent coupling to other wave excitations. Magnetic insulator heterostructures bestow superior structural and magnetic properties and house immense design space thanks to the strong and engineerable exchange interaction between individual layers. To fully unleash their potential, realizing low damping and strong exchange coupling simultaneously is critical, which often requires high quality interface. Here, we show that such a demand is realized in an all-insulator thulium iron garnet (TmIG)/YIG bilayer system. The ultralow dissipation rates in both YIG and TmIG, along with their significant spin-spin interaction at the interface, enable strong and coherent magnon-magnon coupling with a benchmarking cooperativity value larger than the conventional ferromagnetic metal-based heterostructures. The coupling strength can be tuned by varying the magnetic insulator layer thickness and magnon modes, which is consistent with analytical calculations and micromagnetic simulations. Our results demonstrate TmIG/YIG as a novel platform for investigating hybrid magnonic phenomena and open opportunities in magnon devices comprising all-insulator heterostructures.Comment: 45 pages, 18 figures, and 2 table

Gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: The United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China

The current study investigates gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China. Directly assessed individual behavioral regulation (Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders, HTKS), teacher-rated classroom behavioral regulation (Child Behavior Rating Scale, CBRS) and a battery of school readiness assessments (mathematics, vocabulary, and early literacy) were used with 814 young children (ages 3–6 years). Results showed that girls in the United States had significantly higher individual behavioral regulation than boys, but there were no significant gender differences in any Asian societies. In contrast, teachers in Taiwan, South Korea, as well as the United States rated girls as significantly higher than boys on classroom behavioral regulation. In addition, for both genders, individual and classroom behavioral regulation were related to many aspects of school readiness in all societies for girls and boys. Universal and culturally specific findings and their implications are discussed

Patent portfolio analysis model based on legal status information

Purpose: This research proposes a patent portfolio analysis model based on the legal status information to chart out a competitive landscape in a particular field, enabling organizations to position themselves within the overall technology landscape. Design/methodology/approach: Three indicators were selected for the proposed model: Patent grant rate, valid patents rate and patent maintenance period. The model uses legal status information to perform a qualitative evaluation of relative values of the individual patents, countries or regions&rsquo; technological capabilities and competitiveness of patent applicants. The results are visualized by a four-quadrant bubble chart. To test the effectiveness of the model, it is used to present a competitive landscape in the lithium ion battery field. Findings: The model can be used to evaluate the values of the individual patents, highlight countries or regions&rsquo; positions in the field, and rank the competitiveness of patent applicants in the field. Research limitations: The model currently takes into consideration only three legal status indicators. It is actually feasible to introduce more indicators such as the reason for invalid patents and the distribution of patent maintenance time and associate them with those in the proposed model. Practical implications: Analysis of legal status information in combination of patent application information can help an organization to spot gaps in its patent claim coverage, as well as evaluate patent quality and maintenance situation of its granted patents. The study results can be used to support technology assessment, technology innovation and intellectual property management. Originality/value: Prior studies attempted to assess patent quality or competitiveness by using either single patent legal status indicator or comparative analysis of the impacts of each indicator. However, they are insufficient in presenting the combined effects of the evaluation indicators. Using our model, it appears possible to get a more complete and objective picture of the current competitive situation. Purpose: This research proposes a patent portfolio analysis model based on the legal status information to chart out a competitive landscape in a particular field, enabling organizations to position themselves within the overall technology landscape. Design/methodology/approach: Three indicators were selected for the proposed model: Patent grant rate, valid patents rate and patent maintenance period. The model uses legal status information to perform a qualitative evaluation of relative values of the individual patents, countries or regions&rsquo; technological capabilities and competitiveness of patent applicants. The results are visualized by a four-quadrant bubble chart. To test the effectiveness of the model, it is used to present a competitive landscape in the lithium ion battery field. Findings: The model can be used to evaluate the values of the individual patents, highlight countries or regions&rsquo; positions in the field, and rank the competitiveness of patent applicants in the field. Research limitations: The model currently takes into consideration only three legal status indicators. It is actually feasible to introduce more indicators such as the reason for invalid patents and the distribution of patent maintenance time and associate them with those in the proposed model. Practical implications: Analysis of legal status information in combination of patent application information can help an organization to spot gaps in its patent claim coverage, as well as evaluate patent quality and maintenance situation of its granted patents. The study results can be used to support technology assessment, technology innovation and intellectual property management. Originality/value: Prior studies attempted to assess patent quality or competitiveness by using either single patent legal status indicator or comparative analysis of the impacts of each indicator. However, they are insufficient in presenting the combined effects of the evaluation indicators. Using our model, it appears possible to get a more complete and objective picture of the current competitive situation.</div

Line Features of Detail Enhancement Thermal Infrared Image for SLAM

To solve the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping of mobile robot vision navigation using infrared thermal imaging, A point-line feature extraction and matching algorithm after infrared image enhancement is proposed for visual odometry. We first used a guided filter to smooth the input image and separate it into the base layer and the detail layer. Then constraining the gradient of the detail will be used gain mask to enhance it. Finally, the two parts of the image combined with weighted coefficients will be exported into the second guided filter. The output image will use LSD to extract line feature, then using ORB algorithm will get point feature extraction and matching from line feature image. The results show the it can effectively improve the defect of infrared image blurred with similar background temperature and difficult to extract image features for mobile robot visual SLAM

Preparation of gasification ash slag gel and its inhibitory performance to coal spontaneous combustion

In view of the high cost of the gel fire-fighting technology in the field and the difficulty of large-scale use, the relatively cheap coal chemical solid waste gasification ash is used as the base material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gelling agent (HPMC) is added. Later, a new type of gasification ash gel material was prepared. Meanwhile, taking lignite as the research object, the coal spontaneous combustion retardant properties of CaCl2 inhibitor and gasification ash gel were compared and analyzed by temperature-programmed gas chromatography combined experiment and FTIR Fourier transform spectrometer. The results show that with the increase of coal temperature, the release concentrations of CO and C2H4 in the coal samples with the addition of CaCl2 inhibitor and gasification ash gel are significantly lower than those in the raw coal, and the CO inhibition rates reach 46% and 67.5% at 110 ℃, respectively; gasification ash gel can increase the oxygen activation energy of coal by 25.2% in the temperature range of 30 ℃ to 200 ℃; the gasification ash gel can reduce the content of C-O, C=C functional group, effectively inhibit the free radical chain reaction, and its inhibition effect is better

Knowledge-transfer analysis based on co-citation clustering

Based on co-citation cluster analysis, we propose a knowledge-transfer analysis model for any technology field. In this model, patent data with backward citations to non-patent literature and forward citations by later patents would be analyzed. Co-citation clustering of the cited articles defines scientific knowledge sources, while that of the patents themselves defines technology fronts. According to the citation between the article and patent clusters, the landscape of knowledge-transfer including route and strength between scientific knowledge sources and technology fronts can be mapped out. The model has been applied to the field of transgenic rice. As a result of the analysis, ten scientific knowledge sources and eight technology fronts have emerged, and reasonable links between them have been established, which clearly show how knowledge has been transferred in this field

The Influence of Complex Subway Station Construction on High Retaining Walls and Appropriate Countermeasures

Anzhen Bridge Station of Beijing metro line 12, which adopts a separated-island platform constructed by the undermining method, passes along the retaining wall of the North Third Ring Road. A numerical simulation method is adopted to study the deformation laws of the retaining wall under the influence of station construction. The simulation data show that the affected retaining wall will have large settlement and tilt, and countermeasures must be taken. Four countermeasures are formulated, and their control effects are analyzed. The calculation results show that the combination of anchor cables and waist beams can effectively control the tilt of the retaining wall, but the control effect on the absolute settlement is not obvious. The control effect of isolation piles is better than that of foundation grouting. The joint control method of anchor cables combined with waist beams, isolation piles, and deep hole grouting makes the deformation meet the target, and according to this measure, a concept of joint control aiming at the influence of the “source,” “propagation,” and “object” is proposed, which can provide a reference for similar projects with a great difficulty in deformation control

Reduction of WDR81 impairs autophagic clearance of aggregated proteins and cell viability in neurodegenerative phenotypes.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuron loss and accumulation of undegraded protein aggregates. These phenotypes are partially due to defective protein degradation in neuronal cells. Autophagic clearance of aggregated proteins is critical to protein quality control, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we report the essential role of WDR81 in autophagic clearance of protein aggregates in models of Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In hippocampus and cortex of patients with HD, PD and AD, protein level of endogenous WDR81 is decreased but autophagic receptor p62 accumulates significantly. WDR81 facilitates the recruitment of autophagic proteins onto Htt polyQ aggregates and promotes autophagic clearance of Htt polyQ subsequently. The BEACH and MFS domains of WDR81 are sufficient for its recruitment onto Htt polyQ aggregates, and its WD40 repeats are essential for WDR81 interaction with covalent bound ATG5-ATG12. Reduction of WDR81 impairs the viability of mouse primary neurons, while overexpression of WDR81 restores the viability of fibroblasts from HD patients. Notably, in Caenorhabditis elegans, deletion of the WDR81 homolog (SORF-2) causes accumulation of p62 bodies and exacerbates neuron loss induced by overexpressed α-synuclein. As expected, overexpression of SORF-2 or human WDR81 restores neuron viability in worms. These results demonstrate that WDR81 has crucial evolutionarily conserved roles in autophagic clearance of protein aggregates and maintenance of cell viability under pathological conditions, and its reduction provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of HD, PD, AD and brain disorders related to WDR81 mutations