Assessment of Quality of Methodology of the Studies Using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

<p>‘Y’ denotes ‘yes’ and ‘N’ denotes ‘no’. Quality items: 1) Definition of case; 2) Representativeness of the cases; 3) Selection of Controls; 4) Definition of Controls; 5) Study control for age; 6) Study controls for smoking; 7) Ascertainment of exposure; 8) Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls; 9) Non-response rate.</p

PRISMA flow diagram showing the result of literature screening for meta-analysis.

<p>PRISMA flow diagram showing the result of literature screening for meta-analysis.</p

Characteristics of the Studies Included in the Meta-analysis of Association of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> with Age-related Macular Degeneration.

<p>AMD: age related macular degeneration; n: number; USA: United States of America; UK: United Kingdom; NA: not available; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MIF: Microimmunofluorescence; C.P. <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>.</p

Serological Association of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Infection with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>We investigated the serological association of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p>Methods</p><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Association of Research in Vision and Ophthalmology abstracts were searched to identify studies investigating the serological association of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection with age-related macular degeneration. The quality of original studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression. The odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMD) of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection between AMD patients and controls were pooled.</p><p>Results</p><p>In total, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale scores ranging from 4 to 9. There was heterogeneity among studies due to a difference in the study designs and measurement of exposure to <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection. The overall OR of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection with AMD was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 0.78–1.57, <i>P</i> = 0.56). The overall SMD of antibody titer between AMD and control was 0.43 (95% confidence interval: −0.12 to 0.99, <i>P</i> = 0.13).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Evidence from the current published literature suggested no statistically significant association between <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection and AMD.</p></div

Meta-analysis of the serologic association of with <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> and the prevalence of AMD.

<p>A: Forest plot comparing the positive rate of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection between AMD cases and controls; squares indicate study-specific odds ratio (OR). B: Funnel plots for positive rate of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection between AMD cases and controls; C: Forest plot comparing the IgG antibody titers of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> infection between AMD cases and controls; squares indicate study-specific standardized mean difference (SMD). The size of the box is proportional to the weight of the study; horizontal lines indicate 95% confidence interval (CI); diamond indicates summary OR or SMD with its corresponding 95% CI.</p

Additional file 1: of The development of the social health scale for the elderly

The draft, scoring method and norms of the Social Health Scale for the Elderly. (DOCX 46 kb

Table_1_Association of NAD+ levels with metabolic disease in a community-based study.docx

BackgroundNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme and plays a crucial role in several metabolic processes. This study explored the association of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels with metabolic disease (MD) in adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, all data were collected from the Jidong community. MD was defined as the presence of one or more of the following disease components: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The MD components were categorized into three groups: those with one component, those with two components, and those with three to six components. The whole blood NAD+ level was measured using a cycling assay and LC-MS/MS analysis. The participants were divided into four groups based on their NAD+ level quartiles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of the whole blood NAD+ levels with MD.ResultsOf the 1,394 eligible participants, the average age was 43.2 years, and 74.3% had MD. In the top quartile of NAD+, the prevalence of MD and each of its components (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity, and NAFLD) were 87.9% 35.2%, 62.3%, 8.7%, 36.9%, 21.0%, and 60.5%, respectively. As compared with the lowest NAD+ quartile (≤29.4 μmol/L), the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of the highest quartile were 3.01 (1.87-4.87) for MD, 2.48 (1.44-4.29) for 1 MD component, 2.74 (1.45-5.17) for 2 MD components, and 4.30 (2.32-7.98) for 3-6 MD components. The risk of MD began to increase at NAD+ levels of 31.0 μmol/L, as revealed by the gradient associations of NAD+ levels with MD. There was no significant interaction between age, sex, drinking, smoking, and NAD+ for MD (p for interaction ≥0.10).ConclusionsIncreased NAD+ was significantly associated with MD, as well as its individual components. Our findings provide new evidence for the relationship between blood NAD+ levels and MD.</p