Adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression: depot differences and effects of diet and exercise

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alterations of endocannabinoid system in adipose tissue play an important role in lipid regulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene expression levels of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are different in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, and whether hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise influence subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty overweight or obese, middle-aged women (BMI = 34.3 ± 0.8 kg/m², age = 59 ± 1 years) underwent one of three 20-week weight loss interventions: caloric restriction only (CR, N = 9), caloric restriction plus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CRM, 45-50% HRR, N = 13), or caloric restriction plus vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (CRV, 70-75% HRR, N = 8). Subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue samples were collected before and after the interventions to measure CB1 and FAAH gene expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At baseline, FAAH gene expression was higher in abdominal, compared to gluteal adipose tissue (2.08 ± 0.11 vs. 1.78 ± 0.10, expressed as target gene/β-actin mRNA ratio × 10^-3, P < 0.05). Compared to pre-intervention, CR did not change abdominal, but decreased gluteal CB1 (Δ = -0.82 ± 0.25, P < 0.05) and FAAH (Δ = -0.49 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) gene expression. CRM or CRV alone did not change adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression. However, combined CRM and CRV (CRM+CRV) decreased abdominal adipose tissue FAAH gene expression (Δ = -0.37 ± 0.18, P < 0.05). The changes in gluteal CB1 and abdominal FAAH gene expression levels in the CR alone and the CRM+CRV group were different (P < 0.05) or tended to be different (P = 0.10).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There are depot differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression in obese individuals. Aerobic exercise training may preferentially modulate abdominal adipose tissue endocannabinoid-related gene expression during dietary weight loss.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00664729">NCT00664729</a>.</p

High-Performance Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensors Based on CoNiCu Alloy Nanotubes Arrays Prepared by Electrodeposition

Transition metal alloys are good candidate electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose sensors due to their low cost and high performance. In this work, we reported the controllable electrodeposition of CoNiCu alloy nanotubes electrodes using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as template. Uniform CoNiCu alloy arrays of nanotubes about 2 μm in length and 280 nm in diameter were obtained by optimizing the electrodeposition parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements indicated that the as-prepared alloy nanotubes arrays are composed of 64.7 wt% Co-19.4 wt% Ni-15.9 wt% Cu. Non-enzymatic glucose sensing measurements indicated that the CoNiCu nanotubes arrays possessed a low detection limit of 0.5 μM, a high sensitivity of 791 μA mM−1 cm−2 from 50 to 1,551 μM and 322 μA mM−1 cm−2 from 1,551 to 4,050 μM. Besides, they showed high reliability with the capacity of anti-jamming. Tafel plots showed that alloying brought higher exchange current density and faster reaction speed. The high performance should be due to the synergistic effect of Co, Ni, and Cu metal elements and high surface area of nanotubes arrays

Advances in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells

As a common hematological malignant tumor, acute leukemia is believed to originate from a subpopulation of special cancer cells, named cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are recognized to be the main source of tumor origin, multidrug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) were first identified and confirmed to play an important role in the occurrence and development of leukemia. In this article, we summarize the following content: special markers and sorting methods for acute myeloid leukemia stem cells and the role of cancer stem cells in treatment resistance, metastasis and invasion, recurrence, and target treatment of acute leukemia

Dedifferentiation process driven by radiotherapy-induced HMGB1/TLR2/YAP/HIF-1α signaling enhances pancreatic cancer stemness

Differentiated cancer cells reacquiring stem cell traits following radiotherapy may enrich cancer stem cells and accelerate tumor recurrence and metastasis. We are interested in the mechanistic role of dying cells-derived HMGB1 in CD133− pancreatic cancer cells dedifferentiation following radiotherapy. We firstly confirmed that X-ray irradiation induced differentiation of CD133− pancreatic cancer cells, from either sorted from patient samples or established cell lines, into cancer stem-like cells (iCSCs). Using an in vitro coculture model, X-ray irradiation induced dying cells to release HMGB1, which further promoted CD133− pancreatic cancer cells regaining stem cell traits, such as higher sphere forming ability and expressed higher level of stemness-related genes and proteins. Inhibiting the expression and activity of HMGB1 attenuated the dedifferentiation stimulating effect of irradiated, dying cells on C133− pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in PDX models. Mechanistically, HMGB1 binding with TLR2 receptor functions in a paracrine manner to affect CD133− pancreatic cancer cells dedifferentiation via activating Hippo-YAP pathway and HIF-1α expression in oxygen independent manner in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that X-ray irradiation induces CD133− pancreatic cancer cell dedifferentiation into a CSC phenotype, and inhibiting HMGB1 may be a strategy to prevent CSC enrichment and further pancreatic carcinoma relapse.</p

Vliv Danmu na nákupní záměr spotřebitelů v živém vysílání e-commerce v Číně

This paper discusses the increasing popularity of live streaming e-commerce in China, and how the emergence of Danmu is changing the way consumers interact with the anchor and with each other during live streams. The purpose of study is to evaluate how Danmu affects consumer purchase intention in the live room. The study employs the Stimuli-Organism-Response theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to explore the relationship between danmu characteristics and consumer behavior. The study collected data through questionnaire surveys and analyzed 405 valid questionnaires using SPSS and AMOS. I found that the quality of danmu and positive emotional danmu have a positive impact on consumer purchase intention and perceived value, and a negative impact on perceived risk. Perceived value and perceived risk play mediating roles in the relationship between danmu characteristics and consumer purchase intention. Consumer shopping orientation has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between perceived risk and consumer purchase intention. The study provides practical recommendations for companies, emphasizing the importance of consumer interaction through Danmu, adjusting Danmu topics and interaction methods based on consumer shopping tendencies, and developing information filtering and blocking functions to improve the consumer shopping experience. The study highlights the impact and mechanism of positive emotional danmu information characteristics on consumer behavior in live streaming marketing, and contributes to the understanding of the role of live streaming e-commerce in the Chinese economy.Tento článek pojednává o rostoucí popularitě živého vysílání e-commerce v Číně a o tom, jak vznik Danmu mění způsob, jakým spotřebitelé komunikují s kotvou a mezi sebou navzájem během živých přenosů. Cílem studie je zhodnotit, jak Danmu ovlivňuje nákupní záměr spotřebitelů v živém vysílání. Studie využívá teorii stimulu-organismu-odpovědi a model akceptace technologie ke zkoumání vztahu mezi charakteristikami danmu a chováním spotřebitelů. Studie shromáždila data prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření a analyzovala 405 platných dotazníků pomocí programů SPSS a AMOS. Zjistil jsem, že kvalita danmu a pozitivní emoce danmu mají pozitivní vliv na nákupní záměr spotřebitele a vnímanou hodnotu a negativní vliv na vnímané riziko. Vnímaná hodnota a vnímané riziko hrají ve vztahu mezi charakteristikami danmu a nákupním záměrem spotřebitele zprostředkující roli. Nákupní orientace spotřebitele má významný moderující vliv na vztah mezi vnímaným rizikem a nákupním záměrem spotřebitele. Studie poskytuje praktická doporučení pro společnosti, zdůrazňuje význam interakce se spotřebiteli prostřednictvím danmu, upravuje témata danmu a metody interakce na základě nákupních tendencí spotřebitelů a rozvíjí funkce filtrování a blokování informací s cílem zlepšit nákupní zkušenosti spotřebitelů. Studie zdůrazňuje dopad a mechanismus pozitivních emocionálních charakteristik informací danmu na chování spotřebitelů v marketingu živého vysílání a přispívá k pochopení role elektronického obchodování v živém vysílání v čínské ekonomice

Research on Validity Examination of Simulated Results of Eggplant Water Requirements with Drip Irrigation under Mulch in Sunlight Greenhouse

In order to explore the validity of the single and dual crop coefficient approaches in sunlight greenhouses, eggplant with drip irrigation was taken as the study object, and the crop water requirement was calculated via field experiments in a sunlight greenhouse. Results indicated that the results of the two model simulations are satisfactory. Model parameters of the single crop coefficient approach are perfect with a correlation index (R2) of 0.8374, a regression coefficient of 0.8281, an average mean absolute error of 0.2335 mm/day, an average standard error of 0.28 mm/day, a consistency index of relative unbiasedness of 0.9530, and a residual variance of 0.0785. For the dual crop coefficient approach, the model parameters had a correlation index (R2) of 0.8597, a regression coefficient of 0.8220, an average mean absolute error of 0.2196 mm/day, an average standard error of 0.27 mm/day, a consistency index of relative unbiasedness of 0.9543, and a residual variance of 0.0685. The results indicated that the dual crop coefficient model was better than the single crop coefficient model. Our research can provide some reference for the study of crop water requirements with drip irrigation under mulch in a sunlight greenhouse

A GPS Satellite Clock Offset Prediction Method Based on Fitting Clock Offset Rates Data

It is proposed that a satellite atomic clock offset prediction method based on fitting and modeling clock offset rates data. This method builds quadratic model or linear model combined with periodic terms to fit the time series of clock offset rates, and computes the model coefficients of trend with the best estimation. The clock offset precisely estimated at the initial prediction epoch is directly adopted to calculate the model coefficient of constant. The clock offsets in the rapid ephemeris (IGR) provided by IGS are used as modeling data sets to perform certain experiments for different types of GPS satellite clocks. The results show that the clock prediction accuracies of the proposed method for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h achieve 0.43, 0.58, 0.90 and 1.47 ns respectively, which outperform the traditional prediction method based on fitting original clock offsets by 69.3%, 61.8%, 50.5% and 37.2%. Compared with the IGU real-time clock products provided by IGS, the prediction accuracies of the new method have improved about 15.7%, 23.7%, 27.4% and 34.4% respectively

A Novel Method for Precise Onboard Real-Time Orbit Determination with a Standalone GPS Receiver

Satellite remote sensing systems require accurate, autonomous and real-time orbit determinations (RTOD) for geo-referencing. Onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) has widely been used to undertake such tasks. In this paper, a novel RTOD method achieving decimeter precision using GPS carrier phases, required by China’s HY2A and ZY3 missions, is presented. A key to the algorithm success is the introduction of a new parameter, termed pseudo-ambiguity. This parameter combines the phase ambiguity, the orbit, and clock offset errors of the GPS broadcast ephemeris together to absorb a large part of the combined error. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the orbit and clock offset errors, the pseudo-ambiguity can be modeled as a random walk, and estimated in an extended Kalman filter. Experiments of processing real data from HY2A and ZY3, simulating onboard operational scenarios of these two missions, are performed using the developed software SATODS. Results have demonstrated that the position and velocity accuracy (3D RMS) of 0.2–0.4 m and 0.2–0.4 mm/s, respectively, are achieved using dual-frequency carrier phases for HY2A, and slightly worse results for ZY3. These results show it is feasible to obtain orbit accuracy at decimeter level of 3–5 dm for position and 0.3–0.5 mm/s for velocity with this RTOD method

Parameterization of Four Models to Estimate Crop Evapotranspiration in a Solar Greenhouse

Working to simplify mechanistic models on the basis of reliability for estimating crop evapotranspiration (ET) in a greenhouse is still worthwhile for horticulturists. In this study, four ET models (Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor, and Shuttleworth–Wallace models, and the Crop coefficient method) were parameterized after taking the restriction effect of resistance parameters in these models on ET into account, named as PA-PM, PA-PT, PA-CC, and PA-SW, respectively. The performance of these four parameterized models was compared at different growth stages, as well as the entire growing season. Tomatoes that were ET-grown in a solar greenhouse without a heating device were measured using weighting lysimeters during 2016–2017 and 2019–2021, in which data from 2016 were used to adjust the model parameters, and data from the other four study years were used to examine the model performance. The results indicated that the PA-PT and PA-CC models have a better performance in estimating tomato ET at four growth stages, while the PA-PM and PA-SW performed well only at the development and middle stages. Compared to the ET that was measured with the weighting lysimeters, the ET that was predicted using the PA-PM model was 27.0% lower at the initial stage, and 8.7% higher at the late stage; the ET that was computed using the PA-SW model was 19.5% and 13.6% higher at the initial and late stages, respectively. The PA-PT model yielded the lowest root mean square error and the highest index of agreement against the other models over the entire growing season, indicating that the PA-PT model is the best recommended model for estimating tomato ET in a solar greenhouse

A More Reliable Orbit Initialization Method for LEO Precise Orbit Determination Using GNSS

Precise orbit determination (POD) using GNSS has been rapidly developed and is the mainstream technology for the navigation of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The initialization of orbit parameters is a key prerequisite for LEO POD processing. For a LEO satellite equipped with a GNSS receiver, sufficient discrete kinematic positions can be obtained easily by processing space-borne GNSS data, and its orbit parameters can thus be estimated directly in iterative manner. This method of direct iterative estimation is called as the direct approach, which is generally considered highly reliable, but in practical applications it has risk of failure. Stability analyses demonstrate that the direct approach is sensitive to oversized errors in the starting velocity vector at the reference time, which may lead to large errors in design matrix because the reference orbit may be significantly distorted, and eventually cause the divergence of the orbit parameter estimation. In view of this, a more reliable method, termed the progressive approach, is presented in this paper. Instead of estimating the orbit parameters directly, it first fits the discrete kinematic positions to a reference ephemeris in the form of the GNSS broadcast ephemeris, which construct a reference orbit that is smooth and close to the true orbit. Based on the reference orbit, the starting orbit parameters are computed in sufficient accuracy, and then the final orbit parameters are estimated with a high accuracy by using discrete kinematic positions as measurements. The stability analyses show that the design matrix errors are reduced in the progressive approach, which would assure more robust orbit parameter estimation than the direct estimation approach. Various orbit initialization experiments are performed on the KOMPSAT-5 and FY3C satellites. The results have fully verified the high reliability of the proposed progressive approach