12 research outputs found
Availability, cost, and prescription patterns of antihypertensive medications in primary health care in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Background: Around 200 million adults in China have hypertension, but few are treated or achieve adequate control of their blood pressure. Available and affordable medications are important for successfully controlling hypertension, but little is known about current patterns of access to, and use of, antihypertensive medications in Chinese primary health care. Methods: We used data from a nationwide cross-sectional survey (the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project primary health care survey), which was undertaken between November, 2016 and May, 2017, to assess the availability, cost, and prescription patterns of 62 antihypertensive medications at primary health-care sites across 31 Chinese provinces. We surveyed 203 community health centres, 401 community health stations, 284 township health centres, and 2474 village clinics to assess variation in availability, cost, and prescription by economic region and type of site. We also assessed the use of high-value medications, defined as guideline-recommended and low-cost. We also examined the association of medication cost with availability and prescription patterns. Findings: Our study sample included 3362 primary health-care sites and around 1 million people (613 638 people at 2758 rural sites and 478 393 people at 604 urban sites). Of the 3362 sites, 8·1% (95% CI 7·2–9·1) stocked no antihypertensive medications and 33·8% (32·2–35·4) stocked all four classes that were routinely used. Village clinics and sites in the western region of China had the lowest availability. Only 32·7% (32·2–33·3) of all sites stocked high-value medications, and few high-value medications were prescribed (11·2% [10·9–11·6] of all prescription records). High-cost medications were more likely to be prescribed than low-cost alternatives. Interpretation: China has marked deficiencies in the availability, cost, and prescription of antihypertensive medications. High-value medications are not preferentially used. Future efforts to reduce the burden of hypertension, particularly through the work of primary health-care providers, will need to improve access to, and use of, antihypertensive medications, paying particular attention to those with high value
Image_1_Prevalence, treatment, and attributed mortality of elevated blood pressure among a nationwide population-based cohort of stroke survivors in China.tif
BackgroundElevated blood pressure (BP) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in stroke survivors. China has the highest prevalence of stroke survivors and accounts for one-third of stroke-related deaths worldwide. We aimed to describe the prevalence and treatment of elevated BP across age, sex, and region, and assess the mortality attributable to elevated BP among stroke survivors in China.Materials and methodsBased on 3,820,651 participants aged 35–75 years from all 31 provinces in mainland China recruited from September 2014 to September 2020, we assessed the prevalence and treatment of elevated BP (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) among those with self-reported stroke and stratified by age group, sex, and geographic region. We estimated the age- and sex-specific population attributable fractions of death from elevated BP.ResultsAmong 91,406 stroke survivors, the mean (SD) age was 62 (8) years, and 49.0% were male. The median interquartile range (IQR) stroke duration was 4 (2, 7) years. The prevalence of elevated BP was 61.3% overall, and increased with age (from 47.5% aged 35–44 years to 64.6% aged 65–75 years). The increment of prevalence was larger in female patients than male patients. Elevated BP was more prevalent in northeast (66.8%) and less in south (54.3%) China. Treatment rate among patients with elevated BP was 38.1%, and rates were low across all age groups, sexes, and regions. Elevated BP accounted for 33 and 21% of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among stroke survivors, respectively. The proportion exceeded 50% for cardiovascular mortality among patients aged 35–54 years.ConclusionIn this nationwide cohort of stroke survivors from China, elevated BP and its non-treatment were highly prevalent across all age groups, sexes, and regions. Elevated BP accounted for nearly one-third cardiovascular mortality in stroke survivors, and particularly higher in young and middle-aged patients. National strategies targeting elevated BP are warranted to address the high stroke burden in China.</p
Healthy lifestyle, statin, and mortality in people with high CVD risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Abstact: Objective: To examine the joint association of healthy lifestyles and statin use with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in high-risk individuals, and evaluate the survival benefits by life expectancy. Methods: During 2015–2021, participants aged 35–75 years were recruited by the China Health Evaluation And risk Reduction through nationwide Teamwork. Based on number of healthy lifestyles related to smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and diet, we categorized them into: very healthy (3–4), healthy (2), and unhealthy (0–1). Statin use was determined by self-report taking statin in last two weeks. Results: Among the 265,209 included participants at high risk, 6979 deaths were observed, including 3236 CVD deaths during a median 3.6 years of follow-up. Individuals taking statin and with a very healthy lifestyle had the lowest risk of all-cause (HR: 0.70; 95 %CI: 0.57–0.87) and cardiovascular mortality (0.56; 0.40–0.79), compared with statin non-users with an unhealthy lifestyle. High-risk participants taking statin and with a very healthy lifestyle had the highest years of life gained (5.90 years at 35-year-old [4.14–7.67; P < 0.001]) compared with statin non-users with an unhealthy lifestyle among high-risk people. And their life expectancy was comparable with those without high risk but with a very healthy lifestyle (4.49 vs. 4.68 years). Conclusion: The combination of preventive medication and multiple healthy lifestyles was associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and largest survival benefits. Integrated strategy to improve long-term health for high-risk people was urgently needed
Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on conductive Ag contained EMT-style nano-zeolites and the application for α-fetoprotein detection
International audienc
Amphiphilic Silane Modified Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Magnetically Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Efficient
targeting is a major challenge in practical photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Though the “enhanced permeability and retention” (EPR)
effect is a widely used tumor targeting method, magnetic targeting
strategy is more promising considering the issue of high targeting
efficiency and reducing concentration-dependent toxicity. Herein,
magnetic targeting and highly effective Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Ce6/C6@silane NPs are reported as a class of precisely controlled
photosensitizers (PS) for PDT. On the basis of the amphiphilic silane
encapsulation, PS chlorin e6 (Ce6) and Coumarin 6 (C6) as well as
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were coloaded into the inside hydrophobic
environment of amphiphilic silane, forming a theranostic agent for
dual-mode imaging guided and magnetic targeting enhanced <i>in
vivo</i> PDT agent. To solve the problem of over-irradiation,
the coloaded design of C6 and Ce6 molecules can afford the real time
PDT monitoring by ratio emissions with same excitation wavelength.
When Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Ce6/C6@silane and Ce6/C6@silane NPs
are compared in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments, the introduction of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in
the composite does not affect the PDT efficiency, whereas, in contrast,
it brings MRI imaging and magnetic targeting functions. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Ce6/C6@silane injection followed with magnetic field
(MF) and light irradiation is important in generating an effective
PDT process, showing great potential in tumor therapy
Three-Dimensional Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal Substrates toward Efficient Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells
Artificial fractal
structures have attracted considerable scientific interest in circulating
tumor cells (CTCs) detection and capture, which plays a pivotal role
in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Herein, we designed a bionic
TiO<sub>2</sub> inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) structure for
highly efficient immunocapture of CTCs by combination of a magnetic
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C6@silane nanoparticles with anti-EpCAM
(antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule) and microchannel structure.
Porous structure and dimension of IOPC TiO<sub>2</sub> can be precisely
controlled for mimicking cellular components, and anti-EpCAM antibody
was further modified on IOPC interface by conjugating with polydopamine
(PDA). The improvement of CTCs capture efficiency reaches a surprising
factor of 20 for the IOPC interface compared to that on flat glass,
suggesting that the IOPCs are responsible for the dramatic enhancement
of the capture efficiency of MCF-7 cells. IOPC substrate with pore
size of 415 nm leads to the optimal CTCs capture efficiency of 92%
with 1 mL/h. Besides the cell affinity, IOPCs also have the advantage
of light scattering property which can enhance the excitation and
emission light of fluorescence labels, facilitating the real-time
monitoring of CTCs capture. The IOPC-based platform demonstrates excellent
performance in CTCs capture, which will take an important step toward
specific recognition of disease-related rare cells