Analysis on Heavy Quarkonia Transitions with Pion Emission in Terms of the QCD Multipole Expansion and Determination of Mass Spectra of Hybrids

One of the most important tasks in high energy physics is search for the exotic states, such as glueball, hybrid and multi-quark states. The transitions $\psi(ns)\to \psi(ms)+\pi\pi$ and $\Upsilon(ns)\to \Upsilon(ms)+\pi\pi$ attract great attentions because they may reveal characteristics of hybrids. In this work, we analyze those transition modes in terms of the theoretical framework established by Yan and Kuang. It is interesting to notice that the intermediate states between the two gluon-emissions are hybrids, therefore by fitting the data, we are able to determine the mass spectra of hybrids. The ground hybrid states are predicted as 4.23 GeV (for charmonium) and 10.79 GeV (for bottonium) which do not correspond to any states measured in recent experiments, thus it may imply that very possibly, hybrids mix with regular quarkonia to constitute physical states. Comprehensive comparisons of the potentials for hybrids whose parameters are obtained in this scenario with the lattice results are presented.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figur

Effect of hyaluronic acid: Mechanistic investigations via topological and functional analysis of its protein interaction network

Purpose: To predict molecular targets and the mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid against various disease conditions. Methods: The present study was designed and conducted based on the principle of network pharmacology, protein-protein interaction (PPI) database, and biological process analysis. At a high confidence score, a protein network comprising seventeen human protein targets was achieved from STITCH (Search Tool for Interaction of Chemicals). Results: Cytoscape-based protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) with 342 nodes was developed and analyzed to ascertain the molecular basis of hyaluronic acid actions. It revealed that hyaluronic acid was mainly involved in various physiological processes including extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly, collagen catabolic process, mucopolysaccharide metabolic process, and circadian regulation of gene expression. Conclusion: The retrieved pathways are known to be involved in causing several pathologies such as leukemia, psoriasis, tick-borne encephalitis, etc. These pathways are influenced by hyaluronic acid. However, further explanations are required to elucidate whether these targets of hyaluronic acid have a therapeutic or toxicological role

Causal Relationship among the National Wealth, the Consumption and Shanghai Composite Index

Based on data between the December 1990 to July 2009 of the industrial added value, retail sales and the Shanghai composite index, Cointegration and Granger Causality test have been done and found that: a) An stable cointegration relationship exists among the industrial added value, retail sales and Shanghai composite index, and they are positively correlated. b) The total industrial added value and retail sales Granger cause the Shanghai composite index, but the reverse affect did not observed, which explain China's stock market is not yet a mature market. c) Compared to the total retail sales, the impact of industrial added value on the Shanghai composite index delayed a little longer.Keywords: cointegration test; Granger causality test; industrial added value; total retail sales; the Shanghai Composite Inde

Effect of sodium hyaluronate in treating fungal corneal ulcer

AIM: To retrospectively analyze the effects of sodium hyaluronate in treating fungal corneal ulcer.<p>METHODS: Since June, 2006, there were 178 patients(178 eyes)with fungal corneal ulcer receiving medical treatment in our hospital. Among them, 81 patients(81 eyes)as the control group received the traditional antifungal treatment with the natamycin and fluconazole being the major medicine, from June 2006 to June 2008. While, 97 patients(97 eyes)as the treatment group received sodium hyaluronate treatment based on traditional antifungal treatment during the period of June 2008 to March 2010. Effects of two therapeutic methods were compared and analyzed. <p>RESULTS: Of the 97 cases in the treatment group, the average hospital stay was: 14.15±4.23d, with 90 cases(92.8%)cured, 5 cases(5.2%)improved, 2 cases(2.1%)ineffective, the final visual acuity of 51.6% patients better than 0.3. Of the 81 cases in the control group, average hospital stay was: 17.26±6.23d, with 69 cases(85.2%)cured, 7 cases(8.6%)improved, 5 cases(6.2%)ineffective, the final visual acuity of 39.5% patients better than 0.3. After statistical analysis, the average hospital stay, the cure rate, the effective rate and the final visual acuity in both groups showed statistically significant difference(<i>P</i><0.05). The average hospital stay of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group, while the cure rate and effective rate and the final visual acuity was better than that of the control group.<p>CONCLUSION: Sodium hyaluronate can promote fungal corneal ulcer healing, improve the cure rate and reduce the formation of corneal scar

Comparable Analysis of Long-term Memory of EUR/USD Based on Non-parametrical Statistics

Non-parameter statistical methods of classical R/S, revised R/S and V/S was proposed in long-term Memory of EUR/USD. It was concluded through comparable analysis that: (1) Through Normality Test of Return Sequences of EUR/USD Daily Closing Prices, the experimental results imply that bias of daily return sequences of EUR/USD is not equal to zero, and the curve appears to high peak and fat tail. (2) Jarque-Bera test is adopted. The estimated values reject the null hypothesis of normal distribution. (3) The paper estimates daily return series of EUR/USD using classical R/S method. The results show that Hurst exponent is equal to 0.612425; the statistical cycle is 160 days; the correlative scale is close to 1.3432. This study's conclusion was that long-term memory exists in daily return time series of EUR/USD is proved.Key words: rescaled range (R/S) analysis; rescaled variance (V/S) analysis; long-term memor

Corporate Credit Rating: A Survey

Corporate credit rating (CCR) plays a very important role in the process of contemporary economic and social development. How to use credit rating methods for enterprises has always been a problem worthy of discussion. Through reading and studying the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper makes a systematic survey of CCR. This paper combs the context of the development of CCR methods from the three levels: statistical models, machine learning models and neural network models, summarizes the common databases of CCR, and deeply compares the advantages and disadvantages of the models. Finally, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the current research and prospects the future of CCR. Compared with the existing review of CCR, this paper expounds and analyzes the progress of neural network model in this field in recent years.Comment: 11 page

4,4′-(Ethene-1,2-diyl)dipyridinium bis­[4-(2-carboxy­benzo­yl)benzoate]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C12H12N2 2+·2C15H9O5 −, the cation has site symmetry with the mid-point of C=C bond located on an inversion center. The two benzene rings of the anion are oriented at a dihedral angle 85.87 (6)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into supra­molecular double chains, which are further connected into a three-dimensional network through inter­molecular C—H⋯O and π–π stacking between parallel pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4413 (12)Å] and between parallel benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6116 (14)Å]