749 research outputs found
Seguimiento online de la conductividad eléctrica del vino inducido por ultrasonido
We assessed the effects of ultrasonic frequency, power, temperature and exposure time on the electric conductivity (EC) of wine to evaluate the feasibility of the online EC monitoring as an indicator to reflect the changes of wine quality under the ultrasound irradiation. Results showed that the continuously monitored curve of EC was significantly different from the values recorded at the beginning and end of sonication. An abrupt rise and a rapid drop of wine EC were observed at the start and end points of sonication, respectively, in all working conditions. With regards to the assayed wine temperatures, the effect exerted by this parameter on EC before sonication was totally different from that observed when the samples were cooled down after ultrasound treatment. All in all, these results suggest that the online EC monitoring of wine may be used as an efficient indicator to control and reflect the real changes of wine under ultrasound treatment.Hemos estudiado los efectos de la frecuencia de ultrasonido, la potencia, la temperatura y el tiempo de exposición en la conductividad eléctrica (EC) del vino para evaluar la viabilidad del seguimiento EC online como indicador para reflejar los cambios en la calidad del vino bajo irradiación de ultrasonido. Los resultados mostraron que la curva de EC supervisada en continuo fue significativamente diferente de los valores registrados al principio y al final de la sonicación. Se observaron un aumento brusco y una rápida caÃda de EC del vino al principio y al final de la sonicación, respectivamente, para todas las condiciones estudiadas. En referencia a las temperaturas testadas del vino, el efecto ejercido por este parámetro en EC antes de la sonicación fue totalmente distinto de aquel observado cuando se enfriaron las muestras después del tratamiento de ultrasonido. En resumen, estos resultados sugieren que el seguimiento online de EC del vino podrÃa ser utilizado como un indicador eficiente para controlar y reflejar los cambios reales en el vino con el uso de tratamiento de ultrasonido.National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 31101324]Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China [grant number 2015JM3097]Technology Transfer Promotion Project of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China [grant number CXY1434(5)]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [grant number GK201302039], [grant number GK201404006], [grant number GK201505128
Estudio preliminar sobre el efecto del ultrasonido en las propiedades fisicoquÃmicas del vino tinto
Ultrasound is regarded as a potential alternative method for improving the quality of some wines. This study was initiated with the objective of evaluating the effects of ultrasound on some important physicochemical properties of red wine such as chromatic characteristics (CC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (DFRSA). The operational parameters assessed were ultrasound power, ultrasound frequency, exposure time and bath temperature. Results illustrated that there were significant changes in CC, EC and TPC while pH and TA hardly changed except for samples treated at high temperatures. DFRSA was correlated to TPC during ultrasonic treatment. Application of principal component analysis to the experimental data suggested that exposure time was the factor with the greatest ability to induce changes on wine. Results suggested that ultrasound may be applied to improve some physicochemical properties of red wine.El ultrasonido se considera uno de los métodos alternativos potenciales para mejorar la calidad de algunos vinos. Se comenzó este estudio con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos del ultrasonido en algunas de la propiedades fisicoquÃmicas importantes del vino tinto como son: las caracterÃsticas cromáticas (CC), la conductividad eléctrica (EC), el pH, la acidez (TA), los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) y el DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) de actividad de eliminación de radicales libres (DFRSA). Los parámetros operacionales examinados fueron: la potencia de ultrasonido, la frecuencia de ultrasonido, el tiempo de exposición y la temperatura de baño. Los resultados ilustraron la existencia de cambios significativos en CC, EC y TPC, mientras que el pH y TA prácticamente no cambiaron excepto en las muestras tratadas con altas temperaturas. DFRSA tuvo correlación con TPC durante el tratamiento con ultrasonido. La aplicación de análisis de componentes principales a los datos experimentales sugirió que el tiempo de exposición era el factor con mayor habilidad para inducir cambios en el vino. Los resultados sugirieron que el ultrasonido podrÃa aplicarse para mejorar algunas de las propiedades fisicoquÃmicas del vino tinto.National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 31101324]Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China [No. 2015JM3097]Technology Transfer Promotion Project of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China [No.CXY1434(5)]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [Nos. GK201302039, GK201404006
Understanding the Weakness of Large Language Model Agents within a Complex Android Environment
Large language models (LLMs) have empowered intelligent agents to execute
intricate tasks within domain-specific software such as browsers and games.
However, when applied to general-purpose software systems like operating
systems, LLM agents face three primary challenges. Firstly, the action space is
vast and dynamic, posing difficulties for LLM agents to maintain an up-to-date
understanding and deliver accurate responses. Secondly, real-world tasks often
require inter-application cooperation}, demanding farsighted planning from LLM
agents. Thirdly, agents need to identify optimal solutions aligning with user
constraints, such as security concerns and preferences. These challenges
motivate AndroidArena, an environment and benchmark designed to evaluate LLM
agents on a modern operating system. To address high-cost of manpower, we
design a scalable and semi-automated method to construct the benchmark. In the
task evaluation, AndroidArena incorporates accurate and adaptive metrics to
address the issue of non-unique solutions. Our findings reveal that even
state-of-the-art LLM agents struggle in cross-APP scenarios and adhering to
specific constraints. Additionally, we identify a lack of four key
capabilities, i.e., understanding, reasoning, exploration, and reflection, as
primary reasons for the failure of LLM agents. Furthermore, we provide
empirical analysis on the failure of reflection, and improve the success rate
by 27% with our proposed exploration strategy. This work is the first to
present valuable insights in understanding fine-grained weakness of LLM agents,
and offers a path forward for future research in this area. Environment,
benchmark, and evaluation code for AndroidArena are released at
https://github.com/AndroidArenaAgent/AndroidArena
Understanding the phenomenological and intrinsic blazar sequence using a simple scaling model
The blazar sequence, including negative correlations between radiative
luminosity and synchrotron peak frequency , and between
Compton dominance and , is widely adopted as a phenomenological
description of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars, although its
underlying cause is hotly debated. In particular, these correlations turn
positive after correcting Doppler boosting effect. In this work, we revisit the
phenomenological and intrinsic blazar sequence with three samples, which are
historical sample (SEDs are built with historical data), quasi-simultaneous
sample (SEDs are built with quasi-simultaneous data) and Doppler factor
corrected sample (a sample with available Doppler factors), selected from
literature. We find that phenomenological blazar sequence holds in historical
sample, but does not exist in quasi-simultaneous sample, and intrinsic
correlation between and becomes positive in Doppler factor
corrected sample. We also analyze if the blazar sequence still exists in
subclasses of blazars, i.e., flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lacertae
objects, with different values of . To interpret these correlations, we
apply a simple scaling model, in which physical parameters of the dissipation
region are connected to the location of the dissipation region. We find that
the model generated results are highly sensitive to the chosen ranges and
distributions of physical parameters. Therefore, we suggest that even though
the simple scaling model can reproduce the blazar sequence under specific
conditions that have been fine-tuned, such results may not have universal
applicability. Further consideration of a more realistic emission model is
expected.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
A potential third-generation gravitational-wave detector based on autocorrelative weak-value amplification
Reducing noises and enhancing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) have become
critical for designing third-generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors with
a GW strain of less than /. In this paper, we propose
a potential third-generation GW detector based on autocorrelative weak-value
amplification (AWVA) for GW detection with a strain of /. In our scheme, a GW event induces a phase difference
by passing through an 11-bounce delay line, 10-km arm-length,
zero-area Sagnac interferometer illuminated with a 1064-nm laser. Subsequently,
is amplified as the parameter of post-selection by choosing the
appropriate pre-selected state and coupling strength in AWVA. In particular, we
theoretically investigate the AWVA measurements for GW detection within the
frequency band of 200 Hz 800 Hz, considering Gaussian
noises with negative-decibel SNRs. The peak response of the AWVA sensitivity
occurs at frequency = 500 Hz, which falls within the
frequency band of interest of the current third-generation GW detectors. Our
simulation results indicate that AWVA can demonstrate a measurable sensitivity
of within the frequency band of interest. Moreover, the
robustness of WVA shows promising potential in mitigating the effects of
Gaussian noises.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure
Spectral karyotyping reveals a comprehensive karyotype in an adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leu-kemia (ALL). Comprehensive karyotype was related to poor prognosis frequently in ALL. We present a comprehensive karyotype in an adult ALL by spectral karyotyping (SKY) and R-banding. SKY not only confirmed the abnormalities previously seen by R-banding but also improved comprehensive karyotype analysis with the following result 47,XY,+9, ins(1;5)(q23;q23q34) t(6;7)(q23;p13). Our report demonstrated that SKY is able to provide more information accurately for prediction of disease prognosis in adult ALL with compre-hensive karyotype
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TCF1 and LEF1 Control Treg Competitive Survival and Tfr Development to Prevent Autoimmune Diseases.
CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are key players in preventing lethal autoimmunity. Tregs undertake differentiation processes and acquire diverse functional properties. However, how Treg's differentiation and functional specification are regulated remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that gradient expression of TCF1 and LEF1 distinguishes Tregs into three distinct subpopulations, particularly highlighting a subset of activated Treg (aTreg) cells. Treg-specific ablation of TCF1 and LEF1 renders the mice susceptible to systemic autoimmunity. TCF1 and LEF1 are dispensable for Treg's suppressive capacity but essential for maintaining a normal aTreg pool and promoting Treg's competitive survival. As a consequence, the development of TÂ follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, which are a subset of aTreg, is abolished in TCF1/LEF1-conditional knockout mice, leading to unrestrained T follicular helper (Tfh) and germinal center B cell responses. Thus, TCF1 and LEF1 act redundantly to control the maintenance and functional specification of Treg subsets to prevent autoimmunity
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